Yndhanur teghekutyunner marmni hamakargeri masin

Mardu marminy zarmanali mi hamakarg e, vory miazhamanak katarum e sephakan kensagorcuneutyan apahovmany npatakaughghvac bazmativ bard gorcoghutyunner։

Tuzhacin ardyunavet aoajin ognutyun cucaberelis partadir che manramasn giteliqner unenal mardu marmni gorcuneutyan masin։ Sakayn marmni karucvacqi, kensakan organneri teghakayman ev nranc gorcuneutyan masin tarrakan giteliqnery kognen vnasvacqneri ev hivandutyunneri depqum tchisht koghmnoroshvel, tuzhaci vitchaki masin stuyg teghekutyunner haghordel bzhshkakan andznakazmin։

Marmni kensakan hamakargery phoxkapakcvac en։ Usti vnasvacqy kam hivandutyuny, vorn azdum e voreve mi kensakan hamakargi gorcuneutyan vra, bnakanabar karogh e azdel naev myusneri vra։

MARMNI XVoRVoChNERY

Marmni xorochnery marmni mej gtnvogh taracutyunnern en, voroncum gtnvum en nerqin organnery։ Mardu marmni karevor xorochnern en: gangi, krcqavandaki ev vorovayni xorochnery (nk.2.1) ։

• Gangi xorochy gtnvum E glxum։ Gangi xorochum gtnvum E glxugheghy, vory vnasvacqneric pashtpanvac e gangi voskrerov։

• Krcqavandaki xorochy gtnvum E irani verin masum ev vorovayni xorochic bazhanvac E gmbetadzev mkanov: stocaniov։ Krcqavandaky, vory dzevavorvum E kogheri: krcoskrin ev vogherin mianalov, pashtpanum E ir mej eghac organnery (sirt, toqer ev ayln) ։

• Vorovayni xorochy gtnvum E irani storin masum։ Vorovayni xorochum en gtnvum stamoqsy, aghinery, lyardy, leghaparky, phaycaghy, mizayin ev serakan organnery ev ayln։ Vorovayni xorochi organnery miayn hetevic en pashtpanvac voskrerov, hetnabar xoceli en։

MARMNI KARUCVACQY

Marminy baghkacac E bazmativ bjijneric, voronq handisanum en bolor kendani hyusvacqneri phoqraguyn karucvacqayin ev funkcional miavornery։ Marmnum kan tarber tesaki bjijner, ev amen mi tesak yurovi apahovum E marmni normal kensagorcuneutyuny։ Nuynanman karucvacq unecogh bjijneri bazmutyuny kochvum E hyusvacq։ Hamakcvac gorcogh tarber hyusvacqner dzevavorum en marmni organnery։ Organnery ev voroshaki gorcuneutyun irakanacnogh goyacutyunnery dzevavorum en marmni kensakan hamakargery։
Mardu marmni kensakan hamakargern en:

• nyardayin hamakargy,

• shncharakan hamakargy,

• srtanotayin (aryan shrjanarutyan) hamakargy,

• avshayin hamakargy,

• oskramkanayin (henasharzhich) hamakargy,

• cackuytayin hamakargy,

• marsoghakan hamakargy,

• nerzatich hamakargy,

• mizayin hamakargy,

• serakan hamakargy:

Kensakan karevor en hamarvum ayn hamakargery, voronc gorcuneutyan lurj xangarumy kam dadary kartch zhamanakum berum E mahvan: Mardu kensakan karevor hamakargern en nyardayin, shncharakan ev srtanotayin hamakargery:

NYARDAYIN HAMAKARG

Nyardayin hamakargy kargavorum E marmni gorcuneutyuny։ Nyardayin hamakargn apahovum E marmni ev artaqin mijavayri kapy։ Marmni bolor reakcianery: artaqin ashxarhic stacvogh grgirneri nkatmamb, paymanavorvum en nyardayin hamakargi gorcuneutyamb։

Nyardayin hamakargi kazmi mej mtnum en kentronakan nyardayin hamakargy (glxughegh, voghnughegh) ev cayramasayin nyardayin hamakargy (nyarder) (nk.2.2) ։

Glxugheghy kentronakan nyardayin hamakargi baghkacucich masn e, vory gtnvum e gangi xorochum ev karavarum e marmni bolor hamakargeri gorcuneutyuny։ Glxugheghy irakanacnum e ereq kargi funkcianer: miavorogh, zgayakan ev sharzhich։ Ugheghi miavorogh funkciayi shnorhiv apahovvum en gitakcutyuny, hishoghutyuny, zgacmunqnery, xosqy։ Zgayakan funkcian hnaravorutyun e talis tesnel, lsel, shoshaphel, zgal jermutyuny, tarber hotern u hamery։ Ugheghi sharzhich funkciayi shnorhiv irakananum en marmni sharzhumnery։

Glxugheghi bazhinneric e erkaravun ugheghy, vory gtnvum e voghnugheghi: glxugheghin mianalu hatvacum։ Erkaravun ugheghum en gtnvum srtanotayin, shncharakan ev mi qani ayl hamakarger ghekavarogh kentronner: Ugheghi ayd hatvaci vnasvacqnery karogh en mahvan pattchar handisanal։

Voghnugheghy kentronakan nyardayin hamakargi mi masn e, vory gtnvum e voghnashari xoghovakum ev himnakanum irakanacnum e kapy glxugheghi ev cayramasayin nyardayin hamakargi mijev, inchpes naev uni ir sephakan kargavorogh kentronnery։ Voghnugheghi voreve hatvaci vnasman depqum xatarvum e ayd hatvacic nerqev gtnvogh marmni maseri gorcuneutyuny։

Nyardery glxugheghic ev voghnugheghic taracvum en depi marmni bolor masery։ Nranq teghekutyunner en haghordum elektrakan azdakneri (grgirneri) mijocov։

Ayn nyardery, voronc grgrman zhamanak azdaknery marmni cayramasic gnum en depi ughegh, apahovum en ugheghi zgayakan funkcian։

Ayn nyardery, voronc grgrman zhamanak azdaknern ugheghic gnum en depi mkannery, apahovum en ugheghi sharzhich funkcian։ Nyardayin bjijnery tarbervum en marmni myus bjijneric nranov, vor chen verakangnvum։ Ayspisov, vnasvac nyardayin bjijneri koghmic irakanacvogh: marmni voreve shrjani kargavorman funkcian karogh e yndmisht anhetanal։

Nyardayin hamakargi gorcuneutyan vitchakn artahaytum e gitakcutyuny։ Gitakcutyuny karogh e xangarvel tarber vnasvacqneri ev hivandutyunneri pattcharov։ Glxi cankacac vnasvacq, vory berum e gitakcutyan korsti, karogh e arajacnel ugheghi vnasum, usti dran petq e lrjoren verabervel։ Voghnugheghi ev nyarderi vnasvacqnery karogh en berel zgacoghutyan kam sharzhumneri zhamanakavor kam mshtakan korsti (paralizi) ։

ShNChARAKAN HAMAKARG

Marmni ev mijavayri mijev teghi unecogh gazaphoxanakutyuny kochvum e shncharutyun։ Normal kensagorcuneutyan hamar marmnin anhrazhesht e energia։ Snndanyuteric energiayi stacumn yntanum e ttvacni klanmamb ev acxattu gazi anjatmamb։ Qani vor marmnum chka ttvacni pashar, aranc vori bjijnery mahanum en, apa anhrazhesht e ttvacni anyndhat mutq marmin։ Myus koghmic acxattu gazy petq e heracvi marmnic, qani vor nra zgali qanakutyan kutakumy vtangavor e kyanqi hamar։ Odic ttvacni klanumy ev acxattu gazi artazatumy iragorcvum e shncharakan hamakargi mijocov։ Shncharakan hamakargy kazmum en shnchughinery (qti xoroch, qtaympan, ympan, kokord, shnchaphogh, bronxner) ev toqery (nk. 2.3) ։ Shnchughinerov ody hasnum e toqer, vortegh irakananum e gazaphoxanakutyuny։

Qti xorochi nerqin makeresy patvac e aryunatar anotnerov harust lordzataghantov: Nershnchvogh ody qti xorochum taqanum e, xonavanum, maqrvum phoshuc ev masamb varakazercvum։ Apa ayn ancnum e qtaympan, ympan, isk heto: kokord։ Kokordum gtnvum en dzaynalarery, voronq trtrum en irenc mijov od ancnelis ev arajacnum dzayn։ Kokordov odn ancnum e shnchaphogh, vory gtnvum e kerakraphoghi arjevum։ Klman zhamanak makkokordy kaphuyri nman phakum e kokordi mutqy ev xochyndotum shncharakan ughineri mej otar masnikneri u heghukneri taphancmany։ Krcqavandaki xorochum shnchaphoghy bazhanvum e erku: aj ev dzax bronxneri։ Bronxnery tchyughavorvum en: arajacnelov bronxial car, vori cayramasayin odatar xoghovaknery veracvum en toqabshteri (nk. 2.3) ։ Toqabshtery (alveolnery) manraguyn bronxneri voghkuyzanman verjavorutyunnern en, vortegh katarvum e gazaphoxanakutyun։ Toqabshtery patvac en aryunatar anotneri xit cancov:

Toqery krcqavandakum teghakayvac spunganman zuyg organner en, voronq shncharutyan mijocov marminn apahovum en ttvacnov ev marmnic durs en berum acxattu gazy։

Toqery patvac en taghantov: toqamzov (plevra) ։ Toqamizy, patelov yuraqanchyur toqy, ancnum e krcqavandaki nerqin pateri vra ev toqi shurjn arajacnum phak toqamzayin xoroch։ Toqamzayin xorochum tchnshumy mtnolortayinic cacr e։ Tchnshumneri tarberutyan shnorhiv apahovvum e odi ancumy toqer։

Nershnchman Zhamanak krcqavandaki mkannery ev stocanin kckvum en: mecacnelov krcqavandaki cavaly։ Qani vor toqamzayin xorochum tchnshumy mtnolortayinic cacr e, krcqavandaki cavali mecacman het mektegh, laynanum en naev toqery, vori hetevanqov odn ancnum e ayntegh (nk. 2.4a) ։ Artashnchman zhamanak verohishyal mkannery tulanum en, ev ody durs e galis toqeric (nk. 2.4b) ։

Ttvaciny: ancnelov alveoli ev aryunatar anoti barak pati mijov, nertaphancum e odic aryun, isk acxattu gazy: hakarak ughghutyamb:

Mardu shncharutyan hatchaxutyuny ev cavaly kaxvac e marmni ttvacni pahanjic։ Chaphahas mardy hangist vitchakum mek nershnchman yntacqum nershnchum e motavorapes 500 ml od։ Shncharutyan hatchaxutyuny sovorabar kazmum e:

• chaphahas mardkanc ev ut tarekanic bardzr erexaneri mot: ropeum 14-18 shncharakan sharzhum,

• 1-8 tarekan erexaneri mot: ropeum 20-25 shncharakan sharzhum,

• ccker erexaneri mot: ropeum 40-60 shncharakan sharzhum։

Shncharutyunn anyndhat e ev karavarvum e nyardayin hamakargi koghmic։

Mardu shncharutyuny karogh e dzhvaranal krcqavandaki vnasvacqneri, shncharakan hivandutyunneri, alergik vitchakneri, shnchughineri xcanman ev ayl pattcharnerov։ Ays pattcharnery karogh en hangecnel shncharutyan kangi, vory kyanqin anmijakan vtang sparnacogh iravitchak e։

SRTANVoTAYIN HAMAKARG

Srtanotayin (aryan shrjanarutyan) hamakargy irakanacnum e aryan anyndhat hosqy marmnum։ Aryan hosqi shnorhiv bjijnern apahovvum en ttvacnov, snndanyuterov ev heracvum en acxattu gazn u nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqnery։ Srtanotayin hamakargy kazmum en sirty ev aryunatar anotnery (nk. 2.5) ։

SIRT

Sirty krcoskri hetevum teghakayvac mkanayin xorochavor organ e, vory mghum e aryunn amboghj marmnov։ Sirty bazhanvum e irar het chhaghordakcvogh aj ev dzax keseri։

Srti mghich gorcuneutyunn apahovvum e srtamkani kckman shnorhiv։ Sirtn uni ir sephakan elektrakan hamakargy, vory kargavorum e srti kckumneri kanonavorutyuny։ Srti kckumneri kanonavorutyunn apahovum e aryan anyndhat hosqy։ Sirtn uni phakanayin hamakarg, vori shnorhiv apahovvum e aryan hosqy mek ughghutyamb: Phakanayin hamakargy xochyndotum e aryan hethosqy։

Srtamkany ttvacni ev snndanyuteri andadar matakararman kariq uni։ Srtamkany snucogh anotnery kochvum en psakadzev anotner։

ARYUNATAR ANVoTNER

Aryunatar anotnern en zarkeraknery, eraknery, mazanotnery։ Zarkeraknerov aryuny srtic mghvum e depi marmni bolor hyusvacqnery։ Xoshor zarkeraknery bazhanvum en aveli u aveli phoqr tramagic unecogh zarkerakneri, voronq veracvum en mazanotneri։ Mazanotnery manr anotner en, voronc pati mijov katarvum e ttvacni u snndanyuteri ancumn aryunic bjijner ev acxattu gazi u nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqneri ancumy bjijneric aryan mej։ Mazanotnery mianalov, kazmum en erakner, voronq, irenc hertin mianalov, arajacnum en aveli xoshor erakner։ Eraknerov aryuny marmni tarber maseric hosum e depi sirt։

ARYAN ShRJANARUTYUN

Aryuny shrjanarum e aryan mec ev phoqr shrjannerov (nk. 2.6) ։ Aryan shrjanarutyan mec shrjann apahovum e hyusvacqnerin ttvacnov harust aryunov։ Aryan shrjanarutyan phoqr shrjanum aryuny harstanum e ttvacnov ev azatvum acxattu gazic։ Aryan shrjanarutyan mec shrjanum ttvacnov harust al karmir aryuny srti dzax kesic zarkeraknerov mghvum e depi marmni bolor hyusvacqnery։ Mazanotnerov hosogh aryan ev hyusvacqneri bjijneri mijev teghi e unenum nyutaphoxanakutyun։ Ttvacnov aghqat, mug karmir aryuny eraknerov veradarnum e srti aj kesy։ Aryan shrjanarutyan phoqr shrjanum srti aj kesic ttvacnov aghqat aryuny toqayin zarkeraknerov mghvum e depi toqer, vortegh aryuny harstanum e ttvacnov ev, toqayin erakneri mijocov ancnelov srti dzax kes, krkin sksum e ir shrjany։

ANVoTAZARK

Srti kckman zhamanak aryan harvacayin aliqy taracvum e zarkerakneri paterov։ Da kochvum e anotazark (puls), vory kareli e shoshaphel makeresayin zarkerakneri vra, orinak: paranoci shrjanum (qnayin zarkeraki vra), dastakin (tchatchanchayin zarkeraki vra) ։

Hangist vitchakum mardu srti kckumneri hatchaxakanutyuny kazmum e:

• chaphahas mardkanc ev ut tarekanic bardzr erexaneri mot: ropeum 60-80 zark,

• 1-8 tarekan erexaneri mot: ropeum 80-110 zark,

• ccker erexaneri mot: ropeum 120-140 zark։

Srtanotayin hamakargi xatarman pattchar karogh en linel srtanotayin hivandutyunnery, krcqavandaki vnasvacqnery, uzhegh aryunahosutyuny, elektrakan harvacy ev ayln։ Ays vitchaknery karogh en hangecnel srti kangi, vory kyanqin anmijakan vtang sparnacogh iravitchak e, qani vor dadarum e marmni bolor bjijnerin ttvacni matakararumy։ Srti kangn ir hertin anxusaphelioren berum e shncharutyan kangi։

MARMNI NERQIN HEGhUK MIJAVAYRY

Aryuny, avishy ev hyusvacqayin heghuky kazmum en marmni nerqin heghuk mijavayry։

ARYUN

Aryuny kazmum e marmni zangvaci 7-8%-y։ Sovorabar miayn aryan mi masn e shrjanarum։ Myus masy gtnvum e aryuny pahestavorogh organnerum: lyardum, phaycaghum, mashkum, toqerum։ Ayd aryuny shrjanarutyan mej e mtnum aktiv fizikakan ashxatanqi zhamanak, aryan korsti kam ayl depqerum։ Aryuny baghkacac e heghuk masic u dzevavor tarreric։ Heghuk masy kochvum e plazma։ Aryan dzevavor tarrern en aryan karmir bjijnery (eritrocitner), aryan spitak bjijnery (leykocitner) ev aryan titeghiknery (trombocitner) ։

Plazman kazmum e aryan cavali mot 55%-y։ Ayn himnakanum baghkacac e jric, vortegh lucvac en spitakucner ev ayl organakan nyuter, agher։

Aryan karmir bjijnery parunakum en hemoglobin, vory kapum ev teghaphoxum e ttvaciny։ Hemoglobinov e paymanavorvac aryan karmir guyny։ Ttvacnov harust aryunn uni var karmir, isk ttvacnov aghqat aryuny: mug karmir guyn։

Aryan spitak bjijnery mtnum en marmni imun hamakargi kazmi mej։ Dranq pashtpanum en organizmy manreneric, otaracin masnikneric ev ayl nyuteric։

Aryan titeghiknern anoti pati vnasman depqum masnakcum en aryan makardmany, npastum en xcani (tromb) arajacmany ev kanxum hetaga aryunahosutyuny։ Aryuny irakanacnum e hetevyal funkcianery:

• Teghaphoxutyan։ Aryuny hascnum e snndanyuter ev ttvacin marmni bolor bjijnerin, heracnum e nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqnern u acxattu gazy։ Kensabanakan aktiv nyutern ancnum en aryun ev hascvum tirax organnerin։

• Pashtpanakan։ Aryan spitak bjijneri mijocov irakananum e payqary varaki dem։ Aryan titeghiknery masnakcum en aryan makardmany ev pashtpanum marminn aryan korstic։

• Jermakargavorich։ Aryan shrjanarutyan mijocov apahovvum e marmni jermastitchani haraberakan hastatunutyuny։

HYUSVACQAYIN HEGhUK

Hyusvacqnerum bjijnery sovorabar irar kip chen harum։ Nranc mijev eghac taracutyuny lcvac e hyusvacqayin heghukov։ Snndanyuter ev ttvacin parunakogh plazman aryunatar mazanotneric mshtapes ancnum e hyusvacqneri mej: arajacnelov hyusvacqayin heghuk։ Bjijnery hyusvacqayin heghukic vercnum en ttvaciny, anhrazhesht nyutery ev nra mej artazatum nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqnery։

AVISh

Avishy marmni heghuk mijavayri baghadramasn e, vory katarum e pashtpanakan ev nyutaphoxanakutyan funkcianer։ Hyusvacqayin heghuky, ancnelov avshayin anotneri mej, dzevavorum e avishy։ Avishy taphancik heghuk e, baghadrutyamb nman e aryan plazmayin ev parunakum e aryan spitak bjijner։

AVShAYIN HAMAKARG

Avshayin hamakargn irakanacnum e pashtpanakan funkcia ev masnakcum e nyutaphoxanakutyany։

Avshayin hamakargy baghkacac e avshayin anotneric, avshayin hanguycneric, avshayin geghdzeric (nshiknery), marsoghakan xoghovaki patum avshayin bjijneri kutakumneric, phaycaghic, urcageghdzic (nk. 2.7) ։

Avshayin shrjanarutyuny sksvum e kuyr sksvogh avshayin mazanotnerov, voronq astitchanabar veracvum en aveli xoshor avshayin anotneri ev i verjo bacvum srti aj kesy mtnogh eraki mej։ Avshayin mazanotneri pateri bardzr taphanceliutyan shnorhiv hyusvacqayin heghukn ancnum e dranc mej: dzevavorelov avishy։ Avshi hosqy dandagh e։ Hamematutyan hamar, ete mardu marmnum orakan shrjanarogh aryan cavaly kazmum e mot 10 000 litr, apa marmnum shrjanarogh avshi orakan cavaly kazmum e mot 2, 5 l։

Avshayin anotneri tchanaparhin kan avshayin hanguycner, vortegh kutakvac en aryan spitak bjijner, ev voroncov ancnelov: avishn azatvum e axtacin manreneric։ Makeresayin avshayin hanguycnery himnakanum xmbavorvac en marmni voroshaki shrjannerum: paranoc, anutayin ev atchukayin phoser (nk. 2.7) ։

Avshayin hanguycnery sovorabar phoqr en ev chen shoshaphvum, sakayn varaki ev vorosh hivandutyunneri depqum mecanum en: daonalov shoshapheli ev erbemn: cavot։

VoSKRAMKANAYIN HAMAKARG

Voskramkanayin (henasharzhich) hamakargn irakanacnum e marmni henman, nerqin organneri pashtpanman, sharzhumneri apahovman, agheri pahestavorman, aryan bjijneri steghcman, jermartadrman funkcianer։

Voskramkanayin hamakargy baghkacac e voskreric, kmaxqayin mkanneric, jleric u kapanneric։

Marminn uni 200-ic aveli voskrer։ Voskry kmaxqy dzevavorogh organ e, vori himnakan masy kazmvac e amur, pind hyusvacqic: Voskrery tariqi het voroshaki phophoxutyunner en krum։ Eritasard tariqum dranq aveli tchkun en ev dzhvar en kotrvum, isk tarec mardkanc voskrern aveli phxrun en ev hesht en kotrvum։ Voskrern yst karucvacqi linum en xoghovakavor (azdroskr, bazkoskr), taphak (krcoskr, kogher, tiak) ev xary (oghner, storin cnot) ։ Kmaxqy katarum e henarani der: pashtpanelov nerqin organnery ev hyusvacqnery։

Mardu kmaxqy baghkacac e gangi, irani ev verjuytneri kmaxqic (nk. 2.8) ։

Gangy, vory pashtpanum e glxugheghy vnasvacqneric, kazmvac e gangi voskreric (cocrakoskr, gagatoskr, qunqoskr ev ayln) ։ Irani kmaxqy kazmvac e voghnasharic ev krcqavandakic։

Voghnashary, vory pashtpanum e voghnugheghy, baghkacac e voghneric, voronq mimyancic bazhanvac en atcharayin hyusvacqi shertov; Krcqavandaky dzevavorvum e kogheri: krcoskrin u voghnerin mianaluc։ Ayn pashtpanum e ir nersum gtnvogh organnery։

Verjuyty kazmvac e verjuyti gotuc ev azat verjuytic։ Verin verjuyti kmaxqy kazmvac e usagotuc (tiak ev anrak) ev verin azat verjuytic։ Verin azat verjuyti voskrern en bazkoskry, naxabazki voskrery (tchatchanchoskr ev cghikoskr), dastaki, naxadastaki voskrery ev matneri falangnery։ Storin verjuyti kmaxqy kazmvac E konqagotuc ev storin azat verjuytic։ Konqagotu kazmi mej mtnum en erku konqoskrery, voronq marmni hetin masum mianum en srboskri het: Storin azat verjuyti voskrern en azdroskry, srunqi voskrery (mec ev phoqr voloqnery), garshapari, naxagarshapari voskrery ev matneri falangnery։

Tarberum enq voskreri miacman ereq dzev: ansharzh miacum (gangi voskrer, srboskry kazmogh voghnery), kisasharzhun miacum (oghneri miacumy mimyanc, kogheri miacumy krcoskrin) ev sharzhun miacum kam hod (armnkayin, konqazdrayin, srunqtatayin): Ansharzh miacumy dzevavorvum E voskreri sertatchman, karanneri mijocov։ Voskreri kisasharzhun miacumy dzevavorvum e atcharayin hyusvacqi ev kapanneri mijocov: Voskreri sharzhun miacumy: hody, uni bard karucvacq (nk. 2.9) ։ Ayn kazmvac E voskreri nerhodayin cayreric, nerhodayin heghukic ev hody drsic patogh taghantic: hodashapikic։ Sovorabar hody kazmogh voskreri hodayin makeresneric meky linum E urucik, myusy: gogavor։ Hodi amrutyunn apahovum en kapannery, voroncov voskrery kapvum en mimyanc։

Mkann organ E, vori kckman shnorhiv arajanum E sharzhum (nk. 2.10) ։ Mkannery voskrerin amranum en jlerov, voronq kazmvac en amur kapakcogh hyusvacqic։ Mkanneri ashxatanqi yntacqum anjatvum E jermutyun։

Marmni voskramkanayin hamakargi vnasvacqnern en voskreri kotrvacqnery, hodaxaxtery, mkanneri, jleri, kapanneri dzgumnern u patrvacqnery։ Ayd vnasvacqnery sovorabar kyanqin anmijakanoren chen sparnum։ Sakayn hamapatasxan ognutyun chcucaberelu depqum dranq karogh en vnasel xoshor aryunatar anotnery, nyardery, nerqin organnery ev bardacnel iravitchaky։

Mkannery linum en kamayin ev voch kamayin։ Kamayin mkannery kckvum en mardu kamqov։ Orinak: mardy ir cankutyamb sharzhum e dzerqy։ Ays xmbi mej en mtnum glxi, paranoci, irani verjuytneri bolor mkannery, inchpes naev vorosh nerqin organneri, kokordi, lezvi mkannery։ Voch kamayin mkannery gtnvum en nerqin organneri ev aryunatar anotneri paterum։ Ays mkanneri kckumy kaxvac che mardu kamqic։

CACKUYTAYIN HAMAKARG

Mashky, nra acancyalnery (mazern u eghungnery) ev lordzataghantnery kazmum en cackuytayin hamakargy։ Cackuytayin hamakargy katarum e pashtpanakan, jermakargavorman, artazatman, jraaghayin phoxanakutyan ev zgayakan funkcianer։ Mashkn amur, aradzgakan taghant e, vory patum e mardu marmni makeresy։ Mashky kazmvac e erku sherteric: artaqin (vernamashk) ev nerqin (bun mashk) (nk. 2.11) ։ Mashki tak gtnvum e entamashkayin tcharpayin bjjanqi sherty։ Vernamashkum chkan aryunatar anotner ev nyarder, ayn kazmvac e mi qani shert bjijneric։ Vernamashki makeresayin sherty kazmvac e eghjracac, merac bjijneric, voronq anyndhat phoxarinvum en storev gtnvogh sherteri bjijnerov։ Bun mashkum en gtnvum mazarmatnery, tcharpageghdzery, qrtnageghdzery, aryunatar anotnery ev nyardery։

Mashky pashtpanum e ir tak gtnvogh hyusvacqnery vnasvacqneric ev varaki argelq e handisanum: xochyndotelov hivandutyan harucichneri mutqy։ Mashky kargavorum e marmnic jri golorshiacumy ev dranov masnakcum jermakargavormany։ Marmnum arajacac jermutyan mot 80%-y artazatvum e mashki mijocov։

Kaxvac paymanneric (odi jermastitchan u xonavutyun, fizikakan aktivutyun ev ayln), voroncum gtnvum e marminy, jermatvutyuny phoxvum e։ Ayspes, curt eghanakin mashki aryan anotnery neghanum en, ev shrjapatin trvogh jermutyan qanaky nvazum e։ Taq eghanakin, yndhakaraky, aryan anotnery laynanum en, ev mashki mijocov jermatvutyuny mecanum e։ Erb mashki kam lordzataghantneri aryunatar anotnery laynanum kam neghanum en: phoxvum e nranc guyny։ Anotneri laynacman zhamanak mashkn u lordzataghantnery karmrum en, neghacman zhamanak: gunatvum։ Jermakargavormany masnakcum en naev qrtnageghdzery։ Qrtinqy golorshanalov: ijecnum e marmni jermastitchany։ Qrtinqi het marmnic heracvum en nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqnery, aghery ev jury։ Tcharpageghdzeri artazatukn ocelov mashky: ayn dardznum e aradzgakan, phaphuk ev jrakayun։ Mashky harust nyardavorman shnorhiv shat zgayun e cavi, jermutyan, shphman nkatmamb։ Nra mijocov ugheghy stanum e voroshaki teghekutyunner shrjapatogh mijavayri masin։ Tarber ararkaner karogh en cakel, ktrel, patrel mashky, bardzr kam cacr jermastitchanneri azdecutyan depqum karogh E arajanal mashki jermayin vnasum (ayrvacq kam crtaharum) ։ Mashki vnasvacqnery karogh en heghuki korsti ev aryunahosutyan pattchar handisanal։ Nra amboghjakanutyan xaxtman depqum marmin karogh en nertaphancel axtacin manrener։

MARSVoGhAKAN HAMAKARG

Marsoghakan hamakargn apahovum e marminy jrov, agherov ev snndarar nyuterov, voronq anhrazhesht en energiayi stacman, bjijneri normal kensagorcuneutyan hamar։

Marsoghakan hamakargy kazmvac e marsoghakan xoghovakic (berani xoroch, ympan, kerakraphogh, stamoqs, aghiner) ev nra mej bacvogh marsoghakan geghdzeric (tqageghdzer, lyard, entastamoqsayin geghdz ev ayln) (nk. 2.12):

Marsoghakan xoghovakn ayn tchanaparhn e, vorov ancnum e snundy։ Aystegh snundy entarkvum e mexanikakan ev qimiakan mshakman։ Marsoghakan xoghovaki amboghj erkarutyamb artazatvum en marsoghakan hyuter, voronq npastum en snndi marsmany։ Marsoghakan hamakargy sksvum e berani xorochic, vortegh snundn atamneri ev tqi mijocov entarkvum e arajnayin mshakman։ Kisamshakvac snundy beranic ancnum e ympan, isk heto kerakraphoghi mijov: stamoqs։ Stamoqsy marsoghakan xoghovaki laynacac masn e, vortegh teghi e unenum snndi hetaga mshakumy։ Stamoqsic snndaxyusn ancnum e barak aghiner, vortegh ayn sharunakum e mshakvel։ Aystegh snndanyutery nerccvum en aryan mej։ Barak aghinerin hajordum en hast aghinery, vortegh arden mshakvac zangvacic nerccvum en jury ev anorganakan aghery։ Marmni hamar taphon nyutery artatoranqi dzevov durs en bervum ughigh aghiov, vorn avartvum e hetancqov։ Marsoghutyany npastum en marsoghakan geghdzery։ Orinak: lyardy ev entastamoqsayin geghdzn artazatum en nyuter, voronq npastum en snndi marsmany։ Lyardy naev vnasazercum e tunavor nyutery, voronq vorosh qanakov arka en snndi mej ev nra het nerccvum en aryan mej։

Marsoghakan hamakargi organneri vnasman ev nranc normal gorcuneutyan xangarman pattchar karogh en handisanal vorovayni vnasvacqnery, vorosh hivandutyunner ev tunavorumnery։

NERZATICh HAMAKARG

Nerzatich hamakargy nyardayin hamakargi het miasin kargavorum e marmni gorcuneutyuny։

Nerzatich hamakargy baghkacac e nerzatich geghdzeric (nk. 2.13) ։

Dranq ayn organnern en, voronq artadrum ev aryan mej artazatum en kensabanakan aktiv nyuter: hormonner։ Hormonnery, aryan shrjanarutyan mijocov hasnelov tirax organnerin, kargavorum en nranc gorcuneutyuny։

Orinak: entastamoqsayin geghdzum artadrvum e insulin hormony։ Aranc insulini bjijnery chen karogh yuracnel aryan mej arka shaqary, vorn anhrazhesht e nranc normal kensagorcuneutyan hamar։ Erb marmnum chi artadrvum bavarar qanakov insulin, apa aryan mej bardzranum e shaqari makardaky, ev zarganum e shaqaraxt։

MIZAYIN HAMAKARG

Migayin hamakargy karevor der e xaghum nyutaphoxanakutyan argasiqneri heracman gorcum։

Mizayin hamakargy kazmum en erikamnery, mizacorannery, mizaparky ev mizuky (nk. 2.14): Erikamnery vorovayni xorochum gtnvogh zuyg organner en, voronq, ztelov aryuny, arajacnum en mez։ Mezy erikamneric mizacorannerov ancnum ev kutakvum e mizaparkum։ Mizaparky mkanayin organ e։ Erb ayn lcvum e, nra mkannery kckvum en ev mizukov durs mghum mezy։

Erikamnery karogh en vnasvel tikunqic hascvac harvacic, taphancogh verqeric (hrazenayin verqer, dashuynov hascvac verqer) ev ayln։

Erikamnern unen aryunatar anotneri harust canc։ Ayd pattcharov erikamneri vnasumy karogh e arajacnel uzhegh nerqin aryunahosutyun, vory artahaytvum e aryunamizutyamb։

SERAKAN HAMAKARG

Marmni serakan hamakargi gorcuneutyan shnorhiv mardkutyuny sharunakum e ir goyutyuny։

Tarberum enq artaqin ev nerqin serakan organner։ Nerqin serakan organnery gtnvum en vorovayni xorochum ev pashtpanvac en konqi voskrerov։ Igakan serakan organneri mec masy teghakayvac en vorovayni xorochi storin masum (dzvaranner, argandaphogher, argand, heshtoc) (nk. 2.15a) ։ Arakan serakan organneri himnakan masy (amordziner, sermnacoran, arnandam) (nk. 2.15b) gtnvum en konqic durs ev aveli hatchax karogh en vnasvel։ Serakan organnern unen harust nyardavorum ev anotavorum, usti shat cavazgayun en ev vnasvacqneri depqum karogh en uzhegh aryunahosel։

MARMNI HAMAKARGERI HAMATEGh GVoRCUNEUTYUN

Marmni bolor hamakargeri gorcuneutyuny phoxkapakcvac e։ Gorcelov miasin: nranq ognum en marmnin harmarvel phophoxvogh paymannerin։

Orinak: erb mardy katarum e canr fizikakan ashxatanq, apa shncharakan ev srtanotayin hamakargern el en larvac ashxatum, vorpeszi karoghanan apahovel ttvacni bardzracac pahanjy։ Marmni mi hamakargi axtaharumn andradarnum e myus hamakargeri gorcuneutyan vra։ Orinak: krcqavandaki voskreri vnasvacqnery karogh en dzhvaracnel shncharutyuny։ Shncharutyan dadary karogh e srti kangi pattchar darnal, vorn el kberi mahvan։

MAHVAN NShANNERY

Srti kangi hetevanqov dadarum e bjijnerin ttvacni matakararumy, ev zarganum e mah: Mahvan arajin 4-6 ropeneri yntacqum ugheghi bjijnerum teghi unecogh phophoxutyunnery dardzeli en, ev mardun kareli e verakendanacnel։ Ays shrjany kochvum e klinikakan mah։ Dranic heto bjijnerum astitchanabar teghi en unenum andarnali phophoxutyunner, ev zarganum e kensabanakan mah, voric heto liarzheq verakendanacumn anhnar e։ Anotazarki bacakayutyuny mahvan arajin nshann e, sakayn kensabanakan mahvan stuyg nshannern i hayt en galis mahvanic mi qani zham heto։ Dranq en.

• katvi achqi fenomeny (aknagundy koghqeric seghmelis: bibn ughghahayac negh tcheghqi kam elipsi tesq e yndunum),

• mashki ev tesaneli lordzataghantneri masnaki choracumy (orinak: ete diaki achqery bac en mnacel, choranum ev pghtorvum e achqi lordzataghanty: stanalov gorsh erang),

• diakayin sarecumy (diaki jermastitchann astitchanabar havasarvum e shrjapati jermastitchanin),

• diakayin phaytacumy, vory sksvum e diaki verin maseric ev astitchanabar ijnum nerqev,

• diakayin bcery (diaki storin maserum canrutyan uzhi azdecutyamb aryan verabashxman shnorhiv arajanum en gorshamanushakaguyn bcer) ։

AMPhVoPhUM

• Marmni kensakan hamakargeri karucvacqi, nranc teghadrutyan, gorcuneutyan masin giteliqnery, marmni maseri tchisht anvanumneri imacutyuny kognen dzez vnasvacqneri ev hivandutyunneri depqum tchisht koghmnoroshvel, tuzhaci vitchaki masin stuyg teghekutyunner haghordel zhamanogh bzhshkakan andznakazmin։

• Mardu kensakan karevor hamakargern en nyardayin, shncharakan ev srtanotayin hamakargery։

• Hivandutyunnery ev vnasvacqnery, voronq xatarum en marmni mi hamakargi gorcuneutyuny, azdum en naev myus hamakargeri gorcuneutyan vra։

• Mardu marmni hamakargeri, karucvacqi ev gorcuneutyan veraberyal hamarot tvyalnery nerkayacvac en aghyusak 2.1-um։