Ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan nerdrman himqery Hayastanum

Zhoghovrdavarutyan himnadruytn e, vor ayn

amen mi yntroghi hnaravorutyun e talis

anelu inch-or mi himarutyun:

Art Spander

Zhoghovrdavarutyan gorcogh modelnery ev institutnery zhamanaki voroshaki hatvacum hasarakakan zargacman arag temperi paymannerum anhrazhesht chaphov chen apahovum dra kirarkman bardzr ardyunavetutyuny, usti ev araj e galis zhoghovrdavarutyan iracman karucakargeri sharunakakan barephoxumneri anhrazheshtutyun: Patahakan che, vor ishxanutyunneri nkatmamb dzhgohutyunneri aliqy verjin tasnamyakum tarber erkrnerum hetzhete mecanum e ev zhoghovrdavarutyuny hetevoghakanoren grancum e hetyntac:

Samuel Hantingtoni naxanshac «zhoghovrdavarutyan verjin aliqy[1]» sksvec 1974t.-ic ev tevec mot ereq tasnamyak: Erb ays aliqy sksvec, ankax erkrneri miayn 30% er hamapatasxanum «yntrakan demokratiayi» chaphanishin (hamakarg, vortegh qaghaqacinery hamyndhanur qvearkutyamb yntrum kam phoxarinum en irenc lidernerin kanonavor, azat, ardar ev nshanakali ynrutyunneri mijocov): Hamadzayn Freedom House[2]-i zekuyci ayd ereq tasnamyakum zhoghovrdavarutyuny hetevoghakanoren ardzanagrum er atch nuynisk ayspes kochvac «haraberakan avtoritar» erkrnerum: Hamadzayn ays karuyci koghmic hraparakvogh «azatutyuny ashxarhum» amenamya zekuyci, vory yot balanoc sandghakov (ortegh 1-y amenaazatn e, 7-y: represivy) hashvum e qaghaqakan iravunqnery ev qaghaqaciakan azatutyunnery, ashxarhum azatutyan mijin indeqsy barelavvel e 1974t.-i 4.38-ic hasnelov ir pikin: 2005t.-i 3.22 makardakin: 2006t.-in erkrneri 60%-y hamapatasxanum er «yntrakan demokratiayi» chaphanishin, sakayn verjin tasnerku tarum azatutyan mijin indeqsi cucanishy sharunakakan hetyntac e ardzanagrel: hasnelov 3.3-i: Chi bacarvum, vor sa henc errord aliqi revers (hakadardz) aliqn e, vory bnorosh er zhoghovrdavaracman arajin ev erkrord aliqnerin: Ayspes, verjin tasnamyakum atchel e voch azat erkrneri tivy ev nvazel azat erkrneriny (tes nkarum):

Zargacvacutyan tarber bashxvacutyamb bolor ashxarhamaseric arandznacvac 38 erkrnerum katarac hetazotutyan hamadzayn yndhanur armamb zhoghovrdavarutyan drsevorumic gohunakutyan 46% mijinacvac gnahatakany phoqr inch zijum e dranic dzhgohutyan 52% gnahatakanin (tes nkarum):

Zhoghovrdavarutyan drsevorman aravel mtahogich cucich e handisanum ashxarhov mek ytntrutyunnerin masnakcutyan cucanishi anyndhat nvazumy[3] (hatkapes Evropayum), vory i tivs ayl gorconneri evs vkayum e «hivand» zhoghovrdavarutyan masin (tes nkarum):

Nshvacic bnav chi hetevum, vor zhoghovravarakan ughiov zargacumy sxal e ev ayn uni ayyntranq: Hashvi arnelov, vor zhoghovrdavarutyuny sharunakakan gorcyntac e ev aveli shat utopistakan gaghaphar: dzhvar e pndel, vor ayn hasel e ir zargacman gagatnaketin, ev vor aylevs hnaravor che grancel arajyntac: Iharke, chi kareli naev pndel, vor pakasel e dra nkatmamb kariqy: Aveli havanakan e, vor dra iracman karucakargery hnacac en ev kariq unen metodakan ev gorcnakan canrakshir barephoxumneri:

«Pew Research» kentroni katarvac hetazotutyan hamadzayn[4], nerkayacucchakan ev ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan[5] tesakneric zat qich che naev voch-demokratakan hamarvogh aylyntranqneri nkatmamb hamakrutyunnery, voronq en karavarumy phordzagetneri, uzhegh lideri kam banaki koghmic (tes nkarum):

Nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyunic gohunakutyan makardaky (ory yntanum e azgayin karavarutyunneri nkatmamb vstahutyany hamaqayl) bardzr e harust ev zargacac erkrnerum, isk da paymanavorogh himnakan gorcony krtutyunn e: Inchpes tesnum enq grafikic ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny shat qich e zijum nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyany, ev ays hangamanqn uni ir pattcharnery:

Aknhayt e, vor nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyuny karogh e gorcel miayn voroshaki naxapaymanneri apahovman paragayum, voronc bacakayutyan depqum kaskaci tak e drvum zhoghovrdavarutyan ardyunavetutyan gaghaphary: Nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyan arancq handisacogh hanraqveneri kazmakerpman mexanizmneri ev gorciqakazmi: voghj ashxarhum zargacmany zugaher (yntrakan orensgrqi barephoxumner, mijazgayin ditordakan araqelutyunner, ardyunqneri stuguman metodika ev ayln) Hayastanum aveli er katarelagorcvum dranc shrjancman hnaravorutyunnery, ev yntrakeghcararutyuny hasel er bardzr makardaki: Vorpes dra hetevanq Hayastanum shurj ereq tasnamyak formal arumov haghtac ishxanutyunnery eghel en voch legitim: Ays hangamanqy hangecrec nran, vor ishxanutyunnery hetzhete aveli u aveli heracan zhoghovrdic ev nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyuny gorcum er miayn dzevakan ev voch te bovandakayin tesqov: hastatvac avtoritarizmy qogharkelu hamar: Usti, phastaci, hanraqveneric zat, qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyan masnakcutyuny erkri karavarmany: qaghaqakan uzheri mijocov Hayastanum dardzav xist anardyunavet (erbemn lriv sahmanaphak), ev sa uni ir tramabanakan bacatrutyuny:

1. Ancac shrjanum ishxogh uzhi koghmic varac ishxanutyan monopolacman qaghaqakanutyan tramabanakan hetevanq hadisacav qaghaqakan uzheri hetevoghakan diskreditacian zhoghovrdi gitakcutyan mej: Ishxogh uzhy qaghaqakan dashti ev ishxanutyan total verahskman npatakov steghcum er arbanyakayin ynddimadir qaghaqakan uzher, vorpeszi ir entakayutyan tak paher naev ynddimadir dashty ev iren apahovagrer irakan ynddimutyan nerqo zhoghovrdi hamaxmbumic ev dra ancankali hetevanqneric: Usti patahakan che, vor naev ynddimutyan nkatmamb hiastaphutyuny aroghj qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyan andamneri mot hangecrec ankusakcakanutyan gaghaphari amrapndmany, usti ev erkri karavarmany ev ishxanutyan, ev yndimutyan mijocov: masnakcutyan hnaravorutyunneri sahmanaphakmany:

2. Zhoghovrdi koghmic erkri karavarmany nshanakali masnakcutyan mexanizmy himnakanum naxatesvum e qaghaqakan uzheri mijocov (ankaxutyan hrchakumic i ver AZh-um hetevoghakanoren avelacvel e kusakcakan cucaknerov yntrvac patgamavorneri tivy ev nvazecvel mecamasnakan yntrakargov yntrvacneriny), inchy masnakcutyan cankutyan paragayum qaghaqacineri ankusakcakanutyan dirqoroshman iravunqy sahmanaphakum e: Avelin, avtoritarizmi rezhimum mecamasnakan yntrakargy drsevorvum er mecaharustneri ev taghayin heghinakutyunneri mutqov AZh:

3. Vorpes very nshvac gorconneri hetevanq, ishxanutyan ev yndimutyan nkatmamb anvstahutyuny qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyan andamneri mot araj berec cacr motivacia, inchpes naev antarberutyun (ayn hamozmunqy, vor «mek e ban chi phoxvi»):

4. Hanraqveneri sharunakakan keghcumy ev ardyunqneri karavumy i chiq er dardznum qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyuny yndimutyan veracvelu hnaravorutyuny:

HH-um katarvac heghaphoxutyuny phastaci amragrec sahmanadrutyan karevoraguyn normy, vor ishxanutyuny patkanum e zhoghovrdin: Sakayn, ardyoq sa nshanakum e, vor zhoghovrdi ishxanutyan gorcnakan iracman mexanizmy kam masnakcutyuny erkri karavarmany arden liarzheq e ev bavarar:

Zhoghovrdavarutyan hamyndhanur tchanachum ev gorcacutyun unecogh modeli (nerkayacucchakan) hamadzayn: zhoghovurdy hanraqvei mijocov patvirakum e ir ishxanutyuny qaghaqakan uzherin, voronq petq e artahayten ir kamqy ev yst aydm, karces te zhamanakavorapes «dzerqery lvanum e» erkri karavarman gorcyntacic: Ayninch, nuyn zhoghovrdavarutyan bun bovandakutyuny entadrum e, vor zhoghovurdy: i dems aktiv qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyan, petq e sharunakabar masnakci erkri karavarmany, hatkapes ayn depqum, erb ishxanutyuny obyektiv ev subyektiv pattcharnerov «kghzianum» e zhoghovrdic ev sheghvum e ir naxapes haytararac ughegcic: Formal arumov zhoghovurdy ayd hnaravorutyuny vorosh chaphov uni (hanrayin lsumner, volortayin qnnarkumner hasarakakan kazmakerputyunneri, volorty nerkayacnogh karuycneri, Hanrayin xorhurdi mijocov ev ayln), sakayn ayd gorcakcutyuny «ishxanutyun-zhoghovurd» kapi hamateqstum inch-or chaphov mijnordavorvac e, isk orakargy: kanxoroshvac: Mijnordavorvac e, qani chi kareli miarzheqoren yndunel, vor hasarakakan kazmakerputyunnery ev hanrayin qnnarkumneri volorty nerkayacnogh karuycnery amboghjutyamb en nerkayacnum zhoghovrdin, isk kanxoroshvac e ayn pattcharov, vor grete bolor barephoxumneri naxadzernutyuny galis e ishxanutyunic, ev hakadardz kapy (zhoghovrdic depi ishxanutyun) tuyl e ashxatum: Ete qaghaqakan uzhery ev nrancic kazmvac ishxanutyuny phoxgorcakcutyan tesankyunic bac en, apa ayd kanxoroshvac orakargov mijnordavorvac masnakcutyuny erashxavorvac e, bayc amen depqum bacakayum e ayn ardyunavet mexanizmy, vory parz kerpov hnaravorutyun ktar zhoghovrdi aktiv zangvacin (ory mtahog e erkri tchakatagrov) sephakan naxadzernoghakanutyamb masnakcel erkri karavarmany: Usti, nuynisk azat ev ardar yntrutyunneri anckacumy chi erashxavorum ishxanutyun-zhoghovurd liarzheq, organakan kapi amrutyuny ev hatkapes nerqevic verev anyndhat kapi anxaphan ashxatanqy, qani vor nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyan modely ayd kapi apahovman tesankyunic uni lurj bactoghumner:

Nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyan mek ayl bactoghumneric e naev ayn, vor dra himnakan skzbunqi: ayn e yntrakan gorcyntacum yntroghneri dzayneri havasarutyan arkayutyuny dzevaxeghvum e tarber obyektiv ev subyektiv pattcharnerov, inchpisiq en bnakchutyan socialakan-tntesakan cacr ev tarberakvac makardaky, gorcogh bazmapisi anhavasarutyunnery (tariqayin, krtakan, iravakan, gitakcakan makardakneri tarberutyunnery), xorhrdayin zhamanakneric zharangvac mtacelakerpy, teghekatvutyan ughghordvac propagandan ev ayln:

Ashxarhum arden taracum e gtel naev anhamadzaynutyuny yntroghneri dzayneri havasarutyan tezi veraberyal, dra phoxaren arajadrelov dzayneri kshirneri gaghaphary: Dzayneri kshirnerov yntrutyunneri masnakcutyuny karogh e hashvi arnel aynpisi gorconner, inchpisiq en yntroghneri krtakan ev masnagitakan makardaky, naxkinum yntrutyunnerin masnakcutyan aktivutyuny, qaghaqaciakan iravunqneri veraberyal giteliqneri testavorumy ev ayln[6]: Yst Jeyson Brenani ajajarki[7] petq e nerdrvi karavarman nor hamakarg – epistokratian, vorn e karavarman iravunqi phoxancman hnaravorutyuny qaghaqakan giteliqner unecoghneri koghmic, voronq kazmum en ynrazangvaci mi phoqr masy miayn: Usti, nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyuny, vorpes hanrayin kensagorcuneutyan qaghaqakan kazmakerpman varchakarg, nuynisk ir kataryal vitchakum anzor e zhoghovrdavaracman gorcyntacum apahovel bardzr ardyunqner:

Aghavaghvac nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyuny araj e berum dra bovandakutyan phophoxman anhrazheshtutyun, isk dra iracman dzhvarutyunnery ev texnologiakan zargacman ardyunqum steghcvac entakarucvacqnern u gorciqnery bavarar hnaravorutyun en talis ancum katarel ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan katarelagorcvac modelin:

Ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan mijocov zhoghovurdy chmijnordavorvac eghanakov karoghanum e araj mghel voroshumner, arajnahertutyun tal dranc, arajadrel orenqner, ughghakioren yntrel kam heracnel pashtonyaneri, sksel datavarutyunner ev ayln:

Obyektivoren, ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny aveli taracvac e teghakan ev taracqayin karavarman makardaknerum ev uni drsevorman bavakanin hajogh orinakner: Shvecariayum, Kalifornia nahangum: Ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny ir bovandakutyamb nerarakan e ev tuyl e talis qaghaqaciakan hasarakutyan aktiv andamnerin, intelektual mardkanc, masnagetnerin ev yndhanrapes mtacogh zangvacin handes berel naxadzernoghakanutyun: darnalov phophoxutyunneri ev arajarkutyunneri heghinakner, orensdirner ev yst aydm anughghakioren npastel meritokratiayi[8] hastatmany:

Ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny linum e erku tesak: qaghaqaciakan (nerqevic verev) ev petakan naxadzernutyamb (verevic nerqev): Arajiny ogtagorcvum e qaghaqacineri koghmic tarber hartaknerum storagrahavaqneri kam virtual qvearkutyan tesqov (orinak www. Change.org) hanrayin layn havanutyun stacac harcadrumneri, orensdrakan normeri kam sahmanadrakan barephoxumneri ughghaki kam anughghaki eghanakov arajmghman, inpes naev dranc (kam qaghaqakan gorcichneri) het kanchi npatakov, isk erkrordy: ishxanutyan koghmic iravakan kargavorman ev ayl tesaki voroshumneri veraberyal anckacvogh partadir hanraqveneri tesqov (orinak voreve hamadzaynagri, taracqayin kargavitchaki kam ankaxutyan veraberyal ev ayln):

Aknhayt e, vor nerkayacucchakanin zhoghovrdavarutyan nvazman patkerin zugaher: ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny galis e lracnelu dran: Sakayn, aystegh arajanum en dzhvarutyunner: Nax, anhrazhesht e apahovel nerkayacucchakan zhoghovrdavarutyan hamakargum ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan ardyunqneri nerdrman kam integrman hnaravorutyuny: Aravel mec xndir e ayn, vor ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny uni lurj sahmanaphakumner: apahovelu ir himnakan baghadrichneri (hamyndanur masnakcutyun, qnnarkumneri ev xorhrdakcutyan apahovum, havasarutyan arkayutyun) miazhamanakya hamategh nerkayutyuny: Jeyms Fishkini arajadrac «xorhrdakcayin zhoghovrdavarutyuny» masamb lucum e ays xndiry: qnnarkumnery apahovelov patahakan yntranqov dzevavorvac shahagrgir masnakicneri negh shrjanakum[9]:

Ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan liarzheq drsevorman hamar layn hnaravorutyunner en steghcum internety ev teghekatvakan texnologianery: steghcelov elektronayin zhoghovrdavarutyan himqery: Elektronayin zhoghovrdavarutyuny (e-democracy), vory bolor qaghaqacinerin hnaravorutyun e talis havasarapes masnakcel orenqneri arajadrman, qnnarkman ev steghcman gorcyntacin[10], i zoru e eakanoren bardzracnel erkri vordegrac zhoghovrdavaracman gorcyntaci ardyunavetutyuny:

Naxkin ishxanutyuny elektronayin karavarman hamakargi nerdrman hamateqstum steghcel ein elektronayin zhoghovrdavarutyan gorciqner (orinak e-draft.am kayqy), voronq chen naxatesum very nshvac: zhoghovrdic depi ishxanutyany (nerqevic verev) arajarkneri ev naxadzernutyunneri arajadrum, inchi hetevanqov unen cacr ardyunavetutyun:

Qani vor ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan hamakargy gtnvum e ir kayacman phulum, apa Hayastani hamar naxyntreli e mijazgayin phordzi teghaynacman kam nerdrman phoxaren steghcel ir sephakan modely (ory knerari nerkayacucchakan ev ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyan modelnerum arka teracumneri hnaravor lucumnery ev azgayin arandznahatkutyunnery) ev hetevoghakan kerpov zargacnel ayn: apahovelu ir heghaphoxutyamb nvatchac ughigh zhoghovrdavarutyuny ev dra barephoxman sharunakakanutyuny: