Gevorg Abgaryani Evropakan hayagitakan hetazotutyunnernn arzheqavor en, minch ors chen korel ayd hodvacnerum bardzracvac harceri ardiakanutyuny, inchpisin' zhamanakakic holandakan hayagitutyan arjev caracac arajnahert xndirnern en, Holandiayum pahvogh haykakan dzeragreri, vaveragreri ev ayl nyuteri haytnaberumy, usumnasirutyuny ev hraparakumy։ Yntercoghi ushadrutyann enq nerkayacnum Gevorg Abgaryani 80-akanneri grac hayagitutyuny Holandiayum ev Angliayum hodvacashary:

Gevorg Abgaryan – Hayagitutyuny Holandiayum

(«Sovetakan Hayastan», 1985, tiv 1)

Belgiakan hayagitutyany nvirvac hodvacum («Sovetakan Hayastan», 1984t. N 11) menq arden haytnel enq, vor m. t. chorrord darum Belgia e aycelel Servetios (yst latinakan aghbyurneri) kam Serve (franseren) anunov mi hay, vorn ir baregorcutyunnerov haytni er dardzel naev Holandiayum, vortegh na taghvac e։ Hetaga darerum hay-holandakan haraberutyunnerin veraberogh teghekutyunner minchev xachakrac arshavanqnery, arayzhm haytni chen, erb inchpes Evropayic Arevelq arshavac myus aggery, aynpes el holandacinery aveli motikic canotacan hayerin։
Hayery Kilikiayum tirum ein navagnacutyan hamar harmar jreri, unein nshanavor navahangistner ev covayin hanaparhordutyunner ein katarum depi Evropayi zanazan erkrner, ayd tvum naev: Holandia։ Arevtrakan ayd navarkutyunneric baci haykakan navery Evropa en tarel Kilikyan hayoc tagavorutyan ankman hetevanqov canr paymannerum haytnvac hayeri, vor gaghtecin Kilikiayic Hunastan, Italia, Fransia, Ispania, hasan minchev heravor Holandia։ Aystegh hastatvac hayeri masin bnaguyn teghekutyunnery veraberum en 12-rd darin։

Holandiayi mayraqaghaq Amsterdam aycelac arajin hayerin veraberogh teghekutyunnery grancvac en 1560— 1565 tt., erb hay vatcharakannery Holandia ein berel margarit ev adamand։ Qarasun tari anc, 1605 t. Shah–Abasi koghmic Jughayi brni artagaghtic heto, jughayecineri mi masy gaghtum e Holandia։

Holandakan hayagitutyany npastecin 17-rd darum Amsterdamum himnvac haykakan tparannery, vortegh tpagrvac hayeren grqeri mijocov erkrum canotacan hay gravor mshakuytin։ Aystegh tpagrvac arajin girqy Nerses Shnorhalu «Yisus vordi» poemn er, vory tpagrvec 1661-in tpagrich Matteos Carecu mahic (1660 t.) heto։ Carecu gorcy sharunakec Voskan Erevancin, vorn Ejmiacni handznararutyamb 1664-in gnac Amsterdam ev norovi sksec gorcy։ Na dzulec haykakan nor tarer ev sksec tpagrel «Girq aybubenic, yaghags norek aghayoc ev mankanc ankrtic, naev aranc der evs voch useloc» –y։ Sa hayoc lezvi usucman dzernark er, vory petq e ogtagorcein ashxarhov mek crvac hayery։ Voskani gluxgorcocy, sakayn, 1666-in tpagrac Astvacashunchn er։ 1666—1669 tt. yntacqum Voskany hratarakec 16 girq։ Aynuhetev Holandiayum hrchakvecin tpagrichner Matteos, Ghukas ev Tomas Vanandecinery։ 1695 t. Amsterdamum hratarakvecin haykakan arajin tpagir qartegy («Hamatarac ashxarhacoyc») ev Movses Xorenacu «Hayoc patmutyuny» ։ Verjins hetaga tarinerin taracvec Evropayum ev himq handisacav latineren targmanutyunneri hamar (1733 t. Stokholm, 1736 t. London) ։ Minchev ors el Londoni, Amsterdami, Oqsfordi, Qembriji ev ayl gradarannerum hayagetnern ogtagorcum en Tomas Vanandecu tpagrac grqery։

Vanandecineri tparany Evropayum aynqan er hrchakvel, vor rus car Petros Arajinn Amsterdamum gtnvac tarinerin phoragrutyan arvesty sovorelu hamar dimel e haykakan tparani phoragrich Adrian Skonebekin։ Masnagetneri karciqov Petros Arajinn Amsterdamum canotacel e naev 1695 t. tpagrvac hayeren «Hamatarac ashxarhacoycin», vory hetagayum yndorinakvel ev tpagrvel e ruseren։

Vanandecinerin enq partakan aynpisi mi nshanavor hayaget patrastelu hamar, inchpisin er germanaci Shryodery, vori «Gandz aramean lezuin» ashxatutyuny minchev ors chi korcrel ir gitakan arzheqy, ev vory evropacinery hamarum en haykakan hanragitaran։ Ays grqum usumnasirvac en hayereni cagumn u zargacman yntacqy, hay tpagrutyan patmutyuny, hayoc taghachaphutyuny (grancvac evropakan notanerov), arevelahayereni qerakanutyuny, barbarnery ev ayl xndirner։ Tpagrvac en haykakan bnagrer: latineren targmanutyunnerov։ Evropaci shat hayagetneri hamar naxakrtarani dzernark handisacac ev tpagrakan dzhvarutyunner harucac ays girqy luys e aesel 1711 t. Amsterdamum, holandakan tparanum, vanandecineri tramadrac hayeren tareri ev tparani unecac latineren taranisheri ev notaneri ogtagorcmamb։ Heghinaky hark e hamarel grqi arajabanum ir eraxtagitutyuny haytnel Tomas Goghtnecun ev nra eghborordi Ghukas Nurijanyanin։ Verjinis na hatuk shnorhakalutyun e haytnum: nranic hayeren sovorac linelu hamar։ Ghukasn el ir hertin Shryoderi grqum zeteghel e hayagetin nvirvac mi votanavor, vorum, i dep, na ir ashakerti anun-azganuny (Yohannes Shryoder) nshel e Hovhannes Skoderyan dzevov:

Dzhbaxtabar Shryoderi voch bolor ashxatutyunnern en arzhanacel tpagrvelu baxtin։ Minchev ors antip en mnum hayageti havaqac nyutery, voronq naxatesvac en eghel hayeren-latineren bararani hamar, mi bararan, vori vra hayagetn ashxatel e mot kes dar։ Ays nyuteri sharqum en naev Leyden qaghaqi matenadaranum pahvogh ev hayagitakan hetaqrqrutyan nerkayacnogh shurj ereq tasnyak tpagir ev antip grqer, voronc tvum: 12 hayeren dzeragir։

Holandiayum en pahvum naev fransiaci nshanavor hayaget Lakrozi latineren-hayeren antip bararany ev hayagitakan vorosh grarumner։ Hayageti «Etovpiayi ev Hayastani qristoneutyan patmutyuny» tpagrvel e Amsterdamum 1739 t.։ Aystegh tpagrvac hayagitakan ashxatutyunneric hishatakutyan arzhani en naev angliaci hayagetner P. Rigoti «Huyneri ev hayeri ekeghecineri ardi vitchaky» (1710 t.) ev Z. Hanveyi «Tchanaparhordutyun Londonic depi Rusia Parsic ashxarhov (Hayastan, hayer)» ughegrutyuny (1735 t.) ։ 1747 t. Andenum luys tesav D. Zhoni «Kiprosi, Erusaghemi, Hayastani ev Egiptosi tagavorutyunnery xachakrac oroq» ashxatutyuny, vory karevor skzbnaghbyur e Kilikiayi hayoc tagavorutyan veraberyal։

Holandiayi mayraqaghaqum, inchpes naev Leydenum ev aylur aysor pahvum en naev haykakan dzeragrer, vaveragrer ev ayl phastatghter։ Angliaci arevelaget Rendel Harisy, vory Leydeni hamalsarani dasaxosneric er, ayd hamalsaranin e nvirel 57 dzeragir, voronc vra nra phakcrac pitakneric erevum e, vor dzeragrery bervac en 1895-in avervac u hrkizvac haykakan gyugheric։ Ayspes orinak, dzeragreric mekin kcvac canotagrutyunum angliaci gitnakany grum e. «Urfayi ayrvac ekeghecuc mnacac։ Indz handznec teghi episkoposy։ 1896 tvakan, mayisi 25» ։ Angliakan hayagitutyany nvirvac mer hodvacic arden haytni mek ayl angliaci nshanavor hayaget Frederik Konibiry 1910-in kagmel e Leydeni hamalsarani matenadarani haykakan dzeragreri cucaky, vori avartin, sakayn, xangarec arajin hamashxarhayin paterazmy։ Konibiri gorcy hetagayum sharunakec fransiaci haytni hayaget Frederik Maklery, vory verstin nkaragrel ev hratarakel e hishyal dzeragreri cucaky։ Dzeragreri mej kan shat arzheqavor manrankarchakan matyanner ev hin sharaknocner։ Leydeni hamalsarani matenadaranum haykakan dzeragreric baci pahvum en hayagitakan grqer, hayeren amsagrer։

Holandakan hayagitutyuny harstacrel en naev holandaci tchanaparhordnery, voronq depi Arevelq katarac tchanaparhordutyunneri yntacqum aycelel en Hayastan u hayerov bnakecvac ayl vayrer ev irenc ughegrutyunnerum grancel en patmagitakan arzheq nerkayacnogh karevor teghekutyunner mer zhoghovrdi masin։ Arandznahatuk hetaqrqrutyun e nerkayacnum 17-rd dari holandaci tchanaparhord Yans Yan Streysi ughegrutyuny, vortegh gtnum enq ushagrav tvyalner Erevani ev nra bnakchutyan veraberyal։ Arkacayin kyanq aprac ays holandacu girqy Evropayum shrjum er latineren, franseren, germaneren ev holanderen lezunerov։ Tchanaparhordy Erevanum gtnvel e 1670 t. ev phordzel e miazhamanak nkarel qaghaqy։ Sakayn nra patkerac Erevany chi hamapatasxanum qaghaqi ashxarhagrakan mijavayrin։ Inchpes erevum e, nkarn ardyunq e tchanaparhordutyany hajordac ush zhamanakneri, erb heghinaki hishoghutyan mej haykakan qaghaqi dirqn arden lav cher patkeracvum։ Ughegrutyan hetaqrqir drvagneric e naev tchanaparhordi ev Hromic ekac italaci mi hivand tchgnavori handipumy Ararati lanjin։

Holandakan hratarakutyunnerum hayeri masin teghekutyunner kareli e gtnel voch miayn anmijapes Hayastanin nvirvac ashxatutyunnerum, aylev yndhanur patmutyany, ashxarhagrutyany, azgagrutyany, mshakuytin ev ayl bnagavarneri veraberogh erkerum։ Ayspes orinak, 1625 t. Leydenum tpagrvec arab patmich Elmasini «Sarakinosneri patmutyuny (skzbic minchev 1198t.)» ashxatutyuny Erpaniusi latineren targmanutyamb ev araberen bnagri zugaheo hratarakutyamb։ 1727 t. Amsterdamum tpagrvec Yohan Albert fon Mandelsioyi hndkastanyan ughegrutyan franseren targmanutyuny։ Hratarakichn er Mandelsioyi het miasin Germaniayic Parskastan ugharkvac despanutyan andam Adam Oleariusy, vory mievnuyn tvakanin ev mievnuyn qaghaqum miazhamanak hratarakec naev ir ughegrutyuny, «Tchanaparhordutyun depi Moskva, Tataria ev Parskastan» (hratarakutyuny nvirvac e Daniayi tagavor Fridrix 4-rdin) ։ Shlezvig Holshtayni hercog Fridrixy Oleariusin nshanakel er Moskvayi mec ishxan Mixayil Fyodorovichi ev parsic shahi mot gorcughvac despanutyan arajin qartughar ev xorhrdakan։ Germanaci tchanaparhordy tirapetum er ruserenin u parskerenin ev hajoghutyamb shphvum er ir aycelac erkrneri zhoghovurdnerin։ Ereq tari tevac tchanaparhordutyan yntacqum na gri e arel karevor teghekutyunner naev hayeri masin։ Shurj hazar ejanoc patkerazard grqum na arandzin tegh e hatkacrel 1637 t. hunvari 6-in Shamaxium ir tesac jrorhnergi tonin, vory manramasn nkaragrel e։ Qristonya heghinaky zayruytov e xosum tony caghrogh ayladavanneri masin։ Na aycelel e naev Spahan։ Aystegh teghi e unecel yndharum Hndkastani nerkayacucichneri ev germanakan despanutyan mijev։ Vomanq spanvel en։ Germanacinerin phrkel en hayery, isk spanvac germanacinery taghvel en Spahani haykakan gerezmanocum։

1735 t. Haagayum P. Berzheroni ashxatakcutyamb hratarakvecin Marko Poloyi, Rubruqi, Y. Mandevili ev evropaci mijnadaryan ayl tchanaparhordneri ughegrutyunnery, voronc sharqum e naev Kilikyan hay patmich Hayton hayi (Hetumi) «Patmutyan» franseren bnagiry, vory holanderen e targmanvel derevs 14-rd darum։ Ays Patmutyan heghinaki masin amphoph mi ashxatutyun Amsterdamum tpagrvel e 1666 t.։

Amsterdami haykakan gaghuty nuynpes ir nerdrumn uni hayagitutyan bnagavarum։ Nra patmutyann ays kam ayn chaphov andradardzac gitnakanneric haytni en: Berg, Zh. Bori, M. Hautsma, F. Makler, N. Derover, Y. Vagenaar, Y. Vannerius, Van Emdre ev aylq։ Hatuk ushadrutyan e arzhani Araqel Saruxani «Holandian ev hayery» menagrutyuny, vory tpagrvel e Viennayum 1926 t.։ Vastakashat heghinaky mec janq e taphel holandahay gaghuti patmutyany veraberogh aghbyurnery haytaytelu ev usumnasirelu bnagavarum։ Menagrutyuny veraberum e mec masamb hay-holandakan arevtrakan kaperin ev gaghuti patmutyany minchev 1926 t.։ Hayerin andradardzel e naev holandakan mamuly։ Ayspes orinak, Amsterdami qaghaqayin terty (De Amsterdamer) 1887 t. ogostosi 14-i hamarum grum e. «Hay hamaynqi patmutyuny mi voskya ej e Amsterdam qaghaqi grqum» ։ Holandahay hamaynqn aysor el gorcum e ev shahum holandacineri hamakranqy։

Holandian antarber chi mnacel naev yndhanur hay kyanqi nkatmamb։ 1899-in Amsterdamum hratarakvec Minas Cherazi «Xaghaghutyan konferansy ev hayoc kotoracy» ashxatutyuny, isk 1918-in Harlemum: «Niderlandneri haykakan komitei» hashvetvutyuny։ Holandiayum parberabar gumarvac arevelagitakan hamazhoghovnerin masnakcel en naev hayery։ 1904 t. Leydenum kayacac hamazhoghovum H. Araqelyany handes ekav «Hayoc haraberutyunnern Arevmutqi het mijnadarum ev heto» zekucmamb, vory nuyn tvakanin tpagrvec Leydenum։ Aystegh nuyn tvakanin luys tesav germanaci hayaget Y. Karsti «Shphman keter hognakin kazmelu bnagavarum hayereni ev kovkasyan lezuneri mijev» ։ Holandacinery hayerin tegh en hatkacrel naev irenc hanragitarannerum, voroncic mekum («Islami hanragitaran», Leyden, 1913 t.) zeteghvac e M. Shtreqi «Hayastan» hodvacy։ Hanragitarannerum bazmativ hayagitakan hodvacner e tpagrel naev Udenriyny, vori masin hangamanoren kxosenq qich heto։

1911 t. Leydeni niderlandakan azgagrakan tangarani avandapah nshanakvec germanaci hanratchanach arevelaget ev hayaget Yozef Markvarty, vory miazhamanak dasavandum er hamalsaranum ev qaj teghyak linelov hayoc patmutyann u matenagrutyany, ir dasaxosutyunneri yntacqum aritn ogtagorcum er miazhamanak evropaci usanoghneri mej hetaqrqrutyun arajacnelu hayagitutyan nkatmamb։

1918-in Holandiayum bnakutyun hastatec hay zhoghovrdi canr oreri akanates Yohan Lephsiusy, vory hayasirakan gorcuneutyan hamar Germaniayum hamarvel er ancankali andz ev harkadrvel er toghnel hayreniqy։ Nor bnakavayrum na sharunakum er gorcaneutyuny, vory bnakanabar arnchvum er naev hayagitutyany։ Aystegh na kaper hastatec angliaci ev skandinavci hasarakakan gorcichneri het: i npast hayeri։ Holandakan shrjanin e veraberum nra ev angliaci petakan gorcich lord Braysi hamagorcakcutyuny (verjins haytni e Arnold Toynbii het miasin hratarakac «Hayeri nkatmamb verabermunqy Osmanyan kaysrutyunum» Kapuyt grqi hratarakutyamb) ։

Qsanerord dari holandakan hayagitutyan amenanshanavor nerkayacucichn e Mark Antuan van den Udenriyny (1890—1962 tt.) ։ Bazmavastak hayageti gitakan gorcuneutyunn yntacel e inchpes hayreniqum, aynpes el drsum։ 1929—1957 tt. na eghel e Friburgi (Shveycaria) hamalsarani dasaxos։ Aynuhetev Italiayum dasaxosel e Hromi mi sharq usumnakan hastatutyunnerum ev Venetiki Mxitaryan tchemaranum։ Latineren, angleren, holanderen, germaneren, franseren, hayeren ev ayl lezunerov nra grac 430 usumnasirutyunneric mot 200-y veraberum e hayagitutyany։ Sranq hratarakvel en Holandiayum, Shveycariayum, evropakan ayl erkrnerum ev Amerikayum։ Ashxatutyunnery veraberum en mer patmutyan ev mshakuyti grete bolor bnagavaonerin։ Germaniayum, Holandiayum ev Shveycariayum hratarakvac mi sharq heghinakavor hanragitarannerum na tpagrel e shurj 130 hodvac: nvirvac hayoc patmutyany, matenagrutyany, mshakuytin, mijnadaryan dprutyany, hay nshanavor gorcichnerin։ Zbaghvel e hayeren grabar bnagreri latineren targmanutyamb, arandzin menagrutyunner e nvirel Mxitaryan miabanutyan gitakan gorcuneutyany (Venetik, 1940 t.), hay mijnadaryan grakanutyany (Bern, 1960 t.) ev ayl bnagavarneri։ Usumnasirel e Nikoziayum (Kipros), Leydenum, Berlinum ev aylur pahvogh haykakan dzeragrery, graxosakannerov ardzaganqel e hay gitakan kyanqin, voronel ev gtel e otar erkrnerum aprac hay gorcichneri veraberyal teghekutyunner։ Leydeni 18-rd arevelagitakan hamazhoghovum (1932 t.) handes e ekel hayagitakan zekucumov, hodvacner e tpagrel Viennayi «Handes amsoryayum» ։

Holandaci hayagetnerin hayereni voaucmamb haytni e naev Hromi Arevelyan instituti tnoreni ev Beyruti hamalsarani dasaxosi pashtonner varac Peter Hans Kolven, vory hayerenic baci tirapetum e naev ruserenin ev evropakan mi sharq lezuneri։

Holandiayum aysor el gorcum en hayagitakan dasyntacner, voronq, i shars myus masnagetneri, parberabar varum e naev Mayql Stouny, vory himnakanum dasaxosam e Erusaghemi hamalsaranum, inchpes naev amerikyan hamalsarannerum։ Na heghinak e hayagitakan bazmativ ashxatutyunneri, voroncic en naev Sinayum nra haytnaberac hayeren hnaguyn ardzanagrutyunnerin nvirvac usumnasirutyunnery։ Na miazhamanak zbaghvum e Amerikayi ev Evropayi gradarannerum ev tangarannerum pahvogh haykakan dzeragreri usumnasirutyamb։ Nra patrastac eritasard hayagetneric xostumnalic en shotlandaci Piter Qaun, holandaci Y. S. Vaytenbergy ev urishner, voronq hetazotutyunner en katarel naev Mesrop Mashtoci anvan matenadaranum։ Nranc usumnasirutyunneri volortum en masnavorapes hunarenic, asorerenic ev latinerenic katarvac hin haykakan targmanutyunnery։

Zhamanakakic holandakan hayagitutyan arjev caracac arajnahert xndirneric e Holandiayum pahvogh haykakan dzeragreri, vaveragreri ev ayl nyuteri haytnaberumy, usumnasirutyuny ev hraparakumy։

Hayagitutyuny Angliayum

GEVVoRG ABGARYAN
Sovetakan Hayastan, 1982t., tiv 10

Ete haravayin Evropayum hayeri veraberyal gravor teghekutyunner kareli e gtnel mer tvakanutyany naxordac haryuramyaknerum, apa hyusisayin Evropayi erkrnerum hayatchanachutyunn sksvum e shat aveli ush zhamanaknerum։ Masnavorapes Angliayum Hayastany haytni darnalu amenahnaravor zhamanaky kareli e hamarel ayd erkrum qristoneutyan taracmany (8-rd dar) hajordac zhamanakashrjany։ Qristoneutyan mijocov Evropa taphancac arajin araspelneric meky Noyi tapani masin araspeln e, vory patmvum e qristoneutyann amenureq ughekcogh Cnndoc grqum։ Yst ayd araspeli: mardkutyuny hamashxarhayin jrhegheghic phrkvel e Araratyan erkrum։

Voroshaki tvyalneri bacakayutyan pattcharov ayzhm chenq karogh asel, te bun Angliayum erbeve gcvac ashxarhagrakan qartezneri vra erbvanic en sksel Noyi tapani ijevanateghin nshel Hayastanum։ Britanakan tangaranum (London) pahvogh mez haytni amenahin qartezy, vori vra mer erkiry nshvac e vorpes mardkutyan phrkutyan vayr, latineren mi magaghatya qartez e։ Tangarani «Ottonyan» kochvogh havaqacuum gtnvogh ayd qartezy gcvac e m. t. 10-rd darum։ Kazmoghi anuny, azganuny ev te qartezy erb e haytnvel Britanakan tangaranum: haytni chen։ Angliakan hayagitutyann ayd hazvagyut hushardzany veraberum e ayevqanov, vorqanov vor pahvum e angliakan tangaranum ev carayum e vorpes aghbyur naev Hayastani patmakan ashxarhagrutyan veraberyal։

Haytni e, sakayn, vor Britanakan tangaranum pahvum en naev aynpisi hnutyunner, voronq bun Angliayum chen steghcvel ev havaqvac en amenatarber vayreric։ Dranc tvum en, orinak, ancyal dari arajin kesin Britanakan tangaran mutq gorcac egiptakan 9 tankarzheq papirusner, voronq zhamanakin haytnaberel, gnel ev tangaranin e vatcharel Shvediayi ev Norvegiayi geraguyn hyupatosy Egiptosum։ Ays bardzr pashtonyan voch ayl voq e, qan damaskosci hay harust vatcharakani yntaniqum 1770 t. cnvac ev hnutyunneri nkatmamb mec
harganqov u hetaqrqrutyamb hamakvac mi shnorhali divanaget, vory 31 tarekanic sksac handes e ekel Jovanni Anastazi anvamb։ Verjinis irakan haykakan anuny dzhbaxtabar chi grancvac evropakan mi sharq tangarannerum nranic stacvac egiptakan bazmativ hnutyunnerin veraberogh phastatghteric ev voch mekum։ Egiptosum hrchakvac hayi divanagitakan gorcuneutyany nvirvac vaveragrerum nuynpes chi pahpanvel nra haykakan anuny։ Sakayn ayn phasty, vor Britanakan tangarany papirusnerov harstacnoghy azgutyamb hay e, koghmnakioren veraberum e hay-angliakan kaperin։

Angliayum hayatchanachman masin vkayogh anmijakan ev voroshaki phast e Herefordyan tatcharum (arevmtyan Anglia) pahvogh mi qartez, vory gcvac e 14-rd darum ev cuyc e talis, vor angliacinery derevs xor mijnadarum canot en eghel Hayastanin։ Mievnuyn darum kazmvac mek ayl qartez pahpanvel e Ranulphus Hideni «Poliqronikon» kochvogh zhamanakagrutyany kic։ Dardzyal Britanakan tangaranum pahvogh suyn qartezi vra nuynpes Hayastany nshvac e i shars mijnadarum haytni eghac sakavativ nshanavor erkrneri։ Hay-angliakan haraberutyunneri mijnadaryan shrjanin veraberogh ughghaki phast e naev ayn, vor 14-15-rd darerum latinerenic anglereni e targmanvel kilikyan haykakan petutyan nshanavor gorcichneric meki: sparapet ev patmich Hetumi grac Arevelqi patmutyuny։ Evropayum «Hayton Hay» anvamb hrchakvac ays patmichi erki hin franseren targmanutyuny parunakogh magaghatya matyany nuynpes pahvum e Britanakan tangaranum։ Ayn vnasvec 1731 t. Londonum cagac mec hrdehi zhamanak։ Kisov chaph ayrvac ayd matyanic baci Angliayum pahvum en naev kilikyan hay tagavorneri mi qani hrovartakner ev artonagrer: ughghvac evropakan zanazan qaghaqneri։

Mez haytni angliaci arajin tchanaparhordy, vor 1581 t. eghel e Hayastanum ev gri arel ir tpavorutyunnery, Niphrin e։ Hajordy: Jon Qartraydy, 1600 t. eghel e Vanum ev Bagheshum։ Aveli ush, 1669 t. Londonum hratarakvec E. Kastelosi yotlezvyan bararany, vorum tegh en gtel naev hayeren barer։ 1686-in tpagrvec fransiaci tchanaparhord Zhan Shardeni «Ughegrutyuny», angleren targmanutyamb։ Heghinaky 1673 t. aycelel e Bjni, Ejmiacin, Erevan, voronc masin haytnum e hetaqrqir teghekutyunner։

Oqsfordi Hanrayin gradarani (ayzhm: Bodleyan gradaran) phoxtnoren Tomas Hernin 1707 t. mayisi 24-in gri arac ir oragrum haytnum e, vor ayd orn Amsterdamic Oqsford en zhamanel erku patvavor hayer: Tovmas Vanandecin ev Ghukas Nurijanyany։ Oragrayin grancman hamadzayn: hyureric arajiny 90 tarekan er ev Oqsfordi gradaranin handznec Holandiayum ir tpac hayeren grqeri mi havaqacu, vori kazmum ein naev hayeren arajin tpagir qartezy ev Movses Xorenacu «Hayoc patmutyan» andranik hratarakutyuny, tpagrvac 1695 t.։ Hnaravor e, vor hay tpagrutyan ays mec eraxtavory 90 tarekan hasakum Lamanshy hatelov ev Anglia hasnelov: miazhamanak npatak e unecel ays erkrum tparan himnelu ev hayagitutyamb zbaghvoghner gtnelu: Haytni e, vor na ev ir hayrenakicnery Amsterdamum kaper ein hastatel germanaci nshanavor philisopha Laybnici ev arevelaget Yohan Shroyderi het, voroncic erkrordy sovorec hayoc lezun, dardzav hayaget ev 1711 t. tpagrec hayerenin nvirvac «Gandz aramyan lezvin» ashxatutyuny։

Tovmas Vanandecu oqsfordyan gorcuneutyuny hishatakutyan arzhani e hatkapes ayn pattcharov, vor nra Anglia berac grqern azdak handisacan Angliayum hayagitutyamb zbaghvelun։ Haytni e, te vorqan dzhvar e otarazgi ayn gitnakanneri vitchaky, voronq irenc erkrneri gradarannerum chen karoghanum gtnel Hayastanin veraberogh nyuter ev erbemn henc ayd pattcharov dadarum en hayagitutyamb zbaghveluc։ Ays tesaketic Tomas Vanandecu Anglia berac grqern angnahateli carayutyun matucecin angliaci mecanun hayagetner Gevorg ev Gulyam (Jorj ev Uilyam) Viston eghbayrnerin, voronq 18-rd dari arajin kesin sovorecin mer lezun ev grabaric latinereni targmanecin henc Tovmas Vanandecu Amsterdamum hratarakac Xorenacu «Hayoc patmutyuny» ։ Suyn targmanutyamb himq drvec angliakan hayagitutyany։ 1736 t. Londonum hraparakvac ayd targmanutyan het miasin mievnuyn hatorum geteghvac en «Hayoc patmutyan» hayeren bnagiry, inchpes naev Anania Shirakacun veragrvogh «Ashxarhacuycy» ev hay matenagrutyan ayl nmushner:

Viston eghbayrneri hayagitutyany matucac carayutyuny miayn nshvacov chi sahmanaphakvum։ Fransiaci hayaget La Krozin ughghvac mi sharq namaknerum, grvac 1726—1735 tt., nranq qnnarkel en hayagitakan aylevayl harcer Hin u Nor ktakaranneri hayeren targmanutyan, Movses Xorenacu ev ayl matenagirneri erkeri veraberyal։ La Krozy evropacineric arajinn er, vor karciq haytnec, te Xorenacin aprel e 9—10-rd darerum։ Gevorg Vistony 1735 t. hunisi 19-in nran hasceagrvac namakum grum e. «Xorenacin aprel e 5-rd darum ev chka voreve pattchar nran hetaga darery teghaphoxelu hamar» ։ Hayaser eghbayrnery xist qnnadatel en Xorenacu erky Evropayum teragnahatoghnerin, nranc anvanelov «bolorovin angraget mardik» ։ 1730 t. namakum Gevorg Vistony haytnum e, vor Xorenacu erky ev «Ashxarhacuycy» hraparakelu npatakn e: Evropayum hayagitutyan nkatmamb hetaqrqrutyun arajacnely ev naev urish grqer hraparak hanelu hamar dur banaly։ Ev, hiravi, nranc hratarakutyunnery hay matenagrutyan ev hayoc patmutyan vra hravirecin voch miayn Angliayi, aylev arhasarak Evropayi ushadrutyuny ev handisacan evropakan yndhanur hayagitutyan himnadir hatornery։

Vistonneri aprac darum Angliayum haykakan tparan himnelu ev hayeren grqer hratarakelu npatakov London er meknel naev Grigor Xaldarency։ Na mayraqaghaqi arajnakarg arhestanocnerum patrastec hayeren tarer ev 1780 t. hratarakec Nerses Shnorhalu «Havatov xostovanimqy», vory hetagayum targmanvec ashxarhi 36 lezunerov։

Angliakan hayagitutyan patmutyan mej ir arzheqavor teghn uni naev Lord Jorj Bayrony։ Na hayereni ir usucich Harutyun Avgeryani het miasin 1816 t. kazmec ev hetaga tarinerin hratarakec qerakanutyan erku dzernark, meky: angleren qerakanutyun hayeri hamar, myusy: hayeren qerakanutyun angliacineri hamar։ Arajiny 1817 t. luys tesav miayn Harutyun Avgeryani storagrutyamb, isk erkrordn ir vra krum e naev Bayroni anuny (1832 t.) ։ Ays erku qerakanakan ashxatutyunnery hishatakum e naev inqy: Bayrony «Caqucriv mtqer» xoragiry krogh ir grqum։ Aystegh kardum enq. «Im usucichy, hayr Paskal Oshery (ori hamar es, i dep, kazmel em hayereni ev anglereni erku qerakanutyunneri mec masy), indz havastiacnum er, vor erkrayin draxty anpayman gtnvel e Hayastanum» ։ Ays xosqery es qaghel em Bayroni erkeri 1981 t. Moskvayum hratarakvac ruseren targmanutyan errord hatoric։ Aritic ogtvelov, kamenum em ushadrutyun hravirel «Paskal Osher» anvanadzevi vra, vorov Bayrony kochel e ir usucchin։ Sa ayl ban che, qan hayeren «Harutyun Avgeryan» anun-azganvan targmanutyuny, vorov hatchax handes er galis Bayroni hay usucichy, erb ir ashxatutyunnery hratarakum er otar lezunerov: «Caqucriv mtqeri» hishyal hratarakutyan mej yntercoghn ayd masin voreve canotagrutyun chgtnelov: haziv te krahi, vor Paskal Oshery ev Harutyun Avgeryany mievnuyn andznavorutyunn e։

Verohishyal erku qerakanakan dzernarknern el tpagrvel en Bayroni caxserov։ Venetiki Mxitaryan matenadaranum pahvogh divanakan vaveragreric imanum enq, vor angliaci mec banasteghcy mtadrutyun e unecel hayerenic anglereni targmanel hay matenagrutyan vorosh hushardzanner, dranc tvum naev Evsebios Kesaracu «Qronikony», vori hunaren bnagiry anhet korel e ev hin hayeren targmanutyunn ayzhm phoxarinum e bnagrin։ Tomas Morin ughghac 1816 t. dektemberi 5-i namakum na hiacmunqov e xosum Venetiki haykakan matenadaranum pahvogh dzeragreri ev nranc hamashxarhayin nshanakutyan masin։ Nra ushadrutyuny gravel en naev Movses Xorenacu ev Nerses Lambronacu erkery, inchpes naev Aleqsandr Makedonacu patmutyan hin hayeren targmanutyuny։ Arajin erku erkeric na anglereni e targmanel vorosh nmushner, isk errordy targmanelu mtadrutyuny mnacel e ankatar։

Baci hayeren sovoreluc, qerakanutyunner kazmeluc ev targmanutyunner katareluc, Bayrony zbaghvel e naev hay matenagrutyan ev mshakuyti propagandmamb։ 1818 t. hunvari 27-in na Italiayic Anglia, Tomas Morin ugharkum e Venetiki haykakan kghzum nuyn tvakanin tpagrutyan yntacqum gtnvac Evsebios Kesaracu «Qronikoni» haytagri 6 orinak ev xndrum taracel Angliayum։ Dranic mek tari araj: 1817 t. hunvari 2-in na ir barekamin harcnum e, te na, ardyoq, cher karoghana gnel ev taracel ir ev Harutyun Avgeryani hratarakac qerakanutyan dzernarki 40—50 orinak։ Nuyn namakum na hetaqrqrvum e Viston eghbayrneri 1736 t. ogtagorcac haykakan tpagrakan taranisherov ev harcnum, te Oqsfordum kam Qembrijum hnaravor che nman taranisher dzerq berel։

Bayroni venetikyan tarinerin hajordac zhamanakashrjanum Angliayum luys tesac hayagitakan gorceric arajiny kkamenayi hishatakel germanaci ashxarhahrchak philisopha Hegeli ashakert ev voch pakas haytni gitnakan, evropakan mi qani akademianeri ev gitakan ynkerutyunneri andam Karl Fridrix Noymani 1830 t. Londonum hratarakac Eghishei «Vardananc patmutyan» angleren targmanutyuny։ Hetagayum ayn durs ekav Angliayi sahmanneric ev hratarakvec naev Amerikayum։

19-rd darum hayagitakan hetaqrqrutyun nerkayacnogh gorcerov handes en ekel naev mi sharq ayl gitnakanner, V. Aynsvort, R. Gurco, E. Smit, H. Ravlinson, A. Seys, E. Hinqs, S. Malan, H. Layfut, J. Brays, E. F. Fortesku, V. Horton ev urishner։

Anhat gitnakanneric baci hayagitakan gorcuneutyun en cavalel naev angliakan zanazan gitakan ynkerutyunner: Ayspes, orinak, Londoni banasirakan ynkerutyuny parberabar tegh e hatkacrel Hayastanin veraberogh zekucumneri։ 1877 t. mayisi 18-i nstashrjanum hay matenagrutyan veraberyal zekucmamb handes e ekel hanrahayt lezvaban Haynrix Hyubshmany, vory hravirvel er Germaniayic ev vori usumnasirutyuny nshvac tvakanin hratarakvec Londonum։

Aveli ush zhamanaknerum zekucumner en kardacel naev A. Shrumpfy ev urishner։ 1880 t. Londoni arquni qolejin kic himnvum e hayoc lezvi dasavandman ambion։ Angleren ev franseren hratarakvogh ir parberakanum A. Shrumpfy 1890-in hraparakum e «Hayagitutyuny Evropayum» hodvacashary, vory krknaki targmanvel e hayeren (Tiflisum ev Venetikum), isk 1895 t. hayeren veramshakvac xmbagrutyamb, arandzin grqov hratarakvel e G. Zarbhanalyani janqerov, Venetikum։

20-rd darn angliakan hayagitutyan andastanum sksvec 1901 t. Londonum luys tesac Henri Linchi «Hayastan» stvaracaval menagrutyamb։ Ays grqi humanist heghinaky 1893—1894 ev 1898 tt. tchanaparhordel e Hayastanov ev havaqel manramasn teghekutyunner mer erkri ev nra bnakichneri masin։ Na eghel e Erevanum, Ejmiacnum, Anium, Karsum, Vanum, Aghtamarum, Bagheghum, Mushum, Karinum, Trapizonum։ Nshvac vayreri tchartarapetakan hushardzanneri kapakcutyamb na arel e karevor ditoghutyunner։ Andradardzel e hayoc azgagrutyany, banahyusutyany, davananqin, bnutyany, ashxarhagrutyany, qaghaqakan kacutyany ev kyanqi u mshakuyti ayl bnagavarneri։ Na ir mayrakan tatic (ory hayuhi er) zharangel er hayasirutyun ev linelov angliakan parlamenti andam, hatchax eluyt e unecel i pashtpanutyun haykakan dati։ «Hayastan» grqum na qnnadatum e carakan ev turqakan ishxanutyunneri azgayin xtrakanutyan qaghaqakanutyuny hayoc lezvi ev kroni nkatmamb։

Hayastanum bazmaki tchanaparhordutyunner e katarel (1888—1891 tt.) naev Britanakan akademiayi andam F. Konibery, vorin kareli e hamarel 19-rd dari verji ev 20-rd dari skzbi angliakan hayagitutyan gagaty։ Nran e patkanum 1910 t. luys tesac Britanakan hanragitarani 2-rd hatorum hayoc lezvin u grakanutyany nvirvac yndardzak hodvacy, voric ogtvel ev ogtvum en tarber erkrnerum aprogh milionavor yntercoghner։ Ejmiacnum gtnvac zhamanak na usumnasirel e matenadarani haykakan dzeragrery ev haytnaberel mi sharq norutyunner։ Nra usumnasirutyan ararkan en handisacel hay targmanakan matenagrutyan andranik hushardzannery, Astvacashnchi, Aristoteli, Platoni, Philoni ev ayloc erkeri targmanutyunnery, Davit Anhaghti, Movses Xorenacu, Eghishei, Anania Shirakacu, Movses Kaghankatvacu, Vardan Aygekcu ev ayloc erkery։ Zbaghvel e haykakan aghandneri ev ekeghecakan ceseri usumnasirutyamb։ Anglereni e targmanel vorosh gorcer, voroncic en naev Xikar imastuni araknery։ Hratarakel e Philoni erkeric meki hin hayeren targmanutyuny։ Venetiki Mxitaryan matenadarany, bardzr gnahatelov Koniberi hayagitakan vastaky, nran yntrel e gitakan miabanutyan andam։

Koniberi mahic (1924 t.) heto, minchev erkrord hamashxarhayin paterazmn ynkac zhamanakashrjanum Angliayum luys tesan mi sharq dzeragracucakner ev dzeragragitakan ashxatutyunner, voroncum xosvum e naev haykakan dzeragreri masin, inchpes naev mi qani angleren parberakanner («Hayery», «Masis», «Hayeri barekamner») ։

Hayagitakan hetaqrqrutyun nerkayacnogh nyuter kareli e gtnel naev Londoni ev Qembriji hamalsaranneri dasaxos v. F. Minorsku ashxatutyunnerum։ Rus hanachvac arevelagety 1903 t. avartel e Moskvayi Lazaryan tchemarany ev qaj canot er hayerin։ Fransiayum bnakvelu tarinerin (1919—1932) na sharunakum er kap pahpanel evropaci hayagetneri het, tghtakcum er Pharizum hratarakvogh «Haykakan usmanc handes» fransiakan gitakan parberakanin։ Mec Britaniayum gtnvac zhamanak (1932—1966) na Londoni ev Qembriji hamalsarannerum kardacac dasaxosutyunneri yntacqum zanazan aritnerov andradardzel e hayerin։ Nra tpagir usumnasirutyunnerum gtnum enq Anii patmutyany, Dvin ev ayl teghanunnerin, Phavstos Buzandi, Movses Xorenacu, Stephanos Orbelyani erkerin, Hovseph Orbelu Anii peghumnerin veraberogh ashxatutyany ev mi sharq ayl ararkaneri nvirvac arzheqavor ditoghutyunner u teghekutyunner: 1930 t. na hratarakec germanaci nshanavor hayaget Yozef Markvarti ashxatutyunneri liakatar matenagitutyuny, vorum yndgrkvac en bazmativ hayagitakan ashxatutyunner։ Minorskun enq partakan naev Markvarti «Parskahayq» antip ashxatutyan pahpanman hamar։ Patmakan Hayastani ashxarhagrutyany nvirvac suyn usumnasirutyuny pahvum e Hromum։ Minorskin ayn stacel er italaci arevelaget Juzeppe Messinayic, vory Markvarti mahic heto hratarakel er nra erku antip gorcery ev rus arevelagetin er ugharkel naev errord gorcy: hratarakelu hamar։ Minorskin hetagayum ays karevor ashxatutyuny nvirec Hayastanin, ev ayn hratarakvec hayeren targmanutyamb (1961 t), isk aveli ush: Pharizum, franseren targmanutyamb (1964 t.) ։ Minorskin 1960 t. ogostosin eghav Hayastanum, aycelec Matenadaran ev gitakan ayl himnarkner։

Erkrord hamashxarhayin paterazmic heto Angliayum hayagitutyamb zbaghvogh gitnakanneric amenanshanavory Londoni Arevelagitakan ev afrikyan usmanc bardzraguyn dproci dasaxos Charlz Dausetn e։ Ays dprocum hayereni dasyntacnery vareluc baci na zbaghvum e naev hay matenagirneri, dzeragreri, mijnadaryan arvesti hetazotutyamb։ Anglereni e targmanel Movses Dasxurancu (Kaghankatvacu) «Patmutiւn Aghuanic» –y ev Davit Alavka Vordu «Xratq kanonakanq» –y։ Arandzin usumnasirutyun e nvirel qyotahiahayeri arhestagorcutyann u arvestin, qnnel e Eznik Koghbacu teghekutyunnery qaghdeaci astghagetneri masin, usumnasirel e Bodleyan gradaranum pahvogh: Stephanos patriarqi «Saghmosarani» hishatakarany։ Katarel e hayeren bareri stugabanutyunner, voaumnasirutyunner e grel ayzhm Britanakan tangaranum pahvogh 1652 t. «Haysmavurqi», Lisabonum pahvogh 1687 t. voskya tapanaki ev haykakan manrankarneri u zardarvesti nmushneri masin։ 1962-i ashnany eghel e Hayastanum, usumnasirel Matenadarani dzeragrery։ Pharizi «Haykakan usmanc handesum» na 1980 t. hraparakec grabarov sharadrvac mi chaphaco dzon: nvirvac Qembriji hamalsarani 80-amya dasaxos Harold Beyliin։ Verjins iranagitakan dasaxosutyunnerum ev tpagir ashxatutyunnerum arit e unecel ays kam ayn aritov andradarnalu mer patmutyann u hayeren bareri qnnutyany։

Ayzhm Angliayum hayagitakan dasyntacner en gorcum Arevelagitakan ev afrikyan usmanc dprocum, Londoni hamalsarani kovkasagitakan kentroni haykakan bazhnum, Oqsfordi ev Qembriji hamalsarannerum։

1980 t. Londonum hratarakvec Britanakan, Bodleyan ev Vadhemyan gradarannerum pahvogh haykakan hnatip grqeri cucaky, vorn yndgrkum e hay tpagrutyan patmutyany veraberogh mi sharq hratarakutyunneri veraberyal hazvagyut tvyalner։ Nshvac vayrum pahvum en hay arajin tpagir grqic sksac minchev 1850 t. tpagrvac shurj 6000 grqer, voronq ogtagorcvel en angliaci hayagetneri koghmic։ 1913 t. Konibery hratarakec Britanakan tangaranum pahvogh 149 haykakan dzeragreri cucaky։ 1918 t. tpagrvec Oqsfordi Bodleyan gradarani 124 haykakan dzeragreri cucaky։ 1970 t. D. Longy tpagrec «Hayastan. qaghaqakrtutyan orran» girqy, vorov angliaci zhamanakakic yntercoghy canotanum e mer erkri ancyalin u nerkayin։

Hayagitakan ashxatanqnern Angliayum sharunakvum en։

Gevorg Vahagni (Varagi) Abgaryan (1920, septemberi 14 - 1998, mayisi 15), hay banaser, patmaban, grakanaget, dzeragraget, aghbyuraget, targmanich, banasirakan gitutyunneri doktor, XSHM groghneri miutyan andam 1985-ic։

Cnvel e Horom (ayzhm: Shiraki marz) gyughum։ Mijnakarg krtutyunn stacel e Ejmiacnum ev Leninakanum։ 1937-41-in sovorel e Erevani hamalsarani patmutyan fakultetum։ Masnakcel e Hayrenakan mec paterazmin։ Paterazmic heto veryndunvel e hamalsaran ev ayn avartel 1946-in։ Apa sovorel e HXSH GA Manuk Abeghyani anvan grakanutyan instituti aspiranturayum։ 1940-ic (orosh yndmijumnerov) ashxatum e Mesrop Mashtoci anvan Matenadarani bnagreri usumnasirutyan ev hratarakutyan bazhnum։ 1965-in «Sebeosi patmutyuny ev Ananuni areghcvacy» temayov teknacuakan disertacia e pashtpanel, vori hamar nran miangamic shnorhvel e doktori astitchan։ 1975-76-in hay targmanakan matenagrutyan patmutyun e dasavandel Erevani hamalsaranum։
Gevorg Abgaryani ashxatutyunnery nvirvac en hay mijnadaryan grakanutyany, dzeragragitutyany, hay-hunakan, hay-vracakan, hay-slavonakan, hay-fransiakan, hay-germanakan matenagrakan arnchutyunnerin, evropakan hayagitutyan patmutyany։ Gitakan hratarakutyan e patrastel huyn matenagir Evsebios Kesaracu «Qronikon» -i grabar ev germaneren targmanutyunnery, Phavstos Buzandi «Hayoc patmutyuny», Sebeosi patmutyan grabar bnagiry, mijnadaryan ardzaki nmushner։
Kazmel e «Haykakan aghbyurnery Abxaziayi ev abxazneri masin» ruseren zhoghovacun։
Germanerenic hayeren e targmanel Yo. Markvarti, Hans Valter Poli, Linos Benakisi ev ayloc hayagitakan usumnasirutyunnery։ Nra «Matenadaran» girqy luys e tesel ruseren, angleren (Erevan, 1962) ev leheren (Varshava, 1965) ։