Arajaban

I. Hay azatagrakan legendy

1. Nerses Partevi tesliqy

Tesilqi skzbnaghbyurnery: Mesrop ereci grac varqy: Keghc Metodiosi hayacumy: Dzevavorvogh legendi patmakan hangamanqnery: Hayeri aknkalutyunnery Byugandiayic: Nranc husaxabutyunneri nstvacqy Nersesi varqagrutyan mej: Varqagrutyan nor varianty: Xachakrac arshavanqneri andradardzumy veraxmbagrvac tesilqi mej:

XVIII dari lusabacin, 1701 tvakanin, Petros Mecin ughghac latinagir mi tghtum Israyel Orin haytnum er.

«Chem kaskacum, haytni e Dzerd mecutyan, vor zhamanakin Hayastanum eghel en tagavor ev qristonya ishxanner։ Sranc anmiabanutyan pattcharov amboghj Hayastani tagavorutyunn ynkav hetanosneri ishxanutyan tak։ Erku haryur ev hisun taruc aveli e, vor qristonya amboghj ayd ashxarhy hevum e anhavatneri lci tak։ Ւnchpes Adami vordinerr huysov spasum en Mesiayi galustin, vory piti azati nranc haverzhakan korstic, aynpes el tshvar ayd zhoghovurdn e aprel ev hima isk aprum e Dzerd mecutyan dzerntvutyan ev ozhandakutyan husov։ Aydpes naxagushakel en margarenery, te zhamanakner heto anhavatnery xist piti dazhananan ev harkadren qristonyanerin yndunel irenc vattar orenqy, ev aha ayd zhamanak moskovyan ogostaphar tnic piti ga mec mi ishxan aveli qajari, qan Aleqsandr Makedonacin, piti ir dzerqy vercni Hayastani tagavorutyuny ev verakangni qristonyaneri azatutyuny։ Ays margareutyany minchev hima havatacel ev hima isk havatum en stugapes» ^[1]։

Ushagrav ev hetaqrqrakan e ays haytararutyuny։ Orin tchanachvac e vorpes arajiny hay qaghaqakan akanavor ayn gorcichneric, voronq Moskoviayum voronecin hay zhoghovrdi azatagrakan tencheri iragorcoghin։ Bayc aha mi grutyun, ur inqy Orin, heru qaghaqakan novatori havaknutyunic, nerkayanum e moskovyan carin vorpes hay tradicion aknkalutyunneri artahaytich, vorpes hayeri moskovyan vaghemi koghmnoroshman targman, vorpes nranc hin dzgtumneri ev erazneri dzaynatar։ Minchder rus zhoghovrdi vorosh hatvacnerum taracvac er ayn havatqy, te mi or «Ararat lerneric» ev «Hayoc ashxarhneric» piti ga Mesian ashxarhy Neri brnakalutyunic azatelu hamar: hay azatagrakan sharzhman paragluxy, elnelov hakadardz patkeracumneric, galis er «Ararat lerneric» ev «Hayoc ashxarhneric» azdararelu, te Moskvayic e henc haytnvelu tiezeraphrkich ayn Mesian, vor piti elni vorpes nor mi phrkarar: Neri dazhan tagavorutyany verj dnelu hamar։ Orin kamenum er havastiacnel rus carin, te XV daric i ver hayeri azatagrman tenchanqy koghmnoroshvac e eghel depi Moskovyan petutyuny ev Petros Mecn e ayn phrkichy, vor piti iragorcer hay zhoghovrdi vaghemi dzgtumy։

Mer usumnasirutyan yntacqum arit piti unenanq hamozvelu, vor ir ays vkayutyamb hay azatagrakan sharzhman nshanavor gorcichy janum er grakan hanragumari berel patmakan iroghutyunnery։

Ete, aynuamenayniv, phordzenq Orii cucmunqi hetqerov qnnel hay azatagrakan aknkalutyunneri naxapatmutyuny, piti handipenq xoshor dzhvarutyan։ Patmakan aghbyurnery tramadrum en mez bazmativ nyuter: hay-rus kulturakan ev tntesakan vaghemi handipumneri masin։ Bayc hesht che nshel ccun phaster, voronc vra henvac, kareli liner asel, te Hayastani ankaxutyan korstic heto, kam get Oriin naxordac erku ev kes dareri yntacqum, irenc azatagrman huysy hayery drac en eghel bacarapes Moskovyan petutyan vra։ Voch arxivayin hnaguyn aktery, voch hay, rus kam otar heghinakneri vkayutyunnery minchev hima chen tvel mer dzerqy hamapatasxan krvanner։

Sakayn inqy Orin chi el vkayakochum nman aghbyurner։ Na hishatakum e sosk hin mi «margareutyun», vori mej, nra aselov, hayery parurum ein irenc baghdzanqnery։

Hiravi, mijnadaryan Hayastani aravel taracun u shrjun tramadrutyunnern u aknkalutyunnery, stanum ein erbemn «gushakutyunneri», «margareutyunneri» u «tesilneri» kerparanq։ Nyuter en dranq, vor matakararum en mez verin astitchani hetaqrqrakan u nshanakalic, tepet ev minchev hima sosk dipvacabar ogtagorcvac, vkayutyunnery։ I moto canotanalov dranc: dzhvar che hamozvel, vor Orii haytararutyuny liakatar chaphov ymbrnelu u arzheqavorelu hamar anhrazhesht e hetazotel ayd nyutery, cuyc tal hay hamapatasxan «tesilneri», «gushakutyunneri» cagumn u zargacumy, shphman keter voronel dranc ev nra nshac «margareutyan» mijev։ Tchisht e, dzernarkelov ayd ashxatanqin, stipvac piti linenq heranal hetazotutyan meknaketic, katarel patmabanasirakan xoragnac shrjancumner, bayc miayn aydpisov e hnaravor qandel mijnadaryan tesilneri u gushakutyunneri xtchtchvac kciky ev gtnel hay azatagrakan ishxogh mtaynutyan ayn tely, vor cayr arnelov heru ancyalic, galis hasnum e Orii zhamanakashrjanin։ Miayn hetaqnnakan xor ayd shrjancumov kareli e bacahaytel hay qaghaqakan grakanutyan teslakan u gushakoghakan zhanreri mej crarvac bard irakanutyuny, erevan berel meky myusin jnjogh «margareutyunneri» hasarakakan-֊qaghaqakan imasty, gri arnel hay azatagrakan tencheri u vogorumneri bazmativ nor ejer: sksac heru mijnadaric ev minchev XVIII dari skzbnery, aysinqn: minch ayn zhamanaky, erb Orin ev, inchpes piti tesnenq, naev nra zhamanakakicnery hark tesan dranc ozhandakutyamb himnavorel noric qaghaqakan irenc baghdzanqnern u aknkalutyunnery։ Harkav ayd himnavorman mej hayt er galis voch miayn ancyali ideakan nstvacqy, aylev ardaracumn ayn vtchrakanutyan, vorov Orin ev nra hamaxohnery lqum ein irenc baghdzanqneri u aknkalutyunneri hin, arevmtaevropakan shavighnery ev phrkutyun voronum Petros 1-i glxavorac hyusisayin mec petutyan patmakan nor ughineri mej։

* ^* *

Mijnadaryan Hayastanum grvac kam xmbagrvac «margareutyunnery» haytni ein ev taracvac։ Dranc masin gitein angam heru Evropayum։ Ayspes, ete mer dzern arnenq XVII darum hayeri mej aprac bazmateghyak teatinyan qarozich Kghemes Gaghanosi hay ekegheca֊davanabanakan xndirneri masin hanragitarani hambav stacac «Miabanutiւn hayoc ekeghecoyn ynd meci s. ekeghecoyn Hrovma» hayeren ev latineren zugaher bnagirnerov tpagrvac erkhatory, khandipenq havastiacum ayn masin, te hay ekeghecu hayreric meky, Nerses Mecy, hetahayac margareaxosutyamb der chorrord darum er gushakel ir zhoghovrdi apagan. hay Arshakunineri ev Lusavorchi tan ankumy, hay ekeghecu anjatumy tiezerakan ekeghecuc, erkri cvatvely naxararneri anmiabanutyan pattcharov, otar tirapetutyunneri phoxhajordumnery, neraryal tatarneri nerxuzhumy, ev i verjo, bolor erkrneri ev bovandak qristoneutyan phrkagorcumy «frankner» kochvac hromeakan zhoghovrdi mijocov ev mshtnjenakan xaghaghutyan darashrjani skzbnavorumy - galiq bolor ays ancqery, inchpes teghekacnum er Gaghanosy: tchshtiv gushakac e eghel eraneli ayn ayry ev nra xosqern ardzanagrvac en hay varqagrutyunneri mej^[2]։

Nshenq ayn aghbyurnery, voronq karogh ein nyut matakararel nersisyan zarmanali «hstakatesutyany» ։

Hnaguyn ev skzbnakan aghbyury Nersesi masin: Phavstos Buzandn e։ Phavstosi mot Nersesy handes e galis vorpes meky hay ekeghecu kazmakerpoghneric u kargavoroghneric, vorpes heghinakavor mi gorcich, vory hay Arshakunineri petakan qaghaqakanutyany hakadrum er Lusavorchi katoghikosakan dinastiayi tarac qaghaqakanutyuny, vory ekeghecakan kalvacatirutyunic zat henvac er mert kentronaxuys naxararneri, mert huyn interventneri zinakcutyan vra։ Payqarn ashxuzhanum er manavand, erb naxararneri sharqerum ev arquniqum uzh er stanum iranakan koghmnoroshumy: vtangelov Lusavorchi tan patkanogh katoghikosneri ev nranc pashtpanogh naxararneri dirqy ev hogh patrastelov Irani koghmic hovanavorvac Aghbianosi tan katoghikosakan teknacuneri haghtanaki hamar։ Ekeghecu ev petutyan hin Hayastani xoshoraguyn erku kazmakerputyunneri ev dranq glxavorogh erku dinastianeri: Partevneri ev Arshakunineri payqary Nerses Partevi zhamanak hasav cayrahegh larman: hangelov hay tagavori: Pap Arshakunu banadrman։ Mecarelov Nersesin, Phavstosy dnum e nra berany mi nzovq, vori mej, i shars ayloc, asvac e. «Ev korcanumn: vor beranov margarein aci i vera dzer, ympel azgid Arshakuneac zyetin bazhakn, arbjiq, arbesjiq ev korcanesjiq, ev aylevs mi kangnesjiq» ^[3]։

Phavstosi patmutyan mez hasac xmbagrutyuny katarvel e hay Arshakunineri ankumic heto, ev Nersesi nzovqy ardzanagrum e sosk katarvac phasty։

Nzovqi masin aknarkum e naev Xorenacin, bayc hasceagrum voch te Papin, ayl nra hory: Arshakin^[4]։ Xorenacin patmum e Nersesi tunavorman depqy, bayc voch mi xosq nzovqi masin^[5]։ Xorenacu zhamanak veracac er voch miayn hay Arshakunineri petakan ishxanutyuny, aylev Hay Partevneri ekeghecakan gavazany։ Patmichy voghbum e ays iradardzutyunnery, bayc chi kapum dranq nersisyan kanxatesutyunneri het, voronq anhayt ein nran։

Phavstosi pes Ghazar Pharpecin xosum e dardzyal Nersesi «anecqi» masin, vori hamadzayn, nra aselov, veracav Arshakunyac tagavorutyuny^[6]։ Nersesin hajordac Sahak Partevi masin e miayn Pharpecin asum, te «tesanogh akamb i zorutene surb hogւoyn tesaner ayrn Astucoy i spar i spur zkorcanumn ashxarhis Hayoc» ^[7]։ Ays masin Pharpecu patmutyan grqum gtnum enq nuynisk Sahaki «tesiln» u dra «meknutyuny», yst vorum Sahaky vorpes te naxatesac e eghel voch miayn Arshakunyac tagavorutyan ev Lusavorchi tan ankumy, aylev nranc veranorogumy «merdz erevumn pghcoyn anapati» ^[8]։ Sakayn vaghuc ev bazmics ditvac e, vor te ayd «tesily» ev te dra «meknutyuny» Pharpecu gorcery chen, ayl hetsamut mijarkutyunner։ Hrchakavor ir «Tghtum» te Nersesi ev te Sahaki ev urish shateri masin inqy Pharpecin asum er sosk, te nranq «och baceal i bareban zberans iւreanc i veray ashxarhis aysorik: vaxtchanecan» ^[9], asel e te nranq meran irenc berany hayoc ashxarhin orhnutyun talu hamar chbacac։

Aynuhet ev minchev X dary voch mi hishatakutyun nersisyan kanxatesutyunneri masin։ Nshelov Arshakin ev hayoc ashxarhin ughghvac nzovqy: ayd darum aprac Asoghiky harum e te: «Zor lueal mec hayrapetin Kesaracւoc srboyn Barsghi: nzove zPap ev ziւrsn amenayn. erdmamb hastate: ayl voch evs dzernadrel katoghikos yatorn Kesaru. voroy nzovqn arag katareal» ^[10]։ Aystegh dardzyal nzovqn e, vor halacum e Arshakuninerin ev veracnelov sranc tagavorutyuny, tarapanqneri andundy glorum hayoc ashxarhy։

Mez hasel e Nerses Partevi mi varqagrutyuny, grvac 967 tvakanin Mesrop erec Vayocdzorecu dzerqov։ Patmakan ir maserov ayd gorcy qaghvac e Phavstosic, ev inchpes sheshtum e ir hishatakaranum heghinaky, hingerord darum grvac ayl, mez chhasac erkeric. «mec cankuteamb caghkaqagh arari zgirqs zays i Hayoc mnacordac yArevelic groc» kam: «zays haneal yArevelic groc i Hayoc mnacordacn patmuteanc» ։ Aystegh, karcum enq, xosqy voch te mi, ayl erku aghbyuri masin e։ Drancic meky kochvum er «Hayoc mnacordac patmutiւnq» ։ Da, yst erevuytin, patmakan hamarot grvacqneri mi zhoghovacu er, vor X darum vorpes aghbyur ogtagorcel er naev Tovma Arcrunin, Arcrunyac tan patmutyan hnaguyn shrjani masin xoselis։ «Isk ar mez hasin zroycqs ays, - grum er Tovman, - yst mnacordac patmagracn arajnoc, i Mambree Vercanoghe ev i norun eghbore Movses kocheceloy, ev miւsumn Teodoros Qertogh, vorq leal ein yashakertutene Ghevond qahanayi, vor i Parssn martirosacaւ ynd ayl surb episkopossn ev qahanaysn» ^[11]։ Myus aghbyury, vor kochvac e «Arevelic girq», grvel er V darum ev bovandakel er Mamikonyan tan patmutyunner։ Ayd girqy kazmel er Abraham Mamikoneic episkoposy: Abbaham Xostovanogh kochvacy։ Mi drvacq e ayd, vor ogtagorcel er naev Tovman» ^[12]։

Mesropi erkn uni bazmativ dzeragir orinakner, voroncic hnaguyny cagum e XII daric ev hratarakvel e «Patmutiւn srboyn Nersesi Partevi» vernagrov 1853 tvakanin, Venetikum^[13]։ Kan naev varqagrutyan ayl tpagrutyunner bernavorvac hetsamut hatvacnerov, voronq, aynuamenayniv, inchpes piti tesnenq, shat arzheqavor en nersisyan kanxatesutyunneri hetaga evolyucian usumnasirelu hamar։

Hetevelov ir aghbyurin: Mesrop erecy patmum e Arshakunineri ankman ev dra hetevanqneri masin grete aynpes, inchpes Pharpecin։ Dra het miasin nra mot gtnum enq naev nor kanxatesutyunner։ Vorpes te tagavori mardkanc dzerqov tunavorvac Nerses Partevy, margareakan nerqnatesutyamb gushakel e galiq dareri iradardzery։ Hay Arshakunineri ev hay Partevneri ankumic heto, - asel e Nersesy mahvan tagnapi mej, - parsiknery nvatchelu en Erusaghemy ev gravelu xachaphayty, vory piti veradardzvi huyneri dzerqov^[14]։ Havatqi mej tkar: hay ishxannery piti tkaranan naev qaghaqakanapes, teghi talov huyneri uzhin։ Bayc tevakan che linelu naev huyneri ishxanutyuny, nranc zorutyuny piti xortakvi «agheghnavorneri» kam «netoghneri» harvacneri tak։ Himniver piti korcanvi Hayastany, ynderkar korcnelov ekeghecakan ir ishxanutyuny ev «netoghnerin» andznatur eghac anmatuyc ir berdery։ Ays patuhasnerin hajordelu e qristoneakan ashxarhi «phrkumy» hromeakan kam, inchpes parzabanvac e bnagrum, «frank» zenqi zorutyamb. anorennery partvelu en ev entarkvelu hromeakan ishxanutyany. erkiry veracvelu e draxti. amenureq ishxelu e xaghaghutyun, barekecutyun, ardarutyun։ Veraproghnery apashavelu en meracnerin, voronq charzhanacan erkravor ays eranutyan, vor verj e arnelu miayn Neri zhamanak^[15]։

Mez zbaghecnogh varqagrutyuny kang e arnum naev Neri tagavorutyan, sran hajordogh ashxarhancumi ev handerdzal draxti nkaragrutyan vra։ Hark chka canranal dranc vra։ Patmakan ancqery der chunen aydtegh, varqagrutyan ayd ejeri skzbnaghbyury esxatologiakan ev mesianakan ayn gaghapharnern en, voronq heru ancyalum cayr ein arel Mijagetqum ev Egiptosum, ancel iranakan ev hreakan astvacabanutyany, ev aveli ush: taracvel Arevelqi hellenistakan petutyunneri mej։ Nuyn ayd gaghapharnery lcordvelov sibilyan gushakutyunneri het, hetagayum taracvecin kayserakan Hromum, uzhegh azdecutyun gorcelov naev skzbnavorvogh qristoneutyan vra։

«Ayd mi zhamanak er, - grum e Fr. Engelsy, - erb nuynisk Hromum ev Hunastanum, isk anhamemat aveli mec chaphov Phoqr Asiayum, Siriayum ev Egiptosum, bacardzakapes anqnnadatoren ynkalvum ein zanazan zhoghovurdneri amenakopit snotiapashtutyunneri xarnurdnery ev dranq hamalrvum barepasht patranqov kam parz sharlatanutyamb, zhamanak, erb hrashqnery, huzavarutyunnery, tesilnery, bandagushanqnery, kanxagushakutyunnery, voski patrastely, bzhzhanqnery ev mistikakan ayl anhetetutyunnery katarum ein amenaaknaru der» ^[16]։

Ւnchpes Hromeakan kaysrutyan ankman shrjanum kam mijin dareri yntacqum arajacac socialakan tchgnazhameri zhamanak: mer kanxatesutyunneri mej evs verhishum er Danieli gushakac verjin ayn tiezerapetutyuny, vori yntacqum, yst Avgustini, qristoneutyuny vorpes te kensagorcelu e liakatar ir haghtanaky, sahmanelov ays ashxarhum haratev eranutyun ev hangelov i verjo «araracoc norogman» qristoneakan standart herankarin^[17]։

«Ays e xorhurd qristoneicn, vorov zancealsn patmagremq ev zhanderdzealsn margareanamq yst shnorhatuoghin astucoy» - grum er Mesrop erecin zhamanakakic Asoghiky: targman handisanalov qristoneakan taracun mi mtaynutyan, vorov nershnchvac er anshusht naev Nerses Partevi varqi heghinaky^[18]։ Hiravi, sra nkaragrac dzhoxqi grotesky kam draxti eranutyuny evs sksvum e ayntegh, vortegh verj er arel nerkayi stuyg ymbrnumy kam ancyali patmakan imacutyuny։

Piti karcel, vor Mesrop ereci ashxatutyan anaghart skzbnagri mej andradardzel er sasanyan ev arab tirapetutyunneri zhamanak ishxac byuzandakan koghmnoroshumy, «horom» kaysrneri ozhandakutyamb Irani ev arabneri lucy totaphelu haykakan spasumnery։ Varqagrutyan mer dzerqy hasac grchagir orinaknery, voroncic hnaguyny drvac e 1131 tvakanin^[19], piti nkatenq vorpes hetnordneri veraxmbagrac mi versia, vori vra droshmvac e arajin xachakrac arshavanqi zhamanak arajacac tramadrutyunneri amur kniqy։

Xachaphayti gerevarutyan ev azatagrman masin eghac aknarkr phoxadrum e mez Irani ev Byuzandiayi mijev cagac baxumneri zhamanakashrjany: VII dari skzbnery։ Hayastani sasanyan ishxoghnerin hajordecin arab «ismayelacinery» ։ Sranc tirapetutyuny, vor hatkapes zgal tvec iren VIII daric sksac, tramadrum er mardkanc: spasel patmosyan menavori gushakac sarsaphneri iragorcmany: miahyuselov dranc hetaga margareutyunneri gushakac arhavirqneri katarumy։ «Ismayelaciner» termini koghqin Hayastani nvatchoghneri masin varqagrutyan mej handipum enq naev «agheghnavorner» kam «netoghner» terminnerin։ Haytni e, vor arabnery zinvac ein naev neterov։ Bayc gitenq, vor netery gerishxogh zenq ein seljukneri ev manavand mongholneri mot։ Ararbneri zhamanakneric i ver hay zorqery dimavorum ein tshnamun srerov, suserov, dashuynov, trov, nizakov ev ayln։ Inchpes grum er Urhayecin, «zorqn hayoc chein sovor patrast linl ynddem neticn» ^[20]։ Aha te inchu Nersesi varqagrutyan arabnery handes en galis vorpes «netoghner» ։ Hetagayum ayd terminy verimastavorvum e, hatkacvelov seljuknerin ev mongholnerin։ Aknbax kerpov verimastavorvac e naev «ismayelaciner» haskacoghutyuny, vor aystegh ev aylur gorcacvum e voch miayn arabneri, aylev nranc hajordac islamakan zhoghovurdneri hamar arhasarak, inchpes masnavorapes naev Islami krony yndzerac seljuk turqeri glxavorac turqmen oghuzneri hamar։ Ayspes, nersisyan kanxatesutyan mez hasac bnagri ev sran aghbyur carayac Keghc֊Metodiosi huyn bnagri mej ka ayn tarberutyuny, vor, minchder verjinis mej ismayelacineri anunov handes en galis arabnery, hay kanxatesutyan mej asparez en galis seljuk turqery։ Ayspes naev, ete hamadzayn Keghc֊Metodiosi ismayelacineri lucy totaphelu en hromeaci-horomhuynery, nersisyan varqagrutyan mez hasac bnagrum azatararneri dery standznelu en «hromeaci» franknery։

Keghc֊Metodiosi hunaren bnagiry hayacvel er der VIII darum St. Syunecu dzerqov։ Sosk targmanutyun cher da, ayl phoxadrutyun, vori mej artahaytutyun en gtel huyn kaysrneri zinakan ozhandakutyamb arabneric azatvelu haykakan baghdzanqnery։ Arabneri («ismayelacineri») ashxarhakalutyuny piti verj dner hayeri ishxanutyan։ «Hayq i phaxust dardzin ev bnakichq nora i gerutiւn» asvac e ayd masin hayacvac Metodiosi mot^[21]։ Bayc hunakan tagavory nvatchelu ev averelu e Arabian, amracnelov ismayelacineri paranocin ir lucy։ «Ev elcen iւraqanchiւr voq yerkir iւr, i zharangutiւn iւr, Hayq, Kilikia, Suria, Afrike, Gaghaad, Sikilia» ^[22]։

Keghc Metodiosi ays varianty ush mijnadaryan xmbagrutyun er: targmanvac huyn kam asorakan bnagric^[23]։

Ays ameni mej vorosh artahaytutyun en gtel Byuzandiayi ev Arabiayi mijev VIII daric i ver arcarcvac paterazmnern u ayd kapakcutyamb Hayastanum arajacac azatagrakan baghdzanqnern u huysery kam, yndhakaraky, nman huyserin hakadardz tramadrutyunnery։

Ays mi zhamanak er, vor xoshor ankyunadardz er kazmum Arevelyan kaysrutyan ancyalum։ Patmutyan bemic heranum er hin senatakan aristokratian։ Hoghin amracac kolonneri teghy arajanum en azat hoghabazhneterer։ Zargacman progresiv ays yntacqin mecapes npastum er slavonakan nergaghtn u Balkanneri slavonacumy։ Gyughakan azat hamaynqnery darnum en petakan sahmanneri pashtpanutyan ev petakan ekamutneri apahovman glxavor henarany։ Masamb henc ayd uzhin henvac: Byuzandian karoghacav mi qani dar pashtpanvel artaqin grohneric^[24]։

Vasil I kaysri oroq (867-886) Byuzandian haghtakan mi sharq paterazmner mghec arabneri dem, yndardzakelov kaysrutyan sahmannery minchev Ephrati verin hosanqy։ Romanos Lekapen kaysri zhamanak (919-944) arabakan berderi erkate shghtan patrec byuzandakan zoravar Hovhan Kurkuasy: Kayserakan zorqery hasnum en Dvin u Karin, gravum hyusisayin Mijagetqy։ Het mghelov arabakan hakahardzakumy: huyn banaky tevakanoren gravum e Samosaty, Malatian ev amboghj Arevmtyan Hayastany, hascnelov petutyan sahmannery minchev Ephrati ev Tigrisi mijin hosanqnery։

Hayastanic ev Vrastanic takavin veracvac cher arabneri gerishxanutyuny, erb hraparak ekan byuzandakan kaysrnery: xalifneri teghy brnelu hamar։ Taserord darum Kostandin Ciranacin (913-959) ev Romanos II (959-963) kaysrnery gerishxanutyan pahanjner ein anum Kogoviti ev Taroni, Moksi, Vayoc dzori, Andzevacyac, Xacheni, Syunyac gavarneri, aylev Sevordyac erkri, Samcxei, Tayqi, Ghvelis-Cixei ev Atcharayi nkatmamb^[25]։

964-65 tvakannerin, Mesrop ereci kazmac varqn ashxarh galuc araj, Nikifor Phokas (963-969) kaysry gravec Kilikian ev Tarony։ Sharzhvelov Baghdadi ughghutyamb, Hovhan-Chmshkiky (969-976) gravec Amidy, Edesian ev Mcbiny ev inchpes uzum er havatacnel inqy kaysry: Siriayi vrayov motecrel er huyn haghtakan banaknery Erusaghemi drnerin։ Vasil II kaysri (976-1025) masin Lastivertcin grum er. «Eranelin Vasil yisun am tagaւoreal, voch voq i tshnameac hamardzakecaւ yashxarhn nora mtanel» ^[26]։ Bavakan che, harkav, asel, te voch mi tshnami cher hamardzakvum mtnel Vasil II-i ashxarhy. hark e avelacnel naev, vor na inqn er xuzhum urishneri ashxarhy։ Hishenq nra dazhan payqary bulgharneri dem kam haphshtakoghakan nra qaghaqakanutyuny Arevelqum։ Ogtagorcelov teghakan tirapetutyunneri nerqin kam artaqin tchgnazhamery (hakafeodalakan sharzhumnery, mijfeodalakan gzhtutyunnery, seljukneri nerxuzhman vtangy), Byuzandian gravum e Tayqi, Vaspurakani, Anii ev Karsi tagavorutyunnery, inchpes naev Berkrii, Manazkerti, Xlati ev Artcheshi emirutyunnery։ Davit Kyurapaghaty harkadrvac eghav «ktakel» kaysrin Tayqi tirapetutyuny։ Ւ verjo nman mi «ktak» kazmecin hay feodalnery naev Anii tagavori anunic։ Myus gravumnerin evs trvum en kamavor otaracumneri dzev։ Ayspes, Seneqerim Arcrunin phoxanakec Vaspurakani tagavorutyuny Sebastiayi ishxanutyan het e։ Bayc hatkanshakan e, vor hozharakam akterin naxordum ein divanagitakan banakcutyunnery, banagnacneri sirashahumn u kasharumy։ Ayl kapakcutyamb arit piti unenanq verapatkerelu ayn iradrutyuny, vor erkri mi sharq vayrerum sharzharitner er steghcum hay ishxogh dasi hayrenadav qaghaqakanutyan hamar։ Aynuamenayniv mi sharq depqerum byuzandacinery tiracan Hayastani hogherin miayn brni uzhov. nranq piti hashvi nstein hay zhoghovrdakan massaneri zinvac dimadrutyan het, dimadrutyun, vory erbemn glxavorum ein feodalneric vomanq։ Verhishenq Vahram Pahlavunu glxavorac payqary Anin pasharogh byuzandacineri dem։ Nvatchac erkiry qaghaqakanapes glxatelu npatakov huynery Byuzandiayi xorqern ein phoxadrum teghakan feodalnerin, erkri varchutyunn u pashtpanutyuny handznelov zharangakan iravunqner chunecogh huyn pashtonyanerin։ Ayspes, Vaspurakanum steghcvac marzeri mej mtnogh mot qarasun berderi u amrocneri pashtpanutyuny handznvac er huyn zinvorakannerin ev karavarichnerin (katepannerin) ^[27]։ Nuyn bany teghi er unenalu naev Shirakum։

Ays paymannerum Hayastany dardzav anter u anpahapan mi erkir, vor kareli er nvatchel u koghoptel heshtutyamb. «zi zars qajs ev zhzors qakeal hanin yarevelic horomq ev kurt zorapetoq janayin pahel zashxarhn Hayoc ev zamenayn tunn arevelic» ^[28]։ Seljuk nvatchoghneri araj neghmit u kartchates byuzandakan ays qaghaqakanutyuny zinataph arec Hayastany։ Gravelov Anin, huyn nvatchoghnery vstahutyun chunecan angam davanakic Iberiayi teghakan zoramaseri nkatmamb։ Verjin pahin Byuzandian janq arec yndarajel arevelqi zhoghovurdnerin, verakangnel nranc razmakan ev qaghaqakan zorutyuny, iravunqner u artonutyunner shnorhel sahmanamerdz qaghaqnerin u feodalnerin։ Bayc ush er arden։ Angam seljukneri tirapetutyan zhamanak byuzandacinery sosk hamaqristoneakan tchakat steghcelu npatakov che, vor araj ein qashum hay feodalakan ishxanutyunnery։ Tchisht ditvac e, orinak, vor XI dari keserin nranq hovanavorum ein Lorii Kyurike II-in, patvar hamarelov nra tagavorutyuny voch miayn seljuk turqeri, aylev hzoracogh vira-abxazyan petutyan dem^[29]։

Hayeri ev arajavor asiakan myus zhoghovurdneri hiastaphutyuny mekn er ayn pattcharneric, voronq naxapatrastel ein Manazkerti ankumy, shrjaphoxelov Merdzavor Arevelqi qaghaqakan patmutyan kerparanqy։ Mekyndmisht kaysrutyuny korcnum er asiakan ayn nahangnery, voronq kazmum ein kaysrutyan tntesakan amur henarany ev matakararum nran zinvorneri ev navastineri lavaguyn kontingentner։

Nersisyan tesilqi mej erevan e galis tramadrutyunneri ayn heghabekumy, vor veraprel ein hayery Byuzandiayi nkatmamb։ Korcnelov Paghestiny, Mijagetqy ev, manavand, harust u ekamtaber Egiptosn u Sirian: kaysrutyuny harkeri amboghj canrutyuny verabardum er phoqrasiakan ev arevelyan temeri vra։ Sran mianum ein davanabanakan ayn tchnshumnery, vor gorcadrum er na qaghkedonakanutyany hakadrvac «monofizit» ekeghecineri- ayd tvum naev hayadavan ekeghecu nkatmamb- der arabakan nvatchumneri zhamanak: VI-IX darerum, ev apa seljukneri tirapetutyan shrjanum: XI-XII darerum։ «Ev tagaւorq yunac, - asvac e ayntegh, - sakaւakeacq eghicin ev paterazmac voch hogascen, ayl zharkac miayn ev phoxeloc kargac ev zqnnutean haւatoc qristoneic ev ays lici jan noca ev vastak» ^[30]։ Patmakan hraphordzutyan dazhan nuyn ayn meghedin e ays, vor lsum enq naev hetaga hay matenagirneri mot։ XII dari skzbnerin Poghos Taronecin byuzandakan kaysrneri masin grum er. «Isk sin: ev zhand, pighc: ev vattar arancd, vorq en i mer zhamanaks tagaւorqd: ev ishxanqd, morosamitq eghealq: hayhoyen zhays ev naxaten։ Ev togheal noca zhogs paterazmacn: vor e ynddem uracoghac xachin Qristosi ev phoxanak noca darnan ev ynd mez paterazmen։ ZQristos uranan: ev zmez hreays asen. ev ziւreans surbq ughghapharq, vorq en sut ughghapharq։ Vorpes zhandabaroy shuns: vor zgayln voch karen halacel, darnan ev zmardik xacanelov pataren։ Ayspes ev arajnordqn horomoc: zazgn hayoc^[31]։ Nuyn dari keserin Urhayecin nshavakum e byuzandacineri «anoghorm», «char» bnavorutyuny, nranc nengamtutyuny։ Hayastani pashtpannery chen «tulamort» u tkar huynery, ayl nra «sut pahapanqy» ։ «Sovor en azgn Horomac erdmamb korusanel zamenayn mecamecs ashxarhi» - grum er na^[32]։ Urhayecu zhamanakagrutyan sharunakogh Grigor erecy, vory qaj canot er naev Nersesi anvan het kapvogh gushakutyany: yndhanracnelov ancyali mrayl phordzy: grum er. «Yaraj zhamanakac gitemq ev i zhamanakagir patmagrac, vor Yunac tagaւorqn ochinch phrkutiւn en gorceal qristoneic, ayl manaւand xlumn ev arumn qaghaqac ev gaւarac. ev noca shnorhiւn elan Hayq erkren iւreanc ev aylazgiqn zoracan ev ekeal tirecin amenayni» ^[33]։ Aveli meghm lezu chi banecnum byuzandakan «azatararneri» masin nuyn dari verjerum Samvel Anecin։ Achqi araj unenalov Anii hunaserneri zhoghovrdadav varqagicy: na grum er. «Yorzham tesin zanhnarin aghet korcanman zglxaւori teghoys: andznatur eghealq ynd dzeramb vishapin, kamaւ elin phaxsteamb ar kaysrn yunac» ^[34]։

Mesrop ereci anunov mez hasac tesilqi bnagrum artahaytvum en voch miayn hayeri husaxabutyuny, aylev azatagrakan nor aknkalutyunner։ «Ev Erusaghem voch evs kacce yishxanutean yunac ev ismayelaciq tirescen nma, ev arkcin ynd harkiւ zyoynsn minchev i zhamanaks merdzenaloy ariakan azgin. ev apa arcen zErusaghem azgn hrovmayecւoc, vor anuanin phrankq, ev bardzcen yzharkadrutiւn yunac» ^[35]։

«Frank» azatararneri ays hishatakutyunr aknbax e dardznum, vor Mesropi skzbnagiry hetagayum krel e eakan phophoxutyunner: Dzeragir orinakneri hakasutyunnery, votchakan tarberakneri arkayutyuny, hatkapes mez zbaghecnogh ejerum, vkayum en nuyny։ Frankneri masin handipogh hishatakutyuny mijarkvel e anshusht mi zhamanak, erb hayeri mej armat er dzgum xachakirneri ognutyamb «netoghneri» (ima: seljukneri) ev huyneri lcic azatvelu aknkalutyuny։ Yst erevuytin ayd teghi er unecel xachakrac aoajin arshavanqic heto, aysinqn: voch vagh qan XI dari verjery։ Ardyoq Mesrop erecin en patkanum huyn kaysrneri masin varqagrutyan mej handipogh qnnadatakan ditoghutyunnery, te mi urishi, guce nuyn ayn grchin, vor mtcrel e naev frankneri masin arvac hishatakutyuny: dzhvar e voroshel։ Bolor paraganerum piti ditenq, vor Mesrop Ereci anunov mez hasac varqagrutyan mej pahvel en patmakan tarber shrjanneri ev qaghaqakan tarber aknkalutyunneri hetqer։

Te vor chaphov yndunak ein zargacman u imastaphoxutyan Nersesi anvan het kapvac kanxatesutyunnery: aknhayt e manavand ayn phastic, vor xmbagrakan ays kargi mijarkutyunneric zat kariq eghav Mesrop ereci grac varqi ev manavand dra mej tegh gtac margareutyunneri nor ev anhamemat aveli yndardzak mi xmbagrutyan^[36]։

«Tesilqi» nor ays xmbagrutyuny karogh er katarvel miayn seljukneri zhamanak, erb «ayr zaramb elaner tirel ashxarhi»: Hayastani kulturakan rayonnery entarkvum ein averman u koghoputi։ Korcanvum er u antchetvum hay feodalakan tneri mec masr։ Sranc teghery brnum ein turq, qurd kam parsik emirnery, voroncic kaxman mej ein mtnum i verjo naev hay feodalneri nvazac mnacuknery։ Nkaragrelov ashxarhaver netoghneri galiq nerxuzhumy: «Tesilqi» nor teqstum, asvac e te: «yarusce yarevelic koghmane... tagaւor ayladem ev aylalezu, anun nora sur ev tetev ev zgast... i mnacordac ismayelean i cnndocn Hagaray ev i zaւake yEghemay arajin tohmic» ։ Chnuynacnelov «zhir ev seg, ev lirb ev erkaynaher, suser tevaւor ynd mej iւreanc aceal» ekvornerin hagaraci (arab) kam elamaci (parsik) ashxarhakalneri het: gushakoghy nranc hamarum e dranc zharangordner miayn։ Patmvum e aynuhetev, vor nvatchogh u averogh nranc tagavorneric heto Hayastanin tirelu e xaghaghaser ev qristonyanerin xnamakalogh «ordi erkrord sultani i tane Xorasane» mi tagavor։ Aknarky Tughrilin ev Alphaslanin hajordac Meliq-Shahi masin e anshusht։ Inchpes zhamanaki hay patmichnery, «Tesilqi» heghinaky evs nerkayacnum e sran drakan dimagcerov։ Sra xaghaghaser tagavorutyunic heto netoghnery chors tari sharunak berelu en nor arhavirq, minchev vor phrkutyan dur kbana «azgn ariakan hromayecւoc, vor kochin ormanq», kam, inchpes asvac e mi dzeragrum: «ormanq, aysinqn: aramananq»: Cagel e ayd azgy hayoc ayn zorqeric, voronq Hrom ein ughekcel Trdatin ev Lusavorchin։ Huynery xangarelu en nra aphejqy Mec Ovkianosi - Mijerkrakani - Geghecik navahangstum։ Vormannery despan en ugharkelu hunac tagavori mot ev hnazandutyan hravirelu nran։ I verjo gravelu en nra mayraqaghaqy, ev dimelov zenqi uzhin: nvatchelu arabacoc erkiry minchev Damaskos ev Erusaghem, miazhamanak gravelov naev parsic tagavoranist Davrezhy։ Ev aydpisov «Eghicin ashxarhq qristoneic, vorpes zdraxtn ev bnajinj lini azgn netoghac yeresac yerkre yariakan yazgen hromayecoc։ Xaghaghana erkir i bari gnacs. kangnin haւatacealq ev vkayaranq srbocn, ankci ashxarh anorinac ynd lcov carayutean hayoc» ^[37]։

Ays mijadepy handipum enq naev Nersesi mi ayl varqagrutyan mej^[38]։ Dra npatakn er: cuyc tal, te astvac ognutyan e galis qristonyanerin, nuynisk dardzi ekogh tshnamu dzerqov։ Nman ban Manazkerti pasharman kapakcutyamb asum er naev Lastivertcin^[39]։

Kanxatesutyan dzevov sharadrvac ays momentnery hamynknum en patmakan ancqerin։ Patmakan en Meliq-Shahi mahic heto nra zharangneri mijev arajacac qaramya xrovutyunnery^[40]։ Patmakan en «hrovmayecineri» (ima: xachakirneri) paterazmnery, voronc masin karcum ein, te qristonyaneri krac tarapanqneri hamar vrezh en lucum «i skiւtacւoc (ima: seljuk turqeric) ev i parsic handerdz Tatchkastanaւ (ima: parsikneric ev arabneric)» ^[41]։ Patmakan en «hromayecineri» baxumnery «hunac tagavori» (ima: Aleqsios Komneni) het» ։

Hin legendi hetqery veracac chen nori mej։ «Tesilqi» yndardzak xmbagrutyan mej isk Byuzandiony sharunakum e linel «teghapah tagaւorin Qristosi» ^[42] ev byuzandakan kaysri krac mec partutyuny (ima: Manazkerti arumy) sugi mej e dzgum qristonyanerin, qani vor dranov korsti er matnvum ekeghecu azatutyuny^[43]։ Sakayn aknerev e, vor «azatararneri» dery nor legendy verapahum e Qristosi voch te hin, ayl nor teghapahi zinvornerin: xachakirnerin։ Parz e, vor «Tesilqi» nor xmbagrutyuny dzernarkvac karogh er linel dardzyal arajin xachakrac arshavanqic heto։

«Tesilqi» veraxmbagrman zhamanaky voroshelu hamar krvan en talis Damaskosi ev Davrezhi masin bnagrum handipogh nshumnery։

Damaskosy xalifati hin qaghaqamayrn er, vor XII dari erkrord kisum Nur-ad-Dini ev Salah-ad-Dini (Salaheddini) zhamanak aprec nor verelq, minchev vor 1260 tvakanin andznatur eghav monghol Hulaghu xanin։ Davrezhy kam Tavrizy, X darum annshan mi qaghaq, XI-XII darum darnum e arab emirneri ev seljuk atabekneri nstoc։ Veraxmbagrvac «Tesilqi» mej Davrezhi hishatakumy kapvac e atabekneri lcic azatvelu baghdzanqi het։ Monghol Abagha xani zhamanak Tavrizy dardzav hulavyanneri gahanist ev xist yndardzakvec Ghazan xani zhamanak: XIII dari verjerin։ Mongholneri zhamanak karevorutyun stacac ayd qaghaqi masin hin hay aghbyurnery avandum en, te karucvac e eghel Trdati hayr Xosrovi dzerqov, vory, npatak unenalov lucel Artavan eghborordu vrezhy, norakaruyc qaghaqy kochel er «Davrezh» ^[44] (aysinqn: «da e vrezh») ։ Nuyn ays mtaynutyamb mijnadari hay grichnery hayreni sephakanutyun ein hamarum Davrezhy։ Azatagrakan legendi hetaga variantnerum, inchpes piti tesnenq, hatchax Davrezhy handisanum er hay qaghaqakan baghdzanqneri sahmanakety։

Veraxmbagrvac «Tesilqi» hnaguyn orinaky grvac e tatarneric araj: 1220 tvakanin։ Ete himq chunenq ayd orinakn el henc ays xmbagrutyan skzbnagirhamarelu, get piti asenq, vor «Tesilqi» veraxmbagrumy cher karogh ayd tvakanic heto teghi unecac linel։

«Tesilqi» heghinaky haytnum e, vor Hayastany nvatchogh «ayladem ev aylalezu» tagavori sury chi hasnelu miayn Varaga mec lerany, vori phesherin mardik himnelu en agarakner ev vorin apavinac: nranq hastat en pahelu qristoneakan havaty։ Ays nshumy vorosh himq e talis krahelu «Tesilqi» xmbagrutyan teghn u hangamanqnery։

Patmelov Varaga xachi «hrashaphar» erevumy seljukneri nerxuzhman naxorein, Tovma Arcrunin grum e, vor «i storot lerinn» nor shinvac «menastanac mayraqaghaq» Varaga vanqi miabanutyan hamar Seneqerim tagavory nshanakec rotchik, ev vor vanqi miabannery, irenc hertin, hskum ein Vaspurakani xaghaghutyany, apastan matakararelov «amenayn ashxarhac ankeloc ev gereloc» ^[45]։ Patmum en, vor, handznelov Vaspurakany huynerin, barepasht Seneqerimy pahec ir dzerqum Varagy ev sra shurjy phrvac bazmativ vanqery. «zi kaccen azats ev aghots arascen Seneqerimay ev vordւoyn nora. ev ein 115 ev vomanq 900 vanq asen» ^[46]։ Ays, inchpes ev «Tesilqi» verohishyal tvyalneric piti ezrakacnel, vor «menastaneac mayraqaghaq» Varagy ev nra shurjy phrvac vanqery sharunakum ein imunitet vayelel inchpes byuzandacineri, aynpes naev seljukneri oroq։ Anhnarin che, vor Varagum kam nran entaka vanqeric mekum el henc xmbagrvac lini «Tesilqi» yndardzak varianty։

Kilikiayi Levon II tagavorin ughghac ir tghtum hay ev huyn ekeghecineri miacman koghmy hakvac Lambronacin, tvarkelov ir hamaxohnerin, hishatakum e Vaspurakan ashxarhi ev Varaga vanqi kronavornerin, masnavorapes ir usucich Stephanos Tiracuin, Gevorg Tchgnavorin, iren usumnakic Stephanosin ev urishnerin, baci ays Taroni u Ekeghyac gavarneri ekeghecakannerin, Xacheni ishxannerin ev ekeghecakannerin, voronc tvum: iren ashakertac Hovsephin^[47]։ Achqi araj unenalov «Tesilqi» qaghaqakan tendency, anhnarin che, vor ayn xmbagrvel e henc Lambronacun hamaxoh Varaga vanakanneri dzerqov։ Terevs ays entadrutyuny voch miayn havastel, aylev bacatrel karogh e mer ayn ditoghutyuny, vor shrjadardz katarelov depi Hayastani nor «azatararnery», «Tesilqi» heghinaky sharunakum er hamarel hin Byuzandiony: «teghapah tagaւorin Qristosi» ։

2. Agaton ev Kozern

Agatonin veragrvac gushakutyunneri bovandakutyuny: Arshakunineri ev Partevneri verakangnman gaghaphary Sahak Partevi tesilqum: Vovqer en gushakutyunneri «armannery»: Kozerni tesilqy ev nra arajacman zhamanaky: Qaghaqakan koghmnoroshumneri hertaphoxutyuny tesilneri mej: Agatoni gushakutyunneri nor xmbagrutyuny, nra zhamanakn u mijavayry: Agatoni ev Kozerni nuynacman apardyun phordzy: Agatoni verjin xmbagrutyuny:

Nerses Partevi veraxmbagrvac «Tesilqi» mej ushagrav e hatkapes Erusaghemi «ormanq» kam «aramanq» nvatchoghneri haykakan cagumy։ Ayd hangamanqy matnanshvac e naev mijnadaryan Hayastani myus kanxatesutyunneri mej։ Sranc mej hetaqrqrakan en hatkapes Agaton kam Agadron «anyaght philisophayi» gushakutyunnery^[48]։ Dranc qnnutyuny mijoc e talis parzelu «ormanq» kam «aramanq» kochvac zhoghovrdi areghcvacy։

Nshenq nax Agatoni gushakutyunneri nyuty։

Qristoneutyuny petakan kron dardzneluc heto, frankneri Kostandinos mec kaysry ev Seghbestros papy Hayastani Trdat tagavori ev Grigor Lusavorchi ughekcutyamb uxti en gnum Erusaghem։ Kostandinosy karucum e Erusaghemi Harutyan tatchary։ Trdaty shinum e Betghehemi tatchary։ Kaysri hraverov Trdaty ev Lusavorichy Erusaghemic ughevorvum en Hrom։ Nranc ughekcum e 64 hazari (yst tpagir varianti 70 hazari) hasnogh hay zorqy։ Tchanaparhelov hyurerin Hayastan: kaysry het e pahum Hromum nranc ughekcac hay zinvorneric 200 mard։ Srancic e aha, vor servum e «ormanq» kam «aramanq» (yst tpagri: «ormanq» ev «alamanq») kochvac zhoghovurdy, vori mijic, zhamanakner heto (yst tpagri: «i lnuln yetin darin yut hariւr amin») harnelu e nor mi Kostandinos, vory hetevelov iren entarkvac 12 xachapasht tagavorneri paghatanqin, dzernarkelu e tiezerqi phrkutyany ev azatelu e hayerin netoghneri lcic։ Aph ijnelov Geghecik navahangstum: kaysry arshavum e Trdati karucac Davrezh qaghaqy, zhoghovum caq u criv eghac hay zhoghovurdn u zorqy, «or lini yazgen Mamikoneic» ev verakangnum hay naxararakan tnery: Kaysry hay banaki zoravar e nshanakum Arshakuni tagavorazn Vagharshakin։ Verakangnelov hayreni gahy: sa paterazmum e Byuzandiayi dem: arnelov naxnineri vrezhy։ Galov Ekeghyac gavari Tchmin gyughateghin: Trdati ev Partev hayrapetneri dambaranavayry^[49], na verakangnelu e Lusavorchi tan ishxanutyuny: katoghikos nshanakelov «mecagegh, laynatchakat, xoyaqit» mi ekeghecakani։ Mamikonyanneri sparapetutyamb Vagharshaky verakangnelu e Hayastani hin sahmannery minchev Alanac Dury, Asoroc Mijagetqn u Byuzandakan covy։ Minchev ayd mernelu e Kostandinosy: Sran hajordelu en Tiberios ev Vizand kaysrnery։ Verjinis oroq noric piti erevan ismayelacinery, averen Kariny, verakangnen krapashtutyuny, zoh beren hin astvacnerin bazmativ hayeri։ Sri qashvac Hayastanic piti verapren qchery miayn: «i dzorn Mananaghoy ev i lerins Sasnoy ev i gogn Karmeghay ev hiւsisoy» ։ Vizandy vrezhxndir e linum hayeri hamar։ Sakayn nor tarapanq en berum hyusisic xuzhac 24 azgery: atchutch matchutchnery, magognery ev ayln։ Vizandi arajnordutyamb sranc evs partutyun piti hascnen myus zhoghovurdnery։ Vizandin hajordelu e Teodeny (tpagrum: Teodos) ։ Sra zhamanak cnvelu e Nery, vori tagavorutyany verj e talu Qristosi haghtogh zorutyuny։

Hark chka kang arnel ays gushakutyan manr variantneri vra։ Srancic karevorn e terevs miayn meky, ur asvac e, te Teodosi zhamanak, hisunvec tari tagavoreluc heto mahanalu e Vagharshaky։ Sran hajordelu e Arshakuni cagumov xaghaghaser ev shinarar meky, - «ordi Arshaւana, vordւoy Shirakay, yazge ev i tohme Torqomay» ։ Sra oroq e, vor sparvelu e Arshakunyac ev Lusavorchi ishxanutyuny^[50]։

Usumnasirelov Agatoni gushakutyunnery, mxitaryan banaser B. Sargisyany ijecnum e nra otaralezu aghbyurnery minchev VIII dary։ Nshum e, vor ays gushakutyunnery hishecnogh etovpakan hin mi vepi mej Agatoni «ormanq» -y handipum e «armenq» dzevov^[51]։ Ditum e, vor vrac matenagrutyan mej ka «armanq» dzevy, gorcacvac dardzyal «armenq» imastov^[52]։ Haytnum e, vor Vagharshak anuny handipum e naev Trdat dzevov^[53]։

Ays ditoghutyunnery karevor en ev arzheqavor, sakayn anarzheq ayn ezrakacutyunnery, vor hanum e drancic heghinaky, hetevcnelov, orinak, te handzin Vagharshaki: Agatony nkati e unecel VII darum huyneri dem paterazmac Teodoros Rshtunun, vor ayl variantum nshvac Trdaty Jivansheri patmutyan grqum ev Epifan Kipriacu hayeren xmbagrutyan mej hishvac Trdat Arshakunin e, vor aprum er VIII dari keserin, kam vor «azatarar» Kostandinos kaysry Herakli tor Kostandinosn e, isk Lusavorchi tan ishxanutyuny verakangnogh «xoyaqit» katoghikosy: Nerses Shinoghy ev ayln։ Arhamarhvac e ayn phasty, vor Teodoros Rshtunin payqarum er huyneri dem: henvac arabneri vra, minchder Agatoni Vagharshaky (kam Trdaty) payqarum e huyneri dem henvac «hromeacineri» vra։ Nuynpes arhamarhvac e, vor huyneric vrezh arnogh Vagharshaky (kam Trdaty) cher karogh katoghikos nshanakel Nerses Shinoghin, vory haytni er henc ir hunasirutyamb ev dzhvar te nkatver Lusavorchi tan verakangnogh։

Agatoni vipakan votchov grvac gushakutyunnery mez phoxadrum en mi zhamanakashrjan, erb Hayastanum arcarcvum er «hromeacineri» ognutyamb «ismayelacineri» lcic azatvelu ev hay Arshakuni tagavorutyun kam hay Partevneri katoghikosutyun verakangnelu mtaynutyuny։ Vagharshak anuny hay Arshakunyac dinastiayi himnadri anvan krknutyunn e։ Ete yndunenq, vor skzbnapes «Vagharshak» anvan tegh eghel e «Trdat» : ayd evs zurk cher lini vorosh imastic. nor Trdaty kliner hay Arshakuni hamanun ayn tagavori krknaky, vori zhamanak qristoneutyuny petakan kron dardzav Hayastanum ev himq drvec Lusavorchi katoghikosakan dinastiayin։ Te mi ev te myus depqum, Agatoni nshac anunnery imastavorvac klinen, ayspisov, voch te vorpes aylevayl zhamanaknerum aprac patahakan mardkanc masin eghac hishoghutyunner, ayl vorpes gushakutyunneri xmbagrman darashrjani qaghaqakan patverin yndarajogh ev zhamanaki mtacutyan hamar hatkanshakan u imastalic kerparner։ Nuyn tesaki kerparner chen naev byuzandakan droshmner krogh «azatarar» kaysrneri mtacacin ayn anunnery, voronc gorceri masin patmum e ir gushakutyunneri mej hayacqy galiqin harac mer heghinaky: Agatony։

Arshakunineri ev Partevneri ishxanutyuny verakangnelu gaghapharn arka er arden VIII darum։ Ays masin e vkayum ayd pahin verjnakanapes dzevavorvac ev hetaga darerum layn shrjanarutyun unecac ayn tesilqy, vor kapvac er Sahak Partevi anvan het ev ibrev hetsamut mijarkutyun, hasel e mez Ghazar Pharpecu patmutyan grqum^[54]։ Anvaver ayd grutyan hamadzayn Arshakunyac ankumic hetoSahaky vorpes te gushakac e eghel Lusavorchi himnadrac ekeghecu zavtumy ashxarhi pharqin hetamut qahanayapetneri dzerqov, bayc ev miazhamanak kanxatesac Arshakunyac ev Lusavorchi ashxarhik ev hogevor dinastianeri verakangnumy: «merdz erevumn pghcoyn anapati», asel e: ashxarhi kataracin mot zhamanaknerum։ Nerkayis parzvac piti hamarel, vor Arshakuninerin ev Lusavorchi tany veraberogh qaghaqakan ays herankarnery dzevavorvel ev mtel en Sahaki «Tesilqi» mej VIII dari skzbnerin^[55]։

Hay Arshakunineri zharangutyan iravunqy shaharkelu mtaynutyuny IX darum qaghaqakan xoshor ayzhmeakanutyun er stanum nuynisk Hayastani sahmanneric durs: Byuzandiayum, Makedonakan dinastiayi hastatman zhamanak։ 867 tvakanin arajacac nor ayd dinastiayin veragrvum er voch miayn haykakan, aylev Arshakuni cagum։ Photn ayn mardn er, vor hayerin ughghac ir dimumnerov npatak er hetapndum kaxman mej dnel hay ekeghecin hunakan ekeghecuc։ Taracelov Vasili havaknutyuny Arshakunyac zharangutyan vra, patriarqy entadrum er mecapes dyuracnel ayd npataki iragorcumy։ Photi keghciqy mutq e gorcum Vasilin zhamanakamerdz patmagrutyan mej: phoxancvelov Ginezios ev Kostandin Ciranacin patmichneri erkerin։ Verjinis aselov, Vasily serum er hor koghmic Trdat Partevic, mor koghmic Kostandin Mecic ev erku gcov el: Aleqsandr Meci phayln uner։ Ciranacin kaysry kapum er ir papi cnundy hay kanxatesutyunneri het. «Ev ayspisov katarvec ayn margareutyuny, - grum er na, - vor arel er 350 tari araj Isahaky. nshanavor ayd ekeghecakany, inqn evs Arshakunyac ceghic, gushakel er, te aynqan taruc heto Arshaki serndic meky gravelu e hromeakan kaysrutyan gayisony» ^[56]։

Vasil kaysri cagman ays versian canot e naev hay aghbyurneric։ Vardan patmichy haghordum e, vor haykakan 325 (m. t. 876) tvakanin, Vasily hatuk despani mijocov tag e xndrel ishxanac ishxan Ashot Bagratunuc։ Kaysry, harum e Vardany, imacel er hay mi episkoposic ir mor Arshakuni cagumy, usti ev kamenum er stanal ishxanac ishxani hamapatasxan vaveracumy^[57]։

Chgitenq iskapes Ashoti patasxany Vasilin։ Sakayn Vardani patmacic parzvum e, vor kaysri arajarky nor taph er haghordel Hayastanum Sahak Partevi anunov nviragorcvac erazanqin. «Ev kataril tuer tesleann Sahakay srboyn: nstil tagaւor Arshakuni» - harum e Vardany^[58]։ Havanakan e tvum mez arden isk haytnvac ayn mitqy, te byuzandakan havaknutyunnery kanxelu ev Ashot Bagratunun ir het amur kapac linelu hamar e, vor xalif Mutamidy Hayastani tag hghec nran։ Merdzimah Vasil kaysrin mnum er miayn voghjunel u vaveracnel ir «sirecyal vordi» Ashoti tagadrutyuny^[59]։

Vardani haghordacy haskanalu hamar piti verhishel, vor zhamanakin Bagratuninern ein henc Arshakunineri tagadirnery^[60]: Mtadrvac linelov arabneric het stanal erbemn Byuzandiayin patkanac hay erkramasery ev miazhamanak naev irazek dardznel hayerin ayd masin: Vasily tchisht er hasceagrum ir dimumy։ Ayl xndir e, te vorqan karogh er durekan linel ayd dimumy Arshakunineri tagadrin։ Haykakan gahi zharang hamarelov iren: verjins tramadir chpiti liner urishin zijelu Arshakunyac tagi iravunqy։

Nuyn ays legendi Hayastanum araj berac ardzaganqi hetqery mnacel en naev Nerses Partevi tesilqi ev Agatoni gushakutyunneri mej։ Shoshapheli ev aknaru en ayd hetqery ayn ameni mej, inch patmum en mez ays aghbyurnery «ormanq», «armanq», isk erbemn naev «alamanq» azgi masin։ Inchpes aknerev e naev B. Sargisyani matnanshac otar aghbyurneric: aghtchatvac ayd bary arajacel e parzapes «armenq» kam hunakan aghbyurneri «armenoi» =hayq baric։ Teslakan grakanutyan mej ayd anunov nshvac azgin veragrvac azatarar sxragorcutyunnery vkayum en ayn ardzaganqi masin, vor unecel ein Hayastanum hay kayserakan dinastiayi: arabneri dem varac haghtakan paterazmnery IV-V dareric i ver Hayastani qaghaqakan ankaxutyan ankman paymannerum։ Ayd naxararakan ev masnavorapes hay Arshakunyac tan zharangnery apavinum ein Byuzandia: gravelov ayntegh hatkapes Armeniak temum zinvorakan ev varchakan bardzr pashtonner։ VI darum Irisi getahovtum kayserakan Byuzandiayi Armeniakon temum kayan unecogh zorabanaky himnakanum kazmvac er hayeric ev glxavorvac hay zorahramanatarneric։ Tasnyakneri er hasnum sranc mijic elac ayn mardkanc tivy, voronq dzerq karkarecin Kostandinosi tagin kam bazmecin Byuzandioni gahin։ «Armen» -neric ein cagum voch miayn kayserakan Byuzandiayi IX-XI dareri bazmativ tirakalner, aylev hatchax byuzandakan kaysruhinery։ Nshenq Teophiles kayser knojy, Mamikonyan cagum unecogh nshanavor Teodora kaysruhun ev hamanun urishnerin։ Voch pakas azdecutyun piti gorcac linein arabneri dem varac paterazmneri yntacqum hrchak stacac ev masnavorapes Arshakuni cagum unecac kam Arshakuni tohmanun arinqnac hay zoravarnery։

Sranov el piti bacatrel arajin hayacqic otaroti erevacogh ayn phasty, vor tesilneri ev gushakutyunneri mej azatarar «hromaecineri» zorqery servac en hamarvum «ormanq» - «armenq» ceghic, voric arajacac nshanavor mekin, paymanakan «Vagharshak» kam «Trdat» Arshakunun, Agatony dardznum e azatagrveliq Hayastani gahakal։

Takavin Hustinianosi zhamanak byuzandakan banaky glxavorogh hayazgi Narzesin shrjapatum ein Arshakuni tohmanun krogh Hovhan, Arshak ev Artavan zoravarnery^[61]։ VIII darum bulgharneri dem anun vastakec Tatchat Andzevacin. Artavan Mamikonyani het sa glxavorum er byuzandakan ayn zorqerin, voronq krvum ein Kilikiayum^[62]։ Levon IV kaysri oroq (775-780) arabneri dem payqarogh banaki mej hing zoravarneric chorsy hayer ein: Artavazd, Tatchat, Varaztiroc ev Musheghak։

IX darum petakan bardzr dirqi hasav arabneri dem tarac ir haghtanaknerov nshanavor Manvel Mamikonyan zoravary։ Sakayn anhamemat aveli nshanakalic en ayn partutyunnery, vor hascnum er Xalifati dem dzernarkac ir arshavanqnerov hay Arshakuni linelu havaknutyun unecac Vasily, vor razmakan, varchakan mec unakutyunneri shnorhiv arqunakan axorapani pashtonic hasav byuzandakan zoravari dirqi ev apa spanelov ir arbecogh hovanavorin: Mixayil III kaysrin, dardzav Makedonakan dinastiayi himnadir։ Arabakan mi sharq amrutyunner xortakeluc heto Vasily mtav Mijagetq ev sparnakan dirq gravec xalifati dem։

Hayeri dery byuzandakan banaknerum nkateli er naev hetagayum։ X darum hay zinvornery massayabar mutq en gorcum byuzandakan banaky, kazmelov sra lavaguyn zoramasery^[63]։ Haykakan cagum uner arabneri dem varac ir paterazmnerov ayd darum hrchakvac Hovhann Kurkuasy, vorin zhamanakakicnery hamematum ein Trayanosi ev Belizariosi het։ 930-954 tvakannerin na ognutyan hasav Karsi Abas tagavorin։ Basenum, Dvinum, Xlatum ev Bagheshum na xach tnkec mzkitneri gmbetnerin, averec Tigranakerty ev vorpes razmakan tankagin avar, Polis berec... Qristosi dastaraky։ Kurkuasic aveli bardzr dirqi hasan kayserakan gayison nvatchac Romanos Lekapen, Nikifor, Phokas ev Hovhan Chmshkik hayazgi uzurpatornery։ Nikifory ev Chmshkiky nvatchecin Kipros ev Krete kghzinery, Kilikiayi, Siriayi ev Mijagetqi qaghaqnery, henvac ayn banakneri vra, voronc eakan masy kazmum ein hayern u vracinery։

Anhavanakan che, vor qristonyaneri phrkutyan, Neri erevman ev ashxarhancumi masin Agatony, inchpes ev zhamanakakic myus mi sharq aghbyurnery ardzaganqum ein ayn hayacqnerin u tramadrutyunnerin, voronq arka ein Arevmutqum 666 tvakanin ev Qristosi «cnndyan» hazaramyakin։ Ansahman shat en hay dzeragreri mej Neri erevman masin arvogh husharkumnery, tematik grvacqnern u dranc yndorinakumnery, voronq artahaytel kam hrahrel karogh ein esxatologiakan nman mtapatkerner։ Bnorosh en Lastivertcu toghery. «Chiq inch zhamanak kam gorc vor zmern hnacucanel kare, bayc te, vor pghcoyn anapati zgushacucanen girq» ^[64]։

Eghel en karcoghner, te Neri erevman herankari azdecutyan tak e henc, vor barepasht hay feodalnery dzernarkum ein vanqeri u ekeghecineri hoyakert ayn karucumnerin, voronc caghkman zhamanaknery hamynknum en 666 ev 1000 tvakanneri naxyntac tasnamyaknerin։ Entadrvel e naev, te motalut ahegh datastani masin eghac hayacqneri nershnchmamb er henc «oghormac» Ashot Bagratuni tagavory dzernarkum ankelanocneri ev urkanocneri shinararutyan ev ayln^[65]։ Moracvac e, vor miayn ankelanocner ev urkanocner che, vor karucum er ayd tagavory, aylev ir nstoci hoyakert shrjaparispn u amrocnery tshnaminerin dimadrelu hamar։ Haytni e Ashot Voghormaci paterazmy Kovkasi lernakanneri ev Hamdun arab zoravari het։ Erb patrastvelov hardzakum gorcel Mijagetqi vra Chmshkik kaysry sparnum er gravel «hayoc ashxarhi mutqy» : Sasuny ev Mushi mot gtnvac Aycac berdy, vor patkanum er Ashotin, verjinis glxavorutyamb hay ishxoghnery patrastvecin dimadrel byuzandacinerin։ Ashoti het miasin Aghvanqi, Syunyac, Karsi, Andzevacyac, Vaspurakani ev Sasuni ishxoghnery Byuzandiayi dem qsanhazaranoc banak kazmecin Harqum։ Chmshkiky xohemutyun unecav hay feodalneri dem mgheliq paterazmy veracel nranc het knqac razmakan dashinqi^[66]։

Tvum e, te voch dranic erbeve araj ev voch el dranic erbeve heto: hay feodalneri miacyal uzhy handes cher ekel vorpes aveli zoregh razmakan ev qaghaqakan mi gorcon, vori het harkadrvac liner hashvi nstel kayserakan Byuzandian։ Hay feodalneri ozhandakutyamb e, vor Chmshkik kaysrn arshavec Mijagetq: gravelov u averelov bazmativ berder ev amrutyunner։ Ays amenic heto dzhvar e patkeracnel Voghormacin sosk ashxarhancumi tendov brnvac mardu vitchakum։

Ashoti barepasht hajordnery evs, yndhup motenalov ahavor 1000 tvakanin, voch miayn vanqer u ekegheciner shinecin, aylev berder u ashtarakner, kamurjner u darpasner, jrmughner u baghniqner։ Mardik guce akanj ein kaxum ashxarhi kataraci masin eghogh husharkumnerin, bayc ev chein hrazharvum arorya hogseric, dizum ein harstutyun, dzgtum pharqi ev ishxanutyan։ Stephanos Asoghik patmichy nshum e ayd zhamanak Anium ekegheciner karucogh «barepasht» Gagik I-i anxostovaneli mi charagorcutyuny ev nuynisk taphancik aknarkov nshum arqayakan gahin tiranalu npatakov nra mi hancagorcutyuny: harazat eghbor spanutyuny։

Misticizmic u ankumayin tramadrutyunneric zerc en masnavorapes ays zhamanakashrjanic mez hasac Anii, Aghtamari, Haghbati ev Sanahni qandaknery, ardzannern u tchartarapetakan shinutyunnery։ Feodalneri kronakan jermerandutyunic voch nvaz dranq vkayum ein ev nranc «ashxarhayin» hatkutyunneri - harstutyan ev uzhi, ishxanakalutyan u pharatenchutyan masin։ Artahaytelov darashrjani ishxogh mtaynutyunn u tchashaky, dranq krum ein irenc vra naev zhamanaki mtavor ev fizikakan ashxatanqi kniqy ev handisanum zhoghovrdi steghcagorc erandi u kensahastich tramadrutyunneri shoshapheli hetqery։

Harstutyunneri annaxyntac kutakman u dasakargayin srvac krvi paymannerum miangamayn aknerev e esxatologiakan erkeri qarozchakan-didaktikakan npataky։ Bibliakan hnavand patkernerov ashxarhi tirakalnery kamenum ein sandzaharel u hnazandutyan berel hestogh hpataknerin, andznavorelov sranc mej «Neri karapetnerin» kam henc iren Nerin։ Sastich tesilneri u haytnutyunneri mej nranq crarum ein irenc nerqin kam artaqin tshnaminerin hasceagrvac invektivner u xratner, socialakan kam qaghaqakan erazanqner u dzgtumner, voronc ashxarhayin imasty parz e u aknerev։ Hayalezu tesilnern u gushakutyunnery evs qaghaqakan utopianer, cragrer kam qarozner ein։ Bibliakan patkeracumneri ognutyamb dranq ardzanacnum ein voch aynqan ancyaly, vorqan nerkan, voch aynqan eghacy, vorqan lineliqy, aveli tchisht: baghdzalin։

Ւnchpes Nerses Partevi tesilneri, aynpes ev Agatoni mez hasac gushakutyunneri arancqy voch te ashxarhi kataraci hamaqristoneakan hayacqnern en, ayl Hayastani azatagrman qaghaqakan herankarnery։ Piti karcel, vor ashxarhi kataraci spasumnery Hayastanum aveli xor ardzaganq gtan, voch te VII kam X darerum, ayl aveli ush: seljuk turqeri nerxuzhman zhamanak, amboghj Hayastanum, Vaspurakanum ev Anium arajacac qaghaqakan ev socialakan sur tchgnazhami hangamanqnerum։ Gtnvecin mardik, voronq ayd tchgnazhamy evs lcordecin haytnutyan xorhrdavor taretveri het։ «Ev yet hazar amin lucce zstanay ev hance i bante anti. elce ev molorescusce zazgs amenayn ynd chors koghmans erkri» - asvac e Hovhannu Haytnutyan mej^[67]: Haytnutyan hazaramyakn hashvum ein Qristosi «xachelutean» zhamic։

Xoselov Vaspurakani Seneqerim tagavori masin: Urhayecin patmum e, te ahavor ayd pahin na «och eker ev voch earb, ayl kayr mtaxoh, li trtmuteamb ev zgishern amenayn anqun ancucaner ev nsteal qnner zzhamanakagrutiւns ev zasacuacs astuacaxos tesanoghacn, zsrboc vardapetacn ev gtaner greal i girsn zzhamanakn elaneloy Turqac zorac ev zorakanac. ev caneaւ zkorust ev zkatarac amenayn erkri. ev gtaner i girsn greal ayspes, ete «I zhamanakin yaynmik phaxicen yarevelic yarevmuts, i hiւsisoy i haraւ, ev hangist voch gtanen i veray erkri, vasn zi areambq cackin dashtq ev lerinq» ^[68]։ Te inch hetevutyunner er hanum Seneqerimy tesilneri u gushakutyunneri hin grqeric kam inch imast mtcnum hyusisic harav kam arevelqic arevmutq apavinelu masin groc cucumneri mej: dra bacatrutyuny stanum enq Tovma Arcrunu patmutyunic, ur Iranic Hayastan xuzhac turq hrosakaxmberi masin asvac e te «Matneac zmez Ter ev zmnacealsn i dzers anoren arcatakurc eghernatiւr ev meghsaser zarmin Elima, vor azgq turqac» ։ Tomayi sharunakoghi aselov, Vaspurakani tagavory hangec ayn mtqin, te chiq «ayl usteq ognakanutiւn bac i tearne, ev ognakanutiւn tearn i tikuns arqayin yunac» ^[69]։

Naxyntac drvagum masamb arden parzecinq patmakan real ayn irakanutyuny, vor harkadrum er Bagratunyac ev Arcrunyac hay tagavornerin: «kamovin» zijel irenc ishxanutyuny Byuzandiayin։ Urhayecu ev Tovma Arcrunu vkayutyunnery drsevorum en voch aynqan Seneqerim Arcrunu, vorqan Vasil kaysri het grakan herankarner kapogh hay ekeghecakan feodalakan vorosh xmbakcutyunneri hayacqnery։ Vasiln anun er vastakel voch miayn islami dem mghac ir paterazmnerov, aylev pavlikyanneri dem hanac ir halacanqnerov։ Tvum er, te Vasil kaysri dzernerumn er gtnvum ashxarhi xaghaghutyan banalin։ Mez arden canot e ayn hamarumy, vor uner nra uzhi masin Lastivertcin: Nman hayacq uner nra masin naev Gr. Narekacin, vory hatkanshum er ayd kaysrin vorpes «yaghtogh ev mec kaysr» ։ Yndardzakelov kaysrutyan arevelyan ev hyusisayin sahmannery, asum e Narekacin, byuzandakan banaky votqi tak tvec ekeghecu tshnaminerin, ev hastatec amenureq «andorutean mijoc» ^[70]։

«Aparanic xachi patmutyan» mej Narekacin nvaz mecaranqov chi xosum Vasil II ev Kostandin VIII kaysrneri: arabneri, skyutacineri, xazirneri, vracineri, lazeri ev hayeri vra tarac haghtutyunneri, hastatac xaghaghutyan ev masnavorapes «asqanazyan zarmin» arac pargevneri masin^[71]։

Vor turqakan vtangy npastavor mtnolort er steghcel tesilneri xmorman hamar: ayd tesanq arden Nerses Partevi kanxatesutyunnery qnnelis։ Hetagayum sksum en haytni darnal naev Hovhannes Kozern vardapeti anvan het kapvac tesilnery։ Ibr te hayoc 470 t. (=m. t. 1023 t.) teghi unecac sharzhn u aregaki liakatar xavarumy gitun ayd vardapety bacatrac e eghel nranov, te motenum e zhamanaky, erb, hamadzayn Hovhannu haytnutyan, piti azat ardzakver Qristosi mkrtutyamb shghtayvac satanan^[72]։ Nshelov 1030 tvakanin - «Qristosi mkrtutyan hazaramyakin» turqeri grohy Berkrii vra, Samuel Anecin katarvac ancqi het kapum e Kozerni bacatrutyuny^[73]։ 1037 tvakanin turqery vercrin Edesian։ Nuyn tarum krknvec ahegh sharzhn u aregaki xavarumy։ Hetnordnern ays ancqery evs kapecin Kozerni naxazgushacumneri ev haytnutyan hazaramyaki het, erb shghtayazerc satanan piti averer ashxarhy^[74]։ Anecu taregrutyan mej Edesiayi gravumn u Kozerni tesilnery nshvac en dardzyal vorpes nerqnapes kapakcvac phaster^[75]։

Miayn Kozerny cher, vor tagnapalic ays zhamanaknerin lusatuneri sharzhumnery kam erkri ynderqum teghi unecogh erevuytnery kapum er hay zhoghovrdi qaghaqakan baxti mej katarvac shrjaphoxutyunneri het։ «Qristosi xachelutean» hazaramyakin, 1033 tvakanin, nshelov «yamseann Arac yaւurn urbatu i darnal aւurn» teghi unecac aregaki xavarumy, Lastivertcin grum er. «Zor teseal bazumq i gitnoc, karcecin gol zcnundn Nerinn zayn, kam mecamec chareac gushak» ^[76]։ Nuyn ayd depqn e, vori masin, arnelov hin taregrutyunneric, Mxitar Ayrivanecin nvaz voroshaki nshum er 1031-1041 tvakanneri aranqum. «Aregakn xaւarecaւ i Qaghoc zhg yurbatu, i mijorei, ev ardzakecaւ satanay i kapanac xachelutean Qriutosi» ^[77]։

Kozerni tesily vkayakochogh hay aghbyurneri mej naxatesvum en kronakan patviranneri xaxtumner, harstaharumneri, kasharakerutyunneri ev haphshtakutyunneri hatchaxum, kargavorneri gorcac zeghcumner, arcatasirutyun u simonakanutyun, anbaroyutyun ev ashxarhayin zvartchanqneri cavalum vanqerum u dghyaknerum. «Arajnordq ev ishxanqn lineloc en kasharakerq ev staxosq ev suterdmunq ev i dzers kasharac tiւren zdatastans iraւancn aghqatin...։ Ishxanq ev dataւorq *****aserq araւel qan astuacaserq... mecaren zmatnichsyn ev zgoghsn, yaւishaaken aniraւabar zashxatoghac zinchsn, anoghorm i veray ughigh datastanacn» ^[78]։ Phastapes ays ameny yntacik kyanqum ditvac ev hogevor u ashxarhik ishxogh xaveri dem srvac merkacumner ein tesilqi mej: galiqi gogy arajadzgvac։

Erkrum hastatveliq otar tirapetutyuny ayn patuhasn e, vor hghvelu e erknqic: i patizh mardkayin zancarumneri։ Kaskac chka, vor yntacik phordzic en arnvac naev gunegh ayn nerkery, voroncov patkeracvum en qristonyaneri nerqin baxumnern otar tirapetutyan zhamanak. «Grgrin vordiq ynd harcn, atecoghq linin harq ar vordis, yaricen eghbarq i veray mimeanc, spanuteamb ev arean heghuteamb janan korusanel zirears, uranan zgut ev zser eghbayruteann, camaqesci ariւn eghbayrutean noca, ev ayspisi gorcovq haւasarakic linin anorinacn» ^[79]։ Vovqer en ays «anorennery» ։ Urhayecu mot pahvac versiayi hamadzayn: Hayastanum hastatvelu e nax turqeri vatsunamya tirapetutyuny, vorin hajordelu e Erusaghemi ancumy franknerin, isk hisun tari heto: qristonyaneri hamatarac azatagrumy։ Iharke, XI dari arajin kesum Kozerny cher karogh naxatesac linel voch turqeri vatsunamya tirapetutyuny, voch Qristosi gerezmani nvatchumy frankneri dzerqov։ Yst erevuytin nran veragrvac tesilnern yndarajum ein harstaharumneri u tchnshumneri dem trtnjacogh ayl vayri ev ayl zhamanaki hay massaneri tramadrutyunnerin, janalov miazhamanak kapel nranc aknkalutyunnery frank xachakirneri nershnchac azatagrakan patranqneri het։

Hetazotelov Kozerni tesilqy: N. Mary hamarum er ayd Kilikiayi Sev leran vanqeric mekum 1147 tvakani xachakrac arshavanqi hajogh elqi husov grvac apokrif^[80]։

Karcum enq sakayn, vor kilikeci heghinakn ir araj unecel er Arevelyan Hayastani grakan voreve aghbyur, drvac XI dari keserin, Anii byuzandakan okupacman zhamanak։ Yst erevuytin grakan mi gorc er da, vory Kozernin veragrvac tesilqi dzevov hashvi er arnum Anii bnakchutyan trtunjnery ev miazhamanak nershnchum nranc ayn mtaynutyuny, te nerqin ev artaqin bolor neghichneri dem phrkutyan apaven karogh e linel miayn byuzandakan zenqy։ Kozerny ayn mardn er henc, vor ynkerakcel er Petros Getadardzin, erb verjins meknel er Trapizon: Vasil II kaysri het Anii tagavori anunic «hayoc korstean gir ev namaky» (Lastivertci) storagrelu hamar։ Mez zbaghecnogh apokrifum na handes e dalis ibrev Anii byuzandaserneri: Petros katoghikosi, Magistrosi ev Vest Sargsi, inchpes ev sranc intrignerin ev byuzandakan tchnshumnerin zoh dardzac Hovhannes Smbat tagavori mot, vorpes qaghaqakan gushak։ Haskanali e, vor «parsikneric» (ima: Iranin tiracac turqeri sparnaliqic) azatvelu hamar Kozerny karogh er «gushakac» linel voch te frankneri, ayl: huynerimijamtutyuny։ Zur chen ayn gorci mej erkaroren patmvac Petrosi handipumy Vasil kaysri het, katoghikosi hrashagorcutyunnery, haykakan cagum unecogh kaysri «cackabar» dardzy depi ir paperi davananqy, voric heto nshvac e, te na «eghev vorpes zhayr ashxarhis hayoc» ^[81]։ Nkatenq, vor Urhayecu patmutyan mej Kozerni 1023 tvakani tesilqy ardaracvac e turqeri arajin nerxuzhman ev «hayaser» Vasil Il-i nerarshavi patmutyamb^[82]։ Patmelov Kozerni 1037 tvakani tesilqy: apokrifi mez chhasac naxnakan varianty karogh er huyser kapac linel miayn seljukneri handep taneliq byuzandakan («hromayecineri») haghtanaki het։

Ayspisov: naxnakan dzevov mer dzerqy chhasac tesilqy hay byuzandaserneri npataknerin u trmadrutyunnerin yndarajogh mi grvacq piti eghac liner։ Kozernin veragrvac tesilneri nor variantnerum pahvel en naxnakan versiayi bekornery miayn։ Seljuk-turqeri massayakan grohneric ev nranc Hayastanum hastatac petutyunneric heto, huyn tesilnerum (masnavorapes Metodiosi) nshvac «parsiknery» Kozerni mez hasac tesilneri mej darnum en «turqer», Erusaghemy nvatchogh «hromayecinery» ev qnic artnacogh horom tagavory (sra masin Metodiosy grum er- «zartesce vorpes ayr i qnoy») darnum en Erusaghemi hamar paterazmogh «frankner» ^[83]։ Nuyn kerparanaphoxutyunn e ays, vor vitchakvel er naev Nersisyan tesilqin։ Kozernin veragrvac qnnadatakan sur invektivnery patkanum en voch te Kozernin, ayl Urhayecu mot pahvac tesilnery sharadrogh kam xmbagrogh grchin։

Nman kerparanavaxutyan entarkvel er naev Agatoni: patmakan iradardzutyunneri azdecutyamb phophoxutyunner krac hin gushakutyunneri skzbnagiry։ Agatoni «elamacoc» kam «ismayelacoc» dem payqarum ein, inchpes tesanq, «ormannery» kam «armannery» ։ XI-XII darerum «elamacoc» ev «ismayelacoc» anvan tak haskanum ein arden voch te «elamacoc» erkrin tiracac arab «ismayelacinerin», ayl nuyn ayd erkiry nvatchac seljuk «ismayelacinerin» ^[84]։ Phoxvac er naev «hromayecineri» =huyneri funkcian։ Hayerin barekam huyneri teghy Agatoni mez hasac dzeragrerum brnum en hayerin tshnami huynery, voroncic vrezh er hanelu «Vagharshaky» kam «Trdaty» ։

Huyn azatararneri phoxaren asparez en ijnum «frank» (orosh variantnerum «alaman») «azatararnery», voronc arajnordelu en Hayastani phrkumy haghtanakov psakogh hay zoravarnery։ Nor ays xmbagrutyuny stanum er «Agadroni hayrapetin asaceal vasn harucman arajika tagaւoric frangac» vernagir։ Minchder araj Agatoni erky, inchpes cuyc e talis XII-XIII darerin veragrvogh mi grchagir, kochvum er «Patmutiւn vasn zoranaloy hayoc azgin ev tagaւoreloy i zarmic noca ev yerkirn Horomay (Horomoc) vor ev nor Kostandianos anuani, voroy i dzern phrkutiւn lici amenayn qristoneic» ^[85]։

Ayspisov, Agatoni anvan het kapvac gushakutyunnery ancel en zargacman nuyn tchanaparhy, vorpisin ancel en naev nersisyan tesilnery։ Agatoni hin variantneri mej artacolvac e hayeri hunakan koghmnoroshumy։ Norery: dimughghvac depi franknery: drsevorum en sheshtvac hakahunakan tendency, aystegh azatarar Arshakuninery nvatchum en Yoty blurneri vra phrvac Byuzandiony։

Bacarik ayn ushadrutyuny, vor hatkacvac e Agatoni mot Sasuni ev shrjaka erkrneri azatagrakan payqarnerin, phoxadrum e mez Taroni ev Sasuni Mamikonyan-Tornikyan ishxanneri verelqi zhamanaknery: XI dari keseric minchev XII dari kesery^[86]։ Nshenq naev «yazgen Mamikoneic» kazmvac hayoc zorqi mecarumy Agatoni mot։ Gitenq apa, vor X daric i ver hishatakvogh Mamikonyan-Tornikyannery patkanum ein henc hay-qaghkedonakan ayn feodalneri tvin, voronq qaghaqakan xnameakan kaper unein byuzandakan aznvakanneri het ev hatchax karevor dirq u pashtonner ein standznum kayserakan mayraqaghaqum u banakum^[87]։ Makedonakan tan kaysrneri hay cagman masin eghac versian, vorpes avandutyun, kapvum er henc Taroni, aysinqn: Mamikonyan-Tornikyanneri tirapetac erkri het։ Nkati unenq Samuel Anecu: Vasil kaysri masin berac vkayutyuny. «ZVasiln (asen) i Taronoy i geghje Tlay» ^[88]։ Taroni Tily chpiti shphotel Ekeghyac gavari hamanun anvan het, ur gtnvum ein partevakan cagum unecogh katoghikosneric erkusi: Aristakesi ev Nersesi dambarannery։ Nman shphotutyunneri mijocov er himnavorvum Vasil kaysri Arshakuni cagumy, vor nzhari vra ein netum Vasil Makedonacin ev nra hajordnery haykakan erkramaserin ev, arajin hertin, Taronin tiranalu hamar, vor ev glux bervec 964-965 tvakannerin։

XI dari keserin Tarony ev Sasuny mtnum ein Grigor Magistrosi varchutyany handznvac Byuzandiayi arevelyan bdeshxutyan mej, gtnvelov anmijoren Magistrosi phesa Tornik Mamikonyani ishxanutyan nerqo։ Haytni e sra arajnordutyamb sasuncineri varac payqary seljukneri dem^[89]։ Hishvum e naev Philartosi, frankneri ev turq Amr-Phaqri dem Torniki mghac paterazmy, vori zhamanak nra banakum eghac piti lini 50 hazar hetevak, 6 hazar dziavor^[90]։

I verjo seljuknery tiracan bdeshxutyany։ Sakayn tarekan turq vtcharelu handznarutyamb: Mamikonyannery sharunakecin anmijakan ter linel Sasunum ev Taronum։ Ays mi drutyun er, vor hatchax xaxtvum er tshnamu votndzgutyunneri ev Mamikonyanneri nran cuyc tvac dimadrutyan mijadeperov։ Caytun kerpov bnutagrum e dimadrakan ir payqary Tornikin hajordac Chortuanel II Mamikonyany, 1104 tvakanin grac ir mi pargevagrum. «Es Chortuanel bazum aւurc leal tireal hayreni ashxarhis merum Taronoy ev ayl bazum ashxarhac, zoravign unelov zQristos ev zsurb Xachn kenarar ev hramanaւ inqnakalacn Cunac voch zangiteci i sparnaleac ev yarshaւanac azgin ismayelacւoc.., ev mer apaւineal verin ognakanutean, kaceal ariabar ynddem bazmahnar ev charachar marti noca: zamenayn aւurs kenac imoc minchev yetin or cerutean imoy voch eghev xaghaghutiւn im ynd nosa ev zamenayn ashxarhn vor ynd mer dzeramb er: i xaghaghutean paheal^[91]։ Mamikonyanneri ays payqary sharunakvec minchev XII dari kesery, erb Eltkuz Atabeky Xedenek Arcrunuc xlec Amuk berdy ev Vigen Mamikonyan֊Tornikyani dzerqic arav Sasuny^[92]։ Zhamanakakic mi vkayutamb, ankarogh linelov paterazm vov ynktchel Vigenin: turqern «aւarecin teghis teghis i gaւarac nora ev gerecin bazums i qristoneic» ^[93]։

Tornikyannery tohmayin arzhanapatvutyan gitakcutyamb li mardik ein, inchpes Bjnii ev Anii Pahlavuninerin, sranc evs zhamanakakicnery veragrum ein Arshakuni ev Partevakan cagum։ 1101 tvakanin Poghos Taronecin Chortuaneli masin grum er. «Ev aha ishxann hayoc Chortvanels, vor yazge ev i sharaւighe Seneqarimay e, yasoroc tagaւoracn։ Ev i cnndabanutenen Saphasaray, hayreneoq ev mayreneoq bnuteamb ev i yazgyen Abrahamu qeturakan Arshakuni։ Ev i sharaւighen srboyn Grigori Lusaւorchi: vordi Tornka, voroy govutiւn voch ankani» ^[94]։ Inqn iren Chortuanely kochum er «Ishxan Taronւoy ev amenayn hayoc^[95]։ Dzevakanoren «amenayn hayoc» ays ishxannery krknaki vasalakan kaxman mej ein mi koghmic Irani, myus koghmic: byuzandakan ishxoghneric։ Nuyn Poghos Taronecin grum er. «Ev aha vkay duq eq ameneqeanqn: ays mecanun lerinn Tiւrosi. vasn zi sephakan truteamb i gahynkal novilisimose: patueal mecaւ mecaւ patuov i kayseracd horomoc։ Dardzeal: ev i parsic tagaւoracn yamirayakane ynkaleal zishxanutiւns^[96]։

Seljukneri dem mghac payqari yntacqum Mamikonyan-Tornikyannery phastapes handes ein galis vorpes «iranakan» norahayt suverenneri dem apstambac byuzandakan arajapahikner։ Vorpes byuzandakan vasalner nranq baxvum ein naev frankneri het, minchder Agatoni nor versian krum er ir vra ayn zhamanakneri droshmy, erb hayeri byuzandakan koghmnoroshumy nahanjel er arevmtaevropakan koghmnoroshman araj։ Hin versiayi «armannery» kam «ormannery» dardzel ein «alamanneri» kam «frankneri» arajapahikner։ Huyneri hay zinatarnery zijel ein irenc teghy huyneric vrizharu Vagharshakin kam Trdatin։ Inch e nshanakum ays shrjadardzy։ Yst erevuytin veraxmbagrvac Agatony katarel er nuyn evolyucian, vorpisin katarel er veraxmbagrvac Kozerny։ Kilikyan iradrutyan mej erkusn el yndarajum ein arka haraberutyunnerin u pahanjnerin։ Masnavorapes Agatoni nor versian: handzin Vagharshaki kam Trdati, npatak uni andrapatkerel Byuzandiayi dem apstambac ev xachakirneri ozhandakutyamb Kilikiayum hay uruyn ishxanutyun himnadrogh Rubeni ev Rubinyanneri: byuzandakan kaysrutyan dem tarac daravor payqary։ Agatoni gushakutyunnery arit en talis karcelu, te hetagayum Kilikiayi ayd payqarin irenc masnakcutyunn ein berum naev Taroni Mamikonyannery։ I verjo, sranq partvum en։ Mixayel Asorin 1163 tvakani nerqo grum e. «I soyn amin berder zor unein hayq yerkirn Sasnoy, negheal Mufarkinay (=Nphrkerti) amiraye, tuin i Shahi Armen yamirayn Xlatay, zayn vor unein i hin zhamanakac» ^[97]։ Aveli ush, xalifati krac partutyunneric heto, Sasno erkiry hpatakutyun haytnec mongholnerin, Hulaghu xani koghmic trvelov Sadun Arcrunun^[98]։

Tornikyanneri ankman ev Rubinyanneri verelqi darashrjann e phoxadrum mez naev Agatoni aknarky Lusavorchi tan ishxanutyuny verakangnogh «mecagegh, laynatchakat, xoyaqit» ekeghecakani masin։ Aystegh xosqy veraberum e Lusavorchi tan verakangnoghi hambav vayelac ev katoghikosakan nor, Pahlavuni dinastiayi himq dzgac Grigor Vkayaserin (1065-1105) ։ Tornik Mamikonyany Vkayaseri phesan er։ 1189 tvakanin Hetum Tornikyany gaghtec Kilikia։ Rubinyanneri ev Tornikyanneri mej XII dari verjerin steghcvecin xnameakan nor kaper^[99]։

Agatoni veraxmbagrman arajin zhamanakasahmany (terminus post quem) voroshelu hamar karogh enq himq yndunel tpagir «ormanq-alamanq» varianty, vor matnum e Fridrix Barbarosayi anvan het kapvac xachakrac arshavanqi azdecutyan hetqy։ Ays hangamanqy karogh er entadrel tal, te veraxmbagrumy teghi e unecel motavorapes XII dari verjin tasnamyaknerum։ Sakayn tpagri varianty chka Agatoni mez hasac hnaguyn, 1219 tvakanin yndorinakvac dzeragrum։ Chka aydtegh naev bnorosh ays sksvacqy, vor gtnum enq 1626 tvakani mi dzeragir orinakum։ «Ard i lnul yetin darin YTch (=800) amin yaynzham tagavoresce mec Kostandianos hzaւrn, yazge surb ev anuani tagaւoracn vor almanq kochi, zor argeleal er mec tagaւorin Trdata» ^[100]։ Ays arit e talis karcel, te «alaman» -neri varianty aveli ush zhamanaki mijarkutyun e։

Ishxogh patkeracumov «yetin dary» haytnutyan ayn darashrjann er, erb piti teghi unena ashxarhi kataracy։ Yuraqanchyur darashrjani skizby nshvum er «daraglux» kazmogh bibliakan «ancqerov» ։ Erbemn «dary» yndgrkum er amboghj mi hazaramak^[101]։ Mijnadaryan haskacutyamb: astvac inqn e sahmanel ashxarhi hamar yotnadaryan kyanq, vori yntacqum mardik piti apren tazhaneli ashxatanqov. yoty dary lranaluc heto piti gar ashxarhacuph kencaghi kataracy ev ardarneri haverzhakan hangisty^[102]։

«Yetin dari» skizby dnum ein Qristosi cnundy։ Ashxarhi kataracy drvum er Qristosi cnndic cayr arnogh «yotnerord dari» verjum, aysinqn: 1000 tvakanin։ Qani vor 1000 tvakanic heto ashxarhn anxaxt mnac ir teghum, hay heghinakneric vomanq anhrazhesht hamarecin «yetin dary» sksel haykakan tomarov skizb arnogh «daraglxic» ։ «Ismayelacineri» kam «agheghnavorneri» nerxuzhumy kanxagushakelov: Nerses Partevin veragrvac tesilqi heghinaky grum er. «Voch yarice azgn agheghnaւorac i zhamanaks dzer kam vordւoc ev toranc dzeroc, ayl ibrev lnucun tiւq eotnhariւr amac zhamanakac» ։ Ays chi nshanakum te agheghnavorneri nerxuzhumy naxatesvum er Nerses Partevi zhamanakic 700 tari heto, ayl hamashxarhayin-patmakan VII daraglxi lrumic heto, VIII kam «yetin» darashrjanum։ Ayl xosqov asac: «agheghnavorneri» nerxuzhumy azdanshelu er ayn darashrjani skizby, erb, qristoneakan mijnadarum ishxogh patkeracumneri hamadzayn, katarvelu er «zhamanakneri lrumy», aysinqn: ashxarhi vaxtchany։ V. Aygekcin, henvelov Nersesin veragrvac margareutyan vra, ashxarhi kataracy naxatesnum er hayoc tomari skzbic hashvac «i verjin kiraken i katarumn eotn daru, i mut ut darun yaraւotun zhamun yorzham yareal i gerezmanen Qristnu» ^[103]։ Yst Vardani «Ashxarhagrutyan» Hovhannu haytnutyan naxatesvac gog ev magog kochvac azgery piti erevan «yorzham yetin daren ancani PKD (=864) am» ։ Sranic shat tarber cher, erb Agatony «Nor Kostandianosi» erevumy naxatesum er «yetin dari» 800 tvakanin։ Handipum e naev «i lnul amac E-anc darin, mtneluc YRYTch ev X amin» varianty, vor vercanum enq yoterord hazaramyaky (dary) lracac, uterordi 840 tvakany։

Agatoni veraxmbagrman verjin ezri hamar elaket piti unenanq hnaguyn orinaki tvakany։ Chnayac ir hnutyan: ayd orinaky evs azat che aghtchatumneric, ayspes, ayd orinakn uni «ormanq» terminy, phoxanak «armenq» -i kam get «armanq» -i։ Yst erevuytin Haritchum yndorinakvac variantic araj Agatoni kanxatesutyunnery bavakan erkar patmutyun unen irenc etevum։

Ete nkatenq, vor gushakutyunneri xmbagroghy antesum e Zaqaryanneri zhamanak hyusisayin Hayastanum teghi unecac hay feodalakan ishxanutyunneri kazmavorumy: piti ezrakacnenq, vor na dzernarkel er ir ashxatanqin Zaqaryanneri bardzracumic araj, ayl xosqov: XII dari 90-akan tvakanneric araj։

Inch lezvov er grvel gushakutyunneri skzbnagiry ev vov er dra heghinaky։ Agatoni gushakutyunnerin hamapatasxanogh otaralezu voreve bnagir minch hima haytnvac che։ Nra mot evs laynoren koghoptvac en ashxarhi kataraci hamaqristoneakan grakan aghbyurnery, sakayn gushakutyunneri patmakan ataghdzn u qaghaqakan tendency kaskac chen toghnum, vor gorc unenq hay heghinaki dzerqov grvac erki het։

Agatoni gushakutyuny vorosh merdzavorutyun e matnum Mamikonyan-Tornikyan mijavayrin։ Ete yndunenq, vor Mamikonyan֊Tornikyan tirapetutyan zhamanakashrjani grakan gorceri tvin e patkanum voch miayn gushakutyunneri xmbagrutyuny, aylev dranc skzbnagiry, apa XI dari verjerin hraparaki vra eghac ayd skzbnagiry grvac piti lini X dari verjeric voch araj, bayc, aynuamenayniv, Tarony Chmshkiki zenqov nvatcheluc heto։

Agatoni gushakutyunneri ev Kozerni tesilneri ideakan vorosh zugadipumnery arit en tvel Mxitaryan banaser B. Sargisyanin: nuynacnel Agatoni veraxmbagroghin Kozerni het^[104]։

Mer arac bolor ditoghutyunneric heto anynduneli piti hamarenq ayd entadrutyuny։ Amenic araj «Kozerni tesilnery» Kozerni grchi artadrutyuny chen, ayl nra anuny shahagorcogh apokrif kam «zruyc» ։ Kozerni aprac zhamanaki ev Agatoni veraxmbavorman mijev ynknum e arnvazn mi amboghj dar։ Tchisht e, vor taroneci er Kozerny, tchisht e ev ayn, vor Taroni kniq en krum irenc vra naev Agatoni gushakutyunnery։ Sakayn gorcuneutyan hangamanqnerov Kozerny, hamerkraci Asoghiki pes, kapvac e Shiraki het, minchder Agatoni voch hin, voch nor versianery Shiraki het kapvac chen։

Kozerny hamarvum er hay ekeghecu heghinakavor vardapetneric meky։ Nran anvanum en «surb vardapet ayr astuacazgeac ev hreshtakakron ev li isk araqelakan margareakan groc gituteamb» ^[105]։ Nran vorpes astvacabani, gituni ev «banibun hretori», tomarageti kam patmabani mecarum en Lastivertcin, Asoghiky, Mxitar Anecin ev urishnery։ Alishany nshum e nra hmtutyuny, zgonutyuny ev korovi haykabanutyuny^[106]։ Korovi haykabanutyan droshmy mnum e naev Kozerni anuny krogh tesilqneri mez hasac xmbagrutyan vra^[107]։

Voch meky ays hatkutyunneric cheq gtni Agatoni gushakutyunneri mej, voronc heghinaky vochnchov chi ardaracnum nran hatkacvac «anhaght philisophayi» horjorjumy։ Hretorakan ev haykabanakan hnarqneric taphur mi gorc e da: te ibrev mtahghacum, te ibrev steghcagorcutyun։ Grakan seri tesaketic da motenum e fantastik vepi, mi zhanr, vor cher karogh hamynknel Bagratunyac patmichi, gituni, astvacabani ev «banibun hretori» tchashakin։ Diteli hangamanq e, vor dzeragreri mej Agatoni gushakutyunnery shat hatchax handipum en henc yntercoghneri layn shrjanneri hamar kazmvogh xarn zhoghovacuneri mej, ur zeteghvac en linum tomarakan giteliqner, oracuycner, erazahanner, ashxarhagrakan teghekutyunner ev ayln:

Karogh e aynuamenayniv harc cagel miayn ayn masin, chka ardyoq voreve arnchutyun Kozerni anvan het kapvac apokrifi ev Agatoni gushakutyunnery xmbagrogh grchi mijev։ Vorosh nmanutyun ardzanagrecinq ayn hangamanqi mej, vor Agatoni ev Kozerni verjin xmbagrutyunnery matnum en Kilikyan mijavayri yndhanur azdecutyuny։ Sakayn himq chka pndelu, te mievnuyn grichn e henc, vor katarum er dranc veraxmbagrumy։

3. Dashanc tughty

Kilikian ev xachakirnery: Grakan ardzaganqner: Trdati ev Lusavorchi legendy «Dashanc tghti» mej: «Dashanc tghti» xmbagrman zhamanaky: Azatagrakan legendi nertaphancumy «Dashanc tghti» aghbyurnery ev nra nergorcutyan sharavighy։

Byuzandakan agresiayi ev seljukneri arshavanqneri tchnshman tak hay zhoghovrdi ev feodalneri mi masy XI dari yntacqum gaghtec hayreni erkric ev hamakentronanalov hyusisayin Mijagetqum, Siriayum ev Kilikiayum: hastatec ayd erkrnerum feodalakan masnavor ishxanutyunner։ Taserkuerord dari yntacqum karevorutyun stacav hatkapes hay feodalakan dianstianeric meki: Rubinyanneri: Kilikiayum kazmakerpac ishxanutyuny։ Ogtagorcelov seljukneri ev huyneri hakamarty, Rubinyannery skzbnapes amracan lernayin Kilikiayum, isk hetagayum taracecin irenc ishxanutyuny amboghj Kilikiayi vra, vori bnakchutyan xoshor mi masy baghkacac er dardzyal noragaght hayeric։ Haykakan ays ishxanutyan hamar miarzhamanak npastavor eghav xachakrac arajin arshavanqy, vory het mghelov seljuknerin Phoqr Asiayi ev Siriayi covamerdz shrjanneric: hnaravorutyun tvec Lernayin Klikiayum ishxogh Rubinyannerin nvatchelu byuzandacineri ev seljukneri tirapetutyan tak gtnvac dashtayin Kilikiayi tiruytnery։ Sakayn xachakirnerin Kilikiayin hascrac tevakan vnasn aveli mec eghav, qan nranc tvac zhamanakavor oguty։ Nranc «barekamutyuny» mekusacnum er Rubinyanneri petutyuny: tshnamanqi vih phorum nra ev harevan petutyunneri mijev ev i verjo hardzakman ancac musulman feodalneri kataghutyan zoh dardznum xachakirneri qristonya «dashnakicnerin», dranc tvum naev hayerin։ Ankax sranic, hatchax xachakir feodalnern isk handes ein galis arevelyan qristonyanerin tchnshoghneri u kegheqoghneri derum։ Haytni e, orinak, ayn payqary, vor tanum ein huyneri dem Edesiayi xachakirnery։ Nranq en dardzyal, vor vochnchacrin u hoghmacriv arin Mijagetqi ev Siriayi hay ishxanutyunnery։ Hazvadep chein sur baxumnery naev xachakirneri ev kilikecineri mijev։

Karogh er tval, te Kilikiayi het xachakir Evropayi knqac arevtrakan dashnagrery piti zark tayin teghakan arevtrin u ardyunagorcutyany, npastein kilikyan qaghaqneri zargacmany։ Sakayn xachakir arevtrakannery nuynqan qich ein shahagrgrvac dranc mej, vorqan ev nranc hetaga zharangordnery: kapitalistakan Arevmutqi gaghutararnery։

Ushagrav hangamanq e, vor, hakarak burzhuakan patmagirneri havastiacman, mijazgayin arevtri mej Kilikiayi Ayas navahangisty xoshor nshanakutyun stacav voch te xachakir tagavorutyunneri kam latinakan imperiayi zhamanak, ayl ghranc ankumic heto։ Dashnagreri mej Ayasi anuny arajin angam hishatakvum e latinakan kaysrutyan ankman tarum: 1261 tvakanin։ Nra nshanakutyuny sksum e bardzranal Akkayi ankumic heto: hasnelov ir azdecutyan gagatnaketin XIV dari skzbnerin^[108]։

XI—XII darerum Rubinyannery karoghacan apahovel irenc petutyan ankaxutyun: payqarelov voch miayn Rumi sultanneri, aylev Antioqi frankneri dem։ Aravel chaphov ays qaghaqakanutyuny hajoghec Kilikiayi hay tagavorutyan himnadir Levon II-in։ «Levon II-i gorcuneutyuny, - iravacioren grum er Kilikyan Hayastani patmutyan sovetahay hetazotogh prof. G. Miqayelyany, - inchpes haytni e, teghi uner mijazgayin bard iradrutyan mej։ Na gorc uner Salah-ad-dini, Fridrix Barbarosayi, Inokentios Ill-i ev Phoqr Asiayi seljukyanneri het, ynd smin drsevorelov divanagitakan artakarg yndunakutyunner։ Na tarav mi sharq haghtanakner, voronc hetevanqov zgalapes bardzracav kilikyan hay petutyan razmaqaghaqakan prestizhy» ^[109]։ Dzhbaxtabar Levoni hajordnery arcarcecin miayn nra qaghaqakanutyan nvaz ardyunavor koghmy: nra merdzecumy xachakirnerin u papakan Hromin։

Hromin arac dzevakan xostumneri ev xachakirnerin hatkacrac mi qani artonutyunneri gnov Levon Il-y janum er pashtpanvel islam Arevelqic u qristonya Byuzandiayic ev amracnum voch miayn ir ishxanutyuny, aylev hayadavan ekeghecin։ Hishenq hunaser Lambronacun ughghac nra kshtambanqy, hay vanqerin hatkacrac nra nvernery, nra payqary Tatcharakanneri dem ev manavand nra dimadrutyuny Inokentios III papin։ Sakayn tarber eghav Levonin hajordac Hetumi ev hetumyanneri yntacqy։ Hromin u Arevmutqin arac irenc zijumnerov sranq hatchax voch te dimadrum, ayl ozhandakum ein xachakir gaghutararnerin u tchortatererin։ Kilikiayum hastatvac frank martnchogh ordennery: «Qristonya enicherinery», inchpes nranc anvanel e Marqsy, yndardzak kalvacner stanalov hay ishxoghneric, mtahogvac ein voch aynqan sranc petutyan yntacik pashtpanutyan, vorqan nranc hogineri handerdzyal phrkutyan masin։ Rubinyanneri het xnameacac Kiprosi, Antioqi ev myus petutyunneri xachakir baxtaxndirnery kang charan angam nranc amrocnery haphshtakelu ev Barbarosayi zharangneric nranc stacac arqayakan tagy goghanalu araj։ Hajord dareri yntacqum franknery kilikecineric pahanjum ein voch miayn kronakan, aylev kulturakan hpatakutyun, «frankacum» voch miayn davanutyamb, aylev: lezvov։ Irenc gorcuneutyamb nranq miayn npastum ein Kilikiayi hay petakanutyan tkaracmany ev i verjo: nra etnikakan dimakazrkmann u qaghaqakan kazmalucmany։

Irenc dazhanutyunnerov u koghoputnerov hay strkavatcharneri het miacac frank zavtichnery aveli lav chein turq ayn ishxoghneric, voronc dzerqic ekel ein «phrkelu» qristonya Arevelqy։ 1149 tvakanin grac ir hishatakaranum Grigor Marashecin, patmelov Antioq arshavac Turgmani (Xlitcho-Aslan I-i vordu) masin, haghordum e: «anpatrast gtaւ zerkirn ev anaւgnakan, ar ev eber i Marash anasun bazum, mard RSh (=1500) ev tghayq, zor i vec qartez caxein, ev apa erku dahekan, ev zayln taran։ Isk sut qristoneayq: hayer ev frankis: skizbn ararin aւerman erkris, gayin ayrein zor shinecin tarapealqn ev ziւreanq merk ev bok ararin, varein ev anbnak ararin (i) mardoy ev (y) anasnoy։ Ztghays votics unein ev glxivayr dzeroqs i shurj acein te: gneceq» ^[110]։ Markos tchgnavory, Marashi moterqic xachakrac arajin arshavanqi ardyunqnery tesneluc heto, zur cher margareanum frankneri ankumy։ «Yatchaxen chariq mardkan ev aւeri ashxarh yaylazgeac, ev phakin drunq ekeghecac, ev zErusaghem dardzeal arnu turqn» ^[111]։

Haskanali e, te inchu Kilikiayi qaghaqakan dimazrkumy psakogh hay «miabanoghakan» ekeghecazhoghovnery araj ein berum kilikahay massaneri burn zayruyty, hasnelov erbemn aktiv dimadrutyan։

Harkav Minervayi bun gishern e durs trchum, ev galiqi txur herapatkernery misht che, vor nshmarum en artun zhamanakakicnery։ Mi pah hayery tarvac ein ayn patranqov, te «tiroj» gerezmani azatagrman ev arevelyan qristonyaneri phrkutyan hamar e, vor sur en vercrel ev xach bardzracrel Arevmutqi katolik aspetnery։ «Iւraqanchiւr zoroqn gayin yognutiւn qristoneic ev ar phrkel yaylazgeac zsurb qaghaqn Erusaghem ev azatel i Tatchkac zsurb gerezmann astuacynkal, arq pharaւorq ev tagaւorazunq, haւatov ev amenayn astuacapashtuteamb zardarealq ev ein snealq i gorcs barutean» - grum er arajin xachakirneri masin Urhayecin» ^[112]։ «Hromeaciq elin ynd Tirak i komans Asiacւoc xndrel zqen vrizhuc tarapanac qristoneic i Skiւtacւoc ev i Parsic: handerdz Tatchkastanu», dzaynakcum e nran hajord erku arshavanqneri zhamanakakic Samuel Anecin» ^[113]։ Ayspes ein ymbrnum xachakirneri npataknery naev shat urishnery։ Voghbalov xachakirneri gravac Edesiayi ankumy, Shnorhalin uzum er husal, te piti uzheghanan noric hromayecinery ev nranc haghtakan banaknery «ibrev yzcovu: aleac kutak», piti hasnen minchev Xorasan, Babelon ev Meqqa, piti lini yndhanur xaghaghutyun, vtarandi zhoghovurdy piti darna krkin hayreniq u apri erjanik։

Ir poemum Shnorhalin nkaragrum e xachakir «mecatanc gnderi» dazhan ayn paterazmy, vorov hastatvelu e erazac ays xaghaghutyuny.

Maqren zashxarhys bovandak, Yanhaւatic arnen datark, Zmahmetakan: azg hasarak, Arnun yaւar ev yaspatak... Ayspes jynjin noqa ispar, I sur suser: i teg nizak El zayln arnen: phaxystakan, Varen minch yaynkoys anbynak... Tiren amen erkri cagac, El yndhanur kogh ashxarhac Qristoneic: hanur azgac Phrkich linin: yanorinac։ Yekeghecisyn xaւarac Yaynzham vari: loys kanteghac։ El vor carayqn ein charac, Xarnin i gundsyn mecatanc. Gan zhoghovin: yamen koghmanc Ur halaceal en ev cyruac Lini ashxarh qristoneic Anchaph ’ւ anbaւ: bareoq lycac. Lini arat : pytugh bazmac, Sermac ’ւ amen: pytghaberac, Mardik cyncan zuartchacac, Yutel yympelyn pararac...

-grum e na: vkayaberelov Nerses Partevi tesilqy^[114]։

Erkrord xachakrac arshavanqin masnakcac zhamanakagir Otto Freyzingy patmum e Edesiayi ankumic heto Evgenios III papi mot ugharkvac mi patgamavorutyan masin, vory nor xachakrac arshavanq kazmakerpelu xndir er dnum Arevmutqum։ Ays kapakcutyamb, harum e patmichy, hraparakvec Lui VII tagavorin veraberogh mi margareutyun. vomanq matnanshum ein dra sibilyan cagumy, urishnery hamarum ein da hayazgi haytnutyun^[115]։ Kaskac chka, vor ayd patgamavorutyan mej masnakcutyun unein naev hay patvirakner, qani vor, inchpes havastiacnum e Freyzingy, Lui Vll-y ev germanakan Konrad III kaysry, voronq glux ein ancnelu erkrord arshavanqin: entadrum ein gravel Damaskosy ev dzerq meknel Hayastani ev Edesiayi irenc barekamnerin։ Sakayn, tagakir xachakirneri janqery zur ancan, uzh talov nranc barekamneri trtunjnerin։

Grigor erecy 1160 tvakanin mot zhamanaknerum huyneri u frankneri partutyunnery patmelis verhishum e dardzyal Partev hayrapeti kanxatesutyunnery- huyn kaysrneri tulutyuny ev kreliq partutyuny^[116]։ Harkav ays vkayakochutyuny hakasum er gushakutyunneri zhamanakabanakan hajordakanutyany։ Sakayn dzhvar e hajordakanutyan u stugutyan pahanj dnel, erb gorc es unenum ays kargi vkayakochumneri het։

Xachakrac erkrord arshavanqi araj berac husaxabutyunnery tevakan cheghan։ Haytni en ayn hatkanshumnery, vor hajord, errord arshavanqi kapakcutyamb, lcordum er xachakir Barbarosayi anvan het Lambronacin, hrchakelov nran «azatich», «ays ashxarhi phrkich» ^[117]։ Barbarosayi masin er grum naev Vardan patmichy, te «gayr i goyzh sgoy surb gerezmanin ev amenayn qristoneic» ^[118]։ Arden ditenq ayn ardzaganqi masin, vor gtan ays spasumnery naev azatagrakan legendi xmbagrutyunneri mej, cagman patmakan ancagiry korcrac «armanq» terminn ays pahin veracvum er «alamanq» -i: harkav: aranc «hnchyunabanakan holovuyti» mijamtutyan... Barbarosayi mahy ev «alamanneri» krac charachar korustnery vhatutyun chberin Kilikiayi frankasernerin։ Hovhannes Arqayeghbayry phrkutyan huyser er kapum fransiakan Philip II Avgust ev angliakan Richard Aryucasirt «xachynkal» tagavorneri het։

Ayl xachyngalqn phutov gan y Erusaghemn vernakan ev nocin eghbarqn, vor ast mnan zmartn drdel voch dzandzracan։ Hromay arqayn, vor Alaman biւruq i yayskoyss meran sakayn mnacealqn voch kasecan evs bazum ynd covn gan։ Ayzhm phrangac Philip arqayn ev ynglizacn nmin nman lceal i gorc tearn hasan, ekin ar mez i chorrords am։ Soqaւq spasemyq vւrkutean ev Astucoy mer aւgnutean, zi zmargareics dardzin zban vayeleloy gtcuq arzhan ^[119]։

Anardzaganq chi mnacel Kilikiayum nuynisk xachakrac chorrord arshavanqy, vor kazmakerpecin venetikcinern u jenovacinery, arshavanq, vor phastoren hangec byuzandakan kaysrutyan avararman u tevakan okupacman։

1204 t. Grigor dpiry Hromklayum grac ir hishatakaranum nshelov K. Polsi avararumy, chi kamenum, aynuamenayniv, eres dardznel xachakir zavtichneric։ «Ev mer aysocik teghekaceal: yarajin trtmuteancn sakaւik mi stapheal uraxacaq, - grum e na, - ev yst naxagushak margareutean srboyn Nersesi spasemq phrkutean surb ev astuacakox qaghaqin Erusaghemi, naev amenayn ashxarhis» ^[120]։ Sakayn aveli herahas ardzaganq en gtel ays aknkalutyunnery xachakirneri errord ev chorrord arshavanqneri zhamanak xmbagrvac anvaver ayn grvacqum, vory mutq gorcelov Agatangeghosi patmutean dzeragir orinakneri mej, haytni dardzav «Dashanc tught» anunov^[121]։

«Siro ev miabanutyan» ayd «Dashinqy», vor ibr te grel u knqel en Kostandinos kaysrn u Seghbestros papy mi koghmic, ev Trdat tagavorn u Grigor Lusavorichy myus koghmic, sharadrum Trdati ev Lusavorchi Hrom gnalu araspely, hramcnelov ayd vorpes eghelutyun։ Papy vorakavorvum e aydtegh vorpes «atorakal glxaւorac araqelocn: Petrosi ev Poghosi vor erkraւor ev erknaւor banaleoq uni ishxanutiւn yarevmtic minchev yarevels i veray amenayn azgac qristosadaւanic, kapogh ev ardzakogh i yerkins ev i yerkri ev hramanahan hzor yyntanur yekeghecis Qristosi» ^[122]։ Papi ev myus hayrapetneri handep hlu vasali deri mej e angam Hromi kaysry. sa haytararum e ir isk beranov te: «Ard yaysm hete hnazandemq hors meroy hogevori ev dnemq ztag tagaւoruteans meroy ynd votiւq hayrapetacs srboc. ev meq kamq i nerqoy dzerin soca: kamakatar caray astuacoyn ev astuacareal srbocs» ^[123]։ Vovqer en gerazor ayd hayrapetnern u srbery։ Kostandinos kaysri anunic haytararvum e. «Halatamq tchshtuteamb te eotn sւn en yashxarhi i merum zhamanaki. surbn Seghbestro: yarevmuts, ev surbn Grigor: yarevels։ El surbn Anton: i haraւ։ El surbn Nikoghayos: i hiւsis։ Ev surbn Makar: yErusaghem։ Ev surbn Yakob i Mcbin։ Ev surbn Ephrem i yUrhay» ^[124]։

Hromum papy katoghikos e dzernadrum Lusavorchin ev hrchakum nran «hamapatiւ mer hzor atoroys Erusaghemin, ev Antioqin ev Agheqsandrin» ։ Katoghikosnery piti dzernadrven hay tagavorneri arajarkutyamb: episkoposneri dzerqov։ Hayastani katoghikosy dzernadrum e vrac ev Aghvanic katoghikosnerin։ Erusaghemi, Antioqi ev Agheqsandriayi patriarqnery piti dzernadrven hay katoghikosi kamqov ev yntrutyamb, ev xostovanen nran irenc havati davanutyuny vorpes papi «glxaphoxanordi» ev asiakan mijnashxarhi «hramanatari» ^[125]։

Ir hertin kaysry tagadrum e Trdatin, hatkacnum nran aylevayl iravunqner u pargevner, shnorhum nran Qristosi cnndavayr Betghehemi ishxanutyuny, bazhin hanum nran xachaphaytic, ozhtum nran «covayin odatrich erivaroq, voskesaroq haւelenoq^[126] ev nizakoq vishapamxoq» ^[127]։ Ir koghmic Trdaty tramadrum e Kostandinosin arajamart zinvorner։ Kostandinosi anunic ardzanagrvac e. «Xndreci yarqayen Trdatay ars GTch (=300) hasakaւ ev ariuteamb hoyakapq, zors ev armenq anuaneci, ev kargeci i spasaւorutiւn arqunakan gahoyic imoc, zoregh hskichq i tue ev i gisheri, ev arajapahestqi paterazmi։ Zham e aysuhetev gal indz i tesils, ev yaytnutiւns: zor ter ecoyc indz. yet bazum amac ishxanqn hayoc taragren ztunn Trdatay... ev inqeanq ankanin ynd lcov carayutean aylazgeac ams bazums... tarapanoq tarapi azgn hayoc minchev yels hogւoc iւreanc, voroc phrkutiւn i tearne eghici ev yognutiւn yazgatohme imme. bayc ays eghici i zhamanaks yetins: yorzham yaytnescin nshxarq srboc Suqiasanc qoshicn, zor es amphopheci arajnorduteamb hreshtaki tearn i Zarevand (piti liner: Zarehavan. A. H.) gaւari^[128]։ Ayspisov margareakan shunch arac Kostandinosy evs gushakum e Arshakunineri ankumy ev hayeri gerumy, xostanalov miazhamanak nranc azatumy ir hajordneri, hromeakan kaysrneri dzerqov^[129]։

Knqvac dashinqy sahmanum e naev ayn skzbunqnery, voronc vra hangchelu e Hayastani hanrakargy. «Ard ekegheci ev ekeghecakanq amenayn goyiւq iւreanc azat ev anhark licin amenayn dimosakan harkac arquni։ Naev vorq unin znshan kusutean ev parkeshtutean arq ev kanayq chuxazgestq ev paregotahanderdzq ameneqean azat licen ev arqunust zgeccin ev kerakrescin... isk hamoren mardikq sephhakan azgac daghmatacւoc (yst dzeragir orinakneri: «ev hayoc») amenevin anglxahark licin, yamenayn vastakoc iւreanc hngeak tacen i druns arquni. ev ayl dimos mi ertice i druns noca։ Isk ayl azg ev lezuq: zors mecaւ paterazmaւ hnazandecucaq meq ev hayq: noqa partin mez zgins glxoc iւreanc bac i hngeken։ El tan mez voski ev arcat yst kari i tarin ereq angam. garunn i zlxe, ev yamarn yanasne. ev ashunn yardeanc mte։ Isk aghqatqn ev otarqn ynd aysosik mi yishescin։ Bayc vatcharakanq vor shrjen anah ev shahen i mer ashxarhis yamenayn ishxanutean merum ev voskehanq ev arcatahanq bazhins hancen mez» ^[130]։

«Ariakan latinacoc» (= daghmatacoc) ev «anhaghteli torgomacoc» (=hayoc) mijev knqac «siro ev miabanutean» ays dashinqi zorutyuny vaveracnogh koghmery taracum en minchev «i katarac ashxarhi» ։ Phastapes tghti anvaverakanutyuny vaghuc arden nshvac e u merkacvac^[131]։

Hiravi Trdati ev Kostandinosi, Seghbesarosi ev Lusavorchi handipumy hayeri inqnasirutyuny shoyogh mi legend er, vori masin angam Alishany grum er te: «Vorchaph inch vor aւandvac e nkatmamb xndroys: vomanc baւakan cherevir i stugutiւn. sakayn ete stoyg ayl chyllar, aynqan yarmar ev vayeluch er, vor zrete ankareli ayl kyrnar ysuil chyllaln» ։ Patmutyuny ev araspely hashtecnelu barepasht ays eghanaky zaveshtakan e grete^[132]։

Trdati ev Kostandinosi dashinqi masin vkayum en arden hin heghinaknery։ Piti karcel, te dashinqi patmutyunn ayl inch cher, qan qristoneacrac mi zruyc handisavor ayn yndunelutyan masin, vorin mer tvakanutyan arajin darum arzhanacel er hetanos Trdat 1-y, qristoneahalac Neron kaysri koghmic։ Haytni e, vor ays Trdatn er henc, vor hromeakan kaysri dzeric stacav arqayakan ir patvanshannery։ Hromeakan heghinaknery haghordum en naev, vor depi Hrom katarac tasnamsya tchanaparhordutyan zhamanak nran ughekcum er mec shqaxumb ev ereq hazaranoc partevakan mi jokat^[133]։ Yst erevuytin ayn Trdati oroq, vorn iskapes eghel e Hromum, Arshakuni cagum unecogh dinastian takavin aynqan qich vstahutyun uner depi ir erkri zhoghovurdy, vor andznakan pashtpanutyan hamar kariq er zgum voch te hay, ayl partev tiknapahneri։ Nor mi phast, te vorqan ein heranum hetaga zruycnery patmakan iradardzeric^[134]։

Sakayn «Dashanc tughty» gerazancum e Trdati masin patmvogh myus zruycneric։ Aystegh gorc unenq voch miayn zhoghovrdakan legendneri, aylev mi keghciqi het, vori vra dzhvar che nshmarel ush zhamanakneri ekeghecaqaghaqakan tendency։ Kostandinosyan hanrahayt «keghc nviragri» het mrcogh «siro ev miabanutyan» ays tughty karucvac e «astuacyntir zhoghovrdi», nerka depqum Hromi: gerishxanutyan, nra tiezerakan ekeghecapetutyan gaghaphari vra։ Ashxarhik-qaghaqakan ishxanutyuny storadrvac e hogevor-ekeghecakan ishxanutyan։ «Astuacyntir zhoghovrdi» ev hpatak zhoghovrdi hakadrumy hetevoghakanoren srvac e manavand: qristonyaneri ev voch qristonyaneri hakadrman mej։ Azatagrveliq Hayastanum sahmanvelu e mi iravakarg, vory lok shrjumn e linelu musumanakan orenqi. qristonyaneri phoxaren glxahark en vtcharelu musulmannery. asel e musulman nvatchoghneri sahmanac anhavasarutyan teghy brnelu e hayeri sahmaneliq anhavasarutyuny։ Arden isk ays manramasnutyuny phoxadrum e mez Trdati ev Kostandinosi zhamanakneric xachakir feodalneri ev nranc dashnakicneri «azatagrvac» ashxarhy։ Xachakir ayd petutyunneri mej nvatchvacnery drvac en banogh grasti ev xosun gorciqi vitchakum։ Ashxatavor gyughacinery—musulman arabner kam qristonya huyner ev siriaciner- datapartvac ein tchort-parikosneri drutyan։ Nuyn drutyuny ishxum er naev Kilikiayum։ Hayern aydtegh tirogh tarr ein: voch miayn parikosneri vitchakum gtnvac musulmanneri, aylev qristonya huyneri, siriacineri ev angam frankneri handep, voronq durs ein mnum eqsteritorial iravunqneri shrjanakic^[135]։ Hay shinakannern aydtegh takavin gamvac chein hoghin. nranq unein mi vitchak, vor hishecnum e arevmtyan kolonneri vitchaky^[136]։ Vardan patmichy Levon II-i masin grum er: «ev er tchox ev haghtazgac ev harkadir ev lcatanj amenayn shrjaka azgacn» ^[137]։ Ays vitchaky paterazmakan iravunqi parz hetevutyunneric er. «Ev gitel part e, - grum er Smbati «Datastanagirqy», - vor ayl halal kumash chka ev mutq: qan zayn, vor mard ir trovn shahi yanorinac^[138]։ Caytun kerpov sheshtvac e musulman hpatakneri storadas vitchaky ayn phasti mej, vor nranc aryan giny nshanakvac er 100 dahekan, minchder qristonyaneriny: 300 dahekan^[139]։

Aveli mec bariq e xostanum «Dashanc tughty» hay ekeghecakannerin։ Aystegh karevor che ayn hangamanqy, vor sranq azat ein haytararvum dimosakan kam arquni turqeric։ Hay ekeghecakannery vayelum ein ayd azatutyuny naev aranc «Dashanc tghti» ։ Norutyun er, sakayn, artonvac ayn drutyuny, vor xostanum er «Dashanc tughty» hay ekeghecun: arevelyan myus ekeghecineri hamematutyamb։

Haytni e, vor hay ekeghecin skzbnapes entarkvum er Kesariayi episkoposapetin ev anchaph heru er artonvac ayn dirqic, vor ibrev te hatkacrac en eghel nran Kostandinosn u Seghbestrosy։ Miayn keghc, xabusik u mitumnavor mi tught karogh er shaghkapel hay ekeghecu skzbnavorman patmutyuny Hromi het, ynd smin tiezerakan ekeghecu mej veragrelov hay ekeghecun aynpisi dirq, vorpisin na unecac che erbeq։ Hay katoghikosutyuny voch miayn gerishxogh, ayl nuynisk havasarazor chi tchanachvel erbeve Erusaghemi, Antioqi kam Aleqsandriayi patriarqutyunneri handep։ Bayc ays mecaranqi zhamanak isk «Dashanc tghti» xmbagroghy parzum e staxos ir lezun։ Haytni e, vor chorrord dari skzbum, baci Hromi papic ev Antioqi u Aleqsandriayi patriarqutyunneric, goyutyun uner naev nranc havasarazor Ephesosi patriarqutyuny, vori iravunqnery mi qani tasnamyak heto ancan K. Polsi patriarqutyany։ «Dashanc tughty» lrum e te Ephesosi ev te nran hajordac K. Polsi patriarqutyan masin։ Ays lrutyuny mez phoxadrum e chorrord daric xachakrac chorrord arshavanqi zhamanaknery, erb gravelov Polisy: xachakirnery entarkecin nra patriarqutyuny papi gerishxanutyany, phastapes i chiq dardznelov patriarqakan ishxanutyuny։ Patahakan che, vor Polsi patriarqutyan phoxaren «Dashanc tghti» heghinaknery npatakaharmar en hamarum hishatakel xachakrac arshavanqneri darashrjanum karevorutyun stacac Erusaghemi patriarqutyuny ev miazhamanak havastiacumner anel arevelyan myus atorneri nkatmamb hayoc katoghikosutyan vayelac gaherecutyan masin։ Bnorosh e naev, erb «Dashanc tughty» turqeric azat er haytararum aghqatnerin ev otarnerin։ Otarnerin xostacvogh imunitety cuyc e talis arevmtyan nershnchumneri arkayutyuny, aranc voronc anhnarin er «Dashanc tghti» arajacumy։ Inch veraberum e aghqatneri hishatakman, ays dzri mi xostum er, vorov «Dashanc tghti» heghinaknery dzgtum ein kartel hay zhoghovrdakan massaneri hamakranqy։

Qnnelov Agatoni gushakutyunnery: ushadrutyun dardzrinq Lusavorchi tohmi katoghikosutyuny verakangnelu shurjy arcarcvogh mtaynutyan vra ev matnanshecinq ayn aknkalutyunnery, vor kapvum ein ayd aritov qaghkedonakan Byuzandioni ev Hromi het։ Nerses Shnorhali katoghikosy (1166—1173), vori arevmtyan koghmnoroshumy canot e mez arden, hpartoren veragrum er iren Pahlavuni֊Arshakuni cagum։

«I yishatak bareac hogւoy Bareparisht cnoghac meroy, Yazgen golov Pahlaւunoy, Hamatohmic Arshaknւnւoys» ^[140]։

Shnorhalu eghbayr Grigor Phoqr kochvac katoghikosi (1113-1166) masin Gandzakecin asum e, te Erusaghemi franknern u nranc patriarqy «araւel ser hastatecin ynd azgis merum vasn nora..., zhin dashins Trdatay ev srboyn Grigori ev Kostandianosi : kayser ev Seghbestrosi hayrapetin verstin hastatecin ev norogecin ar sovaւ» ^[141]։ Grigor Tgha Pahlavuni katoghikosi (1173—1193) masin mijnadaryan ananun mi zhamanakagrutyan mej kardum enq. «Vordi er sa Pahlaւunoyn hzor sparapetin Vasilin unelov i dzerin yzgundn Arshakunin, zor ev mecn Sahak etes datarkaceal։ Zsa patւeal papn Hroma ev zazgn iւr ev greac Erusaghem ev Antioq unel gna vorpes zandzn iւr» ^[142]։ Nuyn ays Grigor Tghayi masin Vardan patmichy grum e. «Araqer ev noyn patriargn episkopos mi: Grigor anun, i papn Hroma vasn vtangin vor i Yunac krein Hayq ev zi xndrescen aghots ev aւrhnutiւns: vorpes ev arajinqn, zor kari mecareac papn ev et patarag arnel ev haghordecaւ, ev hagoyc nma ziւr qahanayakan ishxanutean handerdzn։ Ev haւaqeac ar inqn zamenayn patuaւors.- zkaysrn Alamanac ev ztagaւorn Anglizac ev ztagaւorn Phrancisac iւrancanovqn, ev zpatriargn Alamanac, vor uni qsan ev hing hazar dziaւore ev zarhi episkoposn Spanioy, vor uni qsan hazar dziaւor ev zarqepiskoposn surb Cakobay, vor tire hing hazar dziaւorac, ev yaysm koghm ane zpatriargn Erusaghemi։ Ev i xorhurd mteal noqoq greac gir (var. «grecin gir») hramanaւ surb araqelocn i noca eresac.- «Ete hayoc paariargn yaynkoys covu ishxanutiւn kalci: i veray Hayoc ev Cunac ev amenayn azgac qristoneic, vorpes meq yaysm koghmane erknaւor ev erkraւor banaleoq։ Ev vasn zi erkayn tchanaparh i mej im ev eghbor imoy: Hayoc patriargin, araqeci nma zim patriargakan vakasyn ev zpsakn ev zkoshikn, zi zayn zgeceal patriargesce mataneaւ handerdz» ։ Ev ase cepiskoposn Grigor «Tar ev zgeco patriargin, ev yaynm het e nma lici patiւ ishxanutean yaviteans yavitenic» ^[143]։

XIII dari ev aveli ush zhamanakneri ays ev nman apokrifneri mej tesnum enq arden «Dashanc tghti» ev nra himq carayac shrjun legendneri nergorcutyuny։

Erusaghemy Salah-ad-Dini koghmic arnvelu kapakcutyamb Grigor Tgha katoghikosi «Voghb» -um artahaytvum er ayn havaty, te Erusaghemy piti nvatchvi noric xachakirneri dzerqov։ Banasteghcy ays aritov vrezhi koch er ughghum qristonyanerin ev miazhamanak govergum Levon ishxani haghtanaky «hagaracineri» vra^[144]։ Kaskac chka, vor Tghan var aknkalutyunner uner errord xachakrac arshavanqy kazmakerpoghneric։ Nshenq naev ayn, inch patmvum er nra ev Kilikiayi Levon ishxani masin: ays verjinis tagavorakan titghos shnorhvelu kapakcutyamb։ Patmelov Fr. Barbarosayi masin, Lambronacin grum e. «Ev zi xostumn er inqnakalin voski knqeal grov: hayoc tagaւor dnel pahanjeac i nmane: katoghikosn surb (ima: Tghan A. H) zlrumn xostmann ev indz hraman et zsoyn targmanel» ^[145]։ Vardany haghordum e mez ayd namaki tpavorutyuny Barbarosayi vra։ «Ev tagaւorn zhoghoveal zamenayn mecamecs iւr: et kardal, ev i xndutenen lacin. ev greac patasxani» . «Aha unim tag ev zgest, zi occes tagaւor Hayoc zor vor yntres» ։ Ev aser i lselis amenecun. «Minch voch tesanem... patriarqn Grigor, voch asem inch ka i srti imum» ^[146]։

Srti ir gaghtniqy Barbarosan taghec Selef geti hatakum։ 1193 tvakanin ananun hay mi patmich, aveli sarnaryun ev tchshmartaxos, qan naxyntacnery, haytnum er ayd masin. «Ev apa sharzheal mi vomn i tagaւoracn Hromayecւoc alaman kocheceal ga minchev i sahmans Kilikecւoc ev vochinch ariutiւn cuceal katari mahuamb getasoyz egheal zorqn crueal bazhanecan» ^[147]։

Barbarosayi vaxtchanin hajordum e Grigor Tghayi mahy։ Sakayn erkusi kamqy katarum en hin ev nor Hromi kaysrnery: Haynrix Hohenshtaufeny ev Aleqsios III Angely։ «I lrumn tuis VoXE (1198) ... grum e Lambronacin, - verapatuecaւ tagaւor Hayoc Levon: vor yRubineanc, barepasht ev yaghtogh Astucov. voroy hrchak aruteann sharzheac zmec inqnakaln hin Hromay zHeri, nor hromay zAleqs, vorq psakecin zna qaramb patuakanaւ ekegheci Tarsoni: vor im anarzhanuteambs hovui» ^[148]։ Ancqi nshanakutyuny drvatum ein ayd nuyn tarum grvac urish hishatakaranner. VoXe (1198) tvakanin drancic meky grum e Levoni masin. «Ynkalav ocumn vorpes zmecn Trdat, kapakcuteamb ariakan azgin Yunac» ^[149]։ Mi urishy ardzanagrum er. «ocin zLevon tagaւor Hayoc, i hnazandutiւn ekeghecւoy Hromay ev ymbrurin Alamanac. ev eghev uraxutiւn mec azgis Hayoc, zi tesin verstin kangneal ev norogeal zterutiւn iւreanc yeress Levoni barebaroy ev astuacaser arqayi» ^[150]...

Tghayin hajordac Grigor Apirat katoghikosy, Pahlavunineric verjin gahakaly, ayd nuyn tarum teghekacnelov Inokentios papin Levoni tagadrutyan masin, miazhamanak ognutyun e xndrum nranic musulmanneri dem։

Grigor Apirati mtaynutyany hasu linelu hamar nshenq, vor sa nuyn andznavorutyunn e, vori xndranoq zhamanakin Shnorhalin grel er nor xachakrutyan gaghapharov hamakvac «Voghb Edesioy» nshanavor poemy։ Poemi verjum heghinaky grum er nra masin:

Manuk tghay: golov tioc, ev katareal: yimast vogւoc. Nerhymtaceal: yarhest zinuc, yst hrahangin hoovmayecւoc, Gol yajoghak: i nus dzioc, vorpes aւren e varzheloc» ^[151]։

Papin ughghvac dimumy hajord tarum krknum er Levony։ Baghdzanq haytnelov ekeghecineri miavorman masin: xndrum er «amenaqristoneakan ognutiւn» Kilikian tshnamineric pashtpanelu hamar^[152]։ Patasxani mi sharq tghterov Inokentiosy hordorum e tagavorin: amur kangnel katolik ekeghecu dirqeri vra, xostanum er xachakrac arshavanq kazmakerpel, isk arayzhm vorpes hogevor mxitarutyun: ugharkum nran... s. Petrosi droshy։ 1202 tvakanin Ssi Hovhannes arqepiskoposy, katoghikosic heto erkrord azdecik ekeghecakany Kilikiayum, xndrum e papic... episkoposakan handerdzanq ir hamar ev... indulgencianer: anhavatneri dem krvogh hay zinvorutyan hamar։ Papy xostanum e katarel hamest ayd aghersanqy։ Isk minch ayd, papic xraxusvac Levony, hatuk hrovartaknerov, xachakirneri dzeoqn er handznum mi sharq amrocner u kalvacner^[153]։

Ays kargi phastery bavakanachaph bnoroshum en «Dashanc tghti» cagumy parurogh patmakan mtnolorty։ Hin tesilnern u dashinqnery harkavorvum ein nor ayn iradrutyuny nviragorcelu hamar, vori patkern aynqan fantastik kerparanq er stanalu Vardan patmichi mot. verjinis aghbyury nerka depqum taracvac mi legend er, anshusht։

«Dashanc tught» kochvac heryuranqy galis er «himnavorelu» ev «vaveracnelu» hay-hromeakan koghmnoroshman het lcordvac pahanjnern u spasumnery։ IV dari grakan hetnaxorqi vra «Dashanc tghti» anhayt heghinaky phastapes arcarcum er XII—XIII dareri patmakan sahmanagci vra huzvac teokratakan ideanern u aknkalutyunnery։ «Dashanc tghti» Lusavorich kam Trdat, Seghbestros kam Kostandinos anunnery anhayt heghinaki hamar zhamanakakic Grigor Apirati ev Levon Rubinyani, Inokentios papi ev «alaman» kaysri keghcanunnern ein parzapes։ Mijnadaryan manrankarneri mej Trdaty ev Lusavorichy patkervum ein caghkoghin zhamanakakic tarazov u shrjadrutyamb։ «Dashanc tghti» mej nranc hromeakan ughevorutyuny nkaragrvum er nuyn kerp: XII—XIII dareri mtaynutyan u npatakadrumneri hamemat։

Hyusisayin koghmanc vardapetnerin ughghac ir grutyan mej Grigor Tghan, Lusavorchi masin xoselov, hamamit er nuyn ayn gaghapharin, vory tev er talis naev «Dashanc tghti» heryuroghnerin. «Mite, harcnum er na, ambartaւaneac aysu amenayniւ ev baւakan hamarecaւ yandzin iւrum zays i patiւ astitchani, ev kam te voch xonarh srtiւ ev anerkbay mtoq ear yandzn gnal i Kesaria, ev dardzeal i Hrom ev arnul dzernadrutiւn i srboyn Seghbestrosi ev kam te iւrqn amenayn voch kacin i noyn miabanutean ser» ^[154]։

Grigor Tghayin hajordac Grigor Apiraty Inokentios III-in ughghac tghtov hpatakutyun haytnec Hromin։ Yndarajelov Levoni cankutyany: na hamadzaynec nuynisk cisakan vorosh zijumner anel latin ekeghecun։ Petq er himnavorel Kilikyan katoghikosneri hpatakutyuny Hromi ekeghecun ev miazhamanak vaveracnel kilikyan tagavorneri vasalakan kaxumy draxti banaliin tiracac Petrosi gahazharangin։ Ayd npatakin el carayelu er henc «Dashanc tughty», vor phordzum er nviragorcel Pahlavuni verjin katoghikosi apiratutyuny nra qaghaqakanutyan erevakayakan kanxoghi - Lusavorchi anunov։

Kilikiayum arcarcvac miabanoghakan ev xachakrakan propagandi shikacac mtnolortum xmbagrvac apokrifi mej mecapes kegheqvac en erkrum shrjogh hin u nor legendnery։ Kostandinosi tesilqy handipum enq der Sukaveti leran het kapvac vraceren targmanvac mi vkayutyan mej, vori cagumn ijnum e minchev VII—VIII darery^[155], erb arabneri dem payqarelis, hayery ognutyun ein spasum Byuzandiayic։ Agatoni mot handipum enq «Dashanc tghti» aknarkn ayn masin, te Arevmutqi ognutyuny linelu e Suqiaseanc nshxarneri Qoshic leran vra (Kaghzvanic arevelq gtnvac Qyose daghum) haytnvelu zhamanak։ Inchpes havatacnum er Haysmavurqy, ays linelu er «i verjin aւurs, merdz i katarumn ashxarhis» ^[156]։ Aveli hetaqrqrakan e ayn, vor aranc voreve aghtchatman «armenq» dzevov «Dashanc tghtum» handipum enq nuyn ayn «armannerin» kam «ormannerin», voronc het gorc unecanq Agatoni ev Nersesi anunneri het kapvac kanxatesutyunnery qnnelis։ «Dashanc tughty» evs togorvum e «hromayeci» azatararnerin hayacnelu mtaynutyamb։ Ays ev ayl zugadiputyunnery arajacel en anshusht nranic, vor sranq bolorn el ardzaganqum en taracun u armatacac mievnuyn hayacqnerin u tramadrutyunnerin։ Nuyn kerp piti bacatrel naev ayn hangamanqy, vor ev «Dashanc tghtum», ev Agatoni gushakutyunneri mej krknvac er himnakanum Lusavorchi ev Trdati hromeakan ughevorutyan hnavand araspely։ «Dashanc tghtic» araj grvac u veraxmbagrvac Agatoni mot nuynpes handipum enq aknarkvac hayeri ev hromeacineri mijev knqvac «mecagah namak qaj ev ramik azatac» kochvac dashnadrutyan masin։ Ka sakayn mi ayl hin aghbyur։ Taroni Araqeloc vanqum pahvac «Dashinq Trdatay ev Kostandinosi ev tem Araqeloc vanac Taroni» vernagrov mi grutyun: ibrev te targmanvac 1080 tvakanin Chortuanel Tornikyani hramanov hunaren bnagric։ Aydtegh Grigor Lusavorchi anunic patmvum er nra ev Trdati ughevorutyuny Hrom «handerdz bazum azatagund zoroq hayoc, ut (sic) hazaraւ» ։ Nuyn tghtum haghordvum e naev Kostandinosi ev Seghbestrosi siro ev miabanutyan dashinqi masin: grvac u knqvac «Qristosi areambn», «zi angreli lici uxt ev miabanutiւn hayoc ev frankac, minchev i katarac ashxarhi» ։ 1080 tvakanin grvac tghtum «frank» anvan hishatakumy kaskaceli e dardznum targmanutyan harazatutyuny։ Alishann isk stipvac er nkatel - «ayl yst kanxeloy hamraւu ariakan azgin frankac, zays anun phoxanak hromayecւoc muceal e targmann i banid» ^[157]։ Bolor paraganerum aknerev e, vor hin legend er ays, vor yndeluzvelov mi ayl dashnagri: «Dashanc tghti» mej: darnalu er papakan ekeghecu universal havaknutyunnery ev hay-hromeakan ekeghecakan miutyuny himnavorogh agitacion mijocneric meky։

«Dashanc tghti» mej ogtagorcvum ein naev banavor aghbyurner։ Ays aknerev e Vardani patmutyan grqic. aydtegh legendar dashnagrutyuny sharadrvac e banavor patumi himan vra։ «Edin erku arqayqn ev erku papqn, - grum e Vardany, - Grigorios ev Seghbestrosn dashn ev uxti keal ev meranel i mimianc vera. ggir uxtin asen (sic) i greln tacin yahaւor xorhurdn» ^[158]։ Yst erevuytin banavor patumneri himan vra er Shnorhalin «Saks Haykazean seri ev Arshakuneac zarmi» vipasanutyan mej anum Trdati ev Kostandinosi dashinqi nkaragrutyuny, ur xosq ka dardzyal hayoc tagavori ev Lusavorchi 70-hazaranoc banakov Hrom uxti gnalu, dashinq knqelu ev

Yoskiapat kars ambardzeal Arqunatur dzyriւq lyceal

hayreniq veradarnalu masin^[159]։ Vor «Dashanc tghti» masin hetagayum evs kutakvum ein noranor legendner, dran apacuyc karogh e linel XV dari arajin qarordum Hayastan aycelac bavaraci Hans Shildbergeri tchambordakan notery, ur Trdati ev Lusavorchi Hrom ughevorvelu masin heghinaky patmum e banavor aghbyurneric arac manramasnutyunner, voronq bacakayum en «Dashanc tghtum» ^[160]։

Aydpisi mi legend er, anshusht naev «Dashanc tghti» mej mtac «havhaleni tri» patmutyuny։ Hay zhoghvrdakan patkeracumneri mej havhaleni—havhalni—havluni xachanish tury, mardkancic antes, phaylum e Sepuh leran glxin: odi mej։ Ibrev te: Lusavorichn er xachi dzev tvel dran, ocel ev «kaxel» lernagagatic ver^[161]։ Ayl variantov: Lusavorchi het miasin tchgnelu hamar Sepuh lery bardzracac Trdat tagavory patyanic hanel u durs er netel ir tury, vory getin chynknelov: ccvel er odi mej: Lusavorchi «anchvan» kanteghic tcharagvac^[162]։

Havlhaleni tri patmutyan mi ayl varianty, hay azatagrakan legendi het miaxarnvac, haghordum e mez naev Vardani XIV dari keseric voch vagh grvac «Ashxarhagrutyuny» . «Astvacabnak lern Sepuh, - grum e ayd heghinaky, - ur hangeaւ surb Lusaւorichn ev and ka haւhalani turn Trdata, zor et nma Kostandinos tagaւorn, e yorzham xndir arar Trdat tagaւor Lusavorchin, ev gnaceal egit (zna) i Sepuh ev na asac nma zjnjumn azgin Arshakuneac, ev areal zturn oceac vorpes zxach ev ed yodn baniւn Astucoy. ev asac te elaneln ariakan azgin vor en phrankq erevi nshans ays, zor areal shrjecucanen ynd inqeans» ^[163]։ Ushagrav e, vor, hishatakelov alamanneri masin, «Ashxarhagrutyuny» nrancic e serum tesilneri «arman» -nerin, haghordelov te nranq servac en «yazgen Arshakuneac yariakan azgen Trdatay, zor xndreac Kostandinos ev Trdat et nma chors hariւr ayr» ^[164]։ Sranq Barbarosayi arshavanqic heto arajacac patumner en, vor Vardanin zhamanakakic Dardely patmelov Trdati tramadrac zorakanneri masin, voronc bnakutyan hamar vorpes te hatkacvac e eghel storin Germanian, harum e: «Ev yasmane karciq en ar bazums te germanaciq serealq icen i Hayoc» ^[165]։ Ays bacatrutyuny, inchpes tesanq, mutq e gorcel naev Agatoni vorosh variantneri mej։

Aynuamenayniv «Dashanc tughty» cher yndunel ir mej bacarapes miayn azatagrakan legendi shrjun versianery։ «Dashanc tughty» nerccel er ir mej ayd versianery, sakayn nra gaghapharakan arancqy kazmum en misionerakan-teokratakan ayn ideanery, voronc bun jermocy Inokentios III-i Hromn er։ «Dashanc tghti» heghinaky unecel er dzerqi tak naev ayd ideanery snogh hayeren gravor aghbyurner։ Ayspes, Agatoni mot «ormannery» hayeri phrkutyan hamar aghersanqov dimum en surb errordutyany, Petros ev Poghos araqyalnerin, Tiramory, Hovhannes Mkrtchin, Stephanos Naxavkayin, Tadeos araqyalin ev Lusavorchin։ Nuyny handipum enq naev «Dashanc tghtum» ։ Ays zugadiputyuny vkayum e arden ayn masin, vor kam verjinis heghinaky dzerqi tak unecel e Agatoni bnagiry, kam vor erkusn el caytel en gravor yndhanur aghbyuric։ «Dashanc tughty» unecel e grakan nergorcutyan layn sharavigh։ Angam XVII darum nra aknerev azdecutyan tak er gri arnum hayoc dardzi patmutyuny vrac patmagir Pharsadan Gorgijanidzen, vory cagumov goreci hay er^[166]։

«Dashanc tghtin» vorosh turq er tvel naev XVIII dari arajin kesi vrac grogh: Lim anapati miaban Georg vardapet Kakabency, vory nuynpes goreci hay er cagumov։ Verjins nerboghyanner er nvirum Seghbestros papin ev Gr. Lusavorchin, mi koghmic ev Kostandin mecin ev Abgar tagavorin: myus koghmic^[167]։

Mec taracum stacav anvaver ayd tughty nuyn dari misionerneri dzerqum։ 1683 t. Venetikum luys tesav «Dashanc tghti» hayeren teqsty ev nra italeren targmanutyuny, 1690 tvakanin nuyny tpvec Paduayum, hing tari anc, 1695 tvakanin: dardzyal Venetikum ev noric Venetikum: 1700 tvakanin։ Menq der arit piti unenanq nshelu ayn dery, vor katarelu er «Dashanc tughty» hetagayum hay-evropakan banakcutyunneri zhamanak։

4. Legendi ardzaganqnery ush mijnadarum

Tesilneri grakan evolyucian mongholneri zhamanak: Rubruqi vkayu-tyuny hay kanxatesutyunneri masin: Mongholneri anhangstutyuny gushakutyunneri kapakcutyamb: Gushakutyunneri veraxmbagrumnery XIV—XV darerum: Toma Mecopheci ev Araqel Baghisheci: Gushakutyunnery irana-turqakan tirapetman zhamanak: Azatagrakan legendi moskovyan varianty:

Mongholakan arshavanqneri zhamanak hay azatagrakan spasumnery mtan zargacman nor shrjan։

Vachkatun nvatchoghnern averecin Hayastani shat qaghaqner u gyugher, sri acecin bnakichneri mi masy, tchnshecin ev canr harkeri tak drin mnacacnerin։ Hayastan hrosac nor «netoghneri» mej vomanq tesan Neri galusty azdanshogh ayn «karapetnerin», voronc masin naxazgushacnum ein erbemn։

Vochinch dzhvarutyun charajacrec ayn hangamanqy, vor xabusik ein durs ekel erjanik galiqi bolor ayn xostumnery, voronq piti irakanacac linein Neri haytnveluc araj, «chorrord tiezerakan petutyan» sahmannerum։ Bayc guce henc ayd pattcharov Neri masin cher arayzhm xosqy, ayl nra «karapetneri» ։ Ahavor ein sranc gorcery, usti ev ankaskac nranc nuynutyuny tesilnerosm nkaragrvac arhavirqneri het։ Vaghuc arden moracel ein seljuknerin, voronc neteri taraphy mi zhamanak taracvum er Mijin Asiayi anapat neric minchev «Mec ovkianosi» - Mijerkrakani - aphery։ Nor neghichneri sarsaphy aveli mec er u tarerayin, usti ev pat-tchar kar nshmarelu nranc mej hneri gushakac «netoghnerin» ։ Arden 1236 tvakanin - Hayastani nvatchman arajin isk tarum - ananun mi zhamanakagir, nkaragrelov «netoghneri» arshavanqy, ayn kapum er Nersesi kanxatesutyan het. «VoDzE (1236) tuin anarik berdn, vor kochi Kayean ev Laւre qaghaq ev Ani mayraqaghaq Hayoc ev ayl bnal ashxarhqs Hayoc, gaւarq ev anar berdorayq ev qarayrq ev anmut mayriq i mium am aran, ev kotorecan anhamar ev antiւ arq ev kanayq ev mankunq. ev vov kare patmel zneghutiւns ev ztarapans, zor ehas mez yanoghorm azgen netoghac, vorpes asac surb hayrapetn Nerses, teseal hogoy akamb i zham vaghtchanin iւroy, ase qakescin hayq i himanc yazgen netoghac, datarkescin tchanaparhy bazmagnacq ar i chgoy mardanc ev ayspes eghev vorpes hramayeac» ^[168]։ «Zi i glux elin amenayn srboc margareutiւnq, vorq yarajaguyn gushakecin vasn neghuteancs, vor handerdzeal er linel. ev ar mez gorcovq katarecaւ» - haytararum er mongho-lakan shrjani patmich Kirakos Gandzakecin ir grqi arajabanum։ Gandzakecin hamarum er ir zhamanaki aghetnery. «skizbn erkanc yaytnutean vordւoyn korstean vor erknchimq: mi guce erevesci na i merum aւurs. zi gorcq amenayn vor gorcin ayzhm, znoyn nshanaken... zi zor gushakeac ayrn Astucoy surbn Nerses vasn azgin netoghac ev aւerman ashxarhis Hayoc, ayzhm katarecaւ yazge vor Tatarn kochi» ^[169]։ Nerses Partevi tesilqi het e kapum mongholneri nerxuzhumy naev Vardan patmichy. yst aygm Nersesy gushakel er «zor inch krecaqs yazgen netoghac, zoroc zanuansn koche sur ev tetev, zi terevs tatarn sur ev tetev asi yst lcordac phophoxman ev kam tur ev tar, vor e tatar, qan zi harin anyagapes ev taran anerkiւghapes zorgisn Sioni i strkutiւn gerutean» ^[170]։ Ogtagorcelov mez canot tesilqi veraxmbagrvac versian, Vardany, inchpes tesnum enq, verimastavorum e «sur ev tetev» kochvac netoghneri masin ayd versiayum handipogh varianty։

Tesilnery mijoc ein talis voch miayn bacatrelu neghichneri erevumy, ayl ev krahelu nranc korcanumy։ Che vor «ariakan» azatararnery kam nranc arajapah «armannery» piti haytnvein «netoghneric» - nerka depqum monghol tatarneric heto։ Kirakos Gandzakecin giter Sahaki tesiln ayn masin, «te merdz erevumn Nerinn dardzeal kangneloc e Astuac ztagaւorutiւn Arshakuneac ev zqahanayapetutiւn yazge srboyn Grigori» ^[171]։ Ayd nuyny giter naev mongholakan sarsaphnery nkaragrogh nra dasynker u grcheghbayr Vardan patmichy. Sahaki masin Vardany krknum er. «Sa etes zbarnal tagaւorutean ev zqahanayutean yazgen Pahlavuneac ev verstin andren norogil i lrumn aւurc» ։

Teghi talov monghol hordaneri araj, hayery, iroq, chhrazharvecin azatagrakan herankarneric։ Ays masin unenq naev koghmnaki mi ditoghi - Rubruqi vkayutyuny։ Lyudovikos xachakir tagavori koghmic despani hangamanqov 1254 tvakanin Hayastani vrayov franciskyan bokotn ayd kronavory gnum er Karakorum: handznararutyun unenalov dashinq knqelu monghol mec xani het ev qristoneutyan dardznelov nran, nershnchelu nran Qristosi gerezmany «anorenneri» dzerqic azatelu gaghaphary։ Ays chnayac ayn bani, vor takavin monghol Guyuk xann (1246-1248) er grel Inokentios II papin u qristonya tagavornerin, te kamoqn astuco erkri amboghj taracutyuny iren e vitchakvac, ev piti vor qristonya ashxarhi ishxoghnery darnan Chingiz astvacordu hlu hpataknery ev tramadren xanin irenc uzhy։ «Du (darnum er xany papin) andzamb tagavorneri glux ancac, amenqd aranc bacarutyan ekeq carayutyun arajarkelu mez ev en-tarkvelu mez vorpes hpatakner» ^[172]։

Naxijevani moterqum hay mi episkoposic Rubruqy teghekacav erku hay «margareneri» masin։ Ayn, inch haghordum e mez franciskyan qarozichy, liovin gaghaphar e talis azatagrakan legendi mej katarvac teghasharzhi masin։ «Ayd margareneric meky, - patmum e Rubruqy, - Metodiosn e, hay mi nahatak, vory amenayn parzutyamb naxatesel er ismayelacineri nerxuzhumy։ Myusy kochvum e Akakron (var. Akaron) mi mard, vory mahvan ankoghnum, gushakel e netoghneri hyusisic xuzhelu masin։ Sranq, asel e na, nvatchelu en amboghj Arevelqy, bayc xnayoghabar en varvelu, vorpeszi nvatchen naev Arevmutqy։ Sakayn, inchpes asel e na, mer eghbayr katolik franknery chen entarkvelu nranc։ Netoghnery gravelu en bolor erkrnery, hyusisic minchev harav, minchev K. Polisy, vorpeszi irenc tirapetutyan tak arnen aystegh nra navahangisty։ Nranc glxavorneric xelahas meky mkrtutyun e yndunelu aydtegh ev cuyc e talu franknerin tatarneri petin spanelu ev nranc shphotutyan mej gceyu hnary։ Ays xorhrdin hetevelu en ashxarhi kentronum (asel e: Erusaghemum) gtnvogh franknery։ Nranq hardzakvelu en naev irenc harevan tatarneri vra, apa mer zhoghovrdi (aysinqn: hayeri) ognutyamb het en qshelu nranc aveli heru։ Ayspisov, frankneri tagavory araj e gnalu minchev Tavriz qaghaqy ev himnelu aydtegh ir gahy։ Apa nranq qristoneutyan en dardznelu amboghj Arevelqy u bolor anorennerin, hastatelov erkri vra aynpisi mi xaghaghutyun, vor veraproghnern avaghelu en meracnerin, voronc cher vitchakvac tesnel nor darashrjani eranutyuny^[173]։

Rubruqi haghordacn ayl inch che, qan mez vaghacanot tesilneri versian, phoqr inch shphotvac ev monghol-tatarakan arshavanqneri iradrutyan hamemat meknabanvac։ Shphotutyan ardyunq e, erb Rubruqy (kam nran patmoghy) hayacnum en Metodiosin։ Bayc phast e, vor Metodiosin veragrvac gushakutyunnery masnakcel ein hay azatagrakan legendi kazmavormany։ Phast e ev ayn, vor, inchpes tesanq, mecapes hayacvac ein arden ete voch inqy Metodiosy, get nra gushakutyunnery։ Parz e naev, vor Akakron anuny eghcum e: arajacac Agaton anunic։ Aknerev e naev, vor Rubruqy xarnum er Agatoni tesilqy Nerses Partevi ayn gushakutyunneri het, vor arel er verjins «mahvan ankoghnum» ։ Dzhvar che bacatrel ayd shphotutyuny. hay tcharyntirnerum tesilnery hatchax hajor-dum en irar, kardacvum kam patmvum en mi shnchov, arajacnelov motivneri ev patkeracumneri phoxtaphancumner: kontaminacia: Ays tchanaparhov Metodiosi anuny shat hesht karogh er kapvel nersisyan tesilqi het kam ays verjini syuzhen: Agatoni anvan het։ Bnorosh e, ays tesaketic naev tatar despani manravepy, vor Rubruqy kam, aveli tchisht, nra hay zrucakicnery, Nersesi tesilqic phoxancum en Agatoni gushakutyunnerin։

Rubruqy nshum e ir lsac margareutyunneri zhoghovrdakanutyuny։ Inqy kardacac e eghel ayg masin der K. Polsum, aydteghi hayeri mot, bayc qich arzheq tvel dran։ «Bayc, - grum e Rubruqy, - hima amboghj Hayastanum avetarani pes en havatum dran» ։ «Inchpes vor merelnern en andzkoren spasum Qristosi galun, - harum e katolik qarozichy, - aynpes el hayern en spasum franknerin, vorpeszi azatven ayn strkutyunic, vori mej nranq erkar zhamanak degerum en» ^[174]։ Inqyan parz e, vor strkutyunic azatvelu huysy cher galis legendic, ayl handisanum er xachakirneri ev guce arden isk ayd pahin Naxijevani mot votq, drac unitorneri qarozutyan ardzaganq։

Rubruqi sharadranqi mej nkateli e arandznahatuk mi tendenc, vor matnum e mez voch aynqan hayeri, vorqan fransiaci heghinaki dzgtumy: mtcnelu hayeri aknkalutyunnery ir tagavori qaghaqakan tesadashty։ Ayd tendencn aknerev e konkret ayn imastic, vor mtcnum e Rubruqy Arevelqum ev Hayastanum gorcacakan «frank» termini mej։ Amenic hatchax fransiacinern ein zoravig handisanum xachakirnerin kam glux ancnum nranc himnac petutyunnerin։ Usti Byuzandiayic arevmutq ynkac bolor erkrnery hayeri, inchpes ev arevelyan myus zhoghovurdneri achqum dardzan «Frankstan» ev nra bolor zhoghovurdnery: «frankner» ^[175]։ Nuyn ayd «franknern» irenc hromeakan-katolik davananqi hamar hetagayum kochvum ein naev «hromayeciner», haskacutyun, vor naxapes chuner davanabanakan erang ev taracvum er naev hromeakan kaysrutyan bolor qaghaqacineri, dranc tvum naev «byuzandacineri» vra, voronc ayd pattcharov el henc kochum ein «horomq» ։ Mijnadaryan patmichneri mot «horomnern» arden «frankner» chein։ Ays masin unenq Ayrivanecu ushagrav vkayutyuny. «I Gayose minchev cyetinn Yustin 50 tagaւorq phrankq ein, isk i Tibere i aysr tagaւorqn horom linein» - grum e na^[176]։ Minchder sovorabar hayerr gorc ein acum «frank» ev «frankstan» anunnery hamaparphak ev yndhanracnogh imastov: haskanalov dra tak amboghj katolik Evrropan: Rubruqy, yndhakaraky, voroshaki kamenum er tesnel ayd anvan mej iren srtamerdz fransiacinerin, «srbakencagh» ir tagavori glxavorutyamb: Ays verjinn e henc, vor, inchpes havastiacnum er nra banagnacy, mtnelov Tavriz: frankneri atoranist er dardznelu ayd qaghaqy, uskic ev dzernarkelu er heto voghj Arevelqi ev bolor anhavatneri qristoneacmany։ Arajin heghinakn e Rubruqy, vori mot nkatum enq hetaga misionarnerin tarberanshogh tendency: shahavetel hay azatagra-kan legendy hogut ayn petutyan kam i npast ayn erkri, vorin inqn e patkanum kam vori shahaxndrutyunn inqn e borboqum։

* ^* *

1273 tvakanin Til avanum hrashapatumneri mej parurvac haytnvecin inch vor «nshxarner» ։ Ekeghecakan zgushavor xronisty grum e ayd masin. «Astanaւr yaytnecan nshxarhq srboc i Tiln Erznkayin ev hambaւecin, te srboyn Nersesin e» ^[177]։ Kaskaceli haytnagorcumn arit tvec havatal, te mot e arden hayeri tenchali azatutyuny։ Ayd artiv patmum ein, te irenq mongholnern isk, targmanac linelov Nersesi tesily, «tagnapein xorhrdov, zskizbn irin vaxtchan iւreanc ishxanuteann hamarelov» ։ Nrancic shatery xorhurd ein talis avani bnakichnerin: gisherov haphshtakel u anhetacnel srbi korstagushak voskornery. «Terevs karascen cackel zhambaւn ashxarhalur» ^[178]։

Sakayn nshxarnery chsasanecin mongholneri tirapetutyan himqery։ Phrkutyan zhamy chhnchec, ev spasvac phrkichnery cherevacin voch mi tegh chnayac nshxarneri haytnagorcman «ashxarhalur hambavin» ։ Minch ayd ir «karapetneri» mijocov Nery sharunakum er guzhel meghapart mardkanc charaghet ir erevumy։

Aydpisi «karapetner» nshmarec Toma Mecophecin mijinasiakan noranor ayn hrosaxmberi mej, voronq parberabar votqi tak ein talis Hayastani dashtern u lernery^[179]։ Nuyn kerp ein meknabanum Lank-Tamuri aghetavor aycelutyunnery zhamanakakic Gr. Xlatecin ev urishnery^[180]։ ։ Nerses Partevin nvirac ir gandzum Xlatecin veragrum e ayd srbin voch miayn tatarneri, aylev dran hajordogh «herdzvaci» u Neri erevman gushakumy։ Nerka depqum «herdzvacogh» - unitornern ein, vor karapetum ein ashxarhakorcan Nerin։

Mecophecun canot er naev Sahaki tesily։ Ayspes, 1410 tvakanin na azgi tarapanqnery lcordum er Sahaki «harajates tesilqi» het^[181]։ Kam erb 1441 tvakanin hayoc katoghikosakan atory phoxadrvec Ssic Ejmiacin, na grum er. «Katarecaւ margareutiւn ev tesil arn Astucoy srboy Sahaki Partevi, vor etes i Vagharshapat qaghaqi... Ayzhm voghormecaւ ararichn Astuac ev verstin hastateac zator Partevin Grigori ev sqancheli hrashiւq yaytneac xstakron ev zxarazanazgeac tchgnaւorn ter Kirakos katoghikosn Virapeci... ev amenayn anecq ev nzovq vor kayr i vera azgis i yanughghay arajnordac ev i tget kargaւorac i yorhnutiւn phoxecaւ» ^[182]։

Bayc Mecophecin canot er naev Nersesi tesilqin։ Nuyn ancqi masin patmagiry ir «Hishatakaran» -um grum er. «Lrumn ehas zhamanaki phrkutean torgomean azgis։ Zi asac surbn Nerses: yamenayn shnorhac hogevorac ev marmnaւorac phartamuteanc azdg hayoc pakaseal gtani ev mnal sakaւ nshoyl barepashtutean yotn Varagay i koghmn haraւoy. ev anti eleal vomanq, gnan i koghmn hiւsisoy. ev sakaւ mi norogumn arnu ughghapharuteamb tarapeal azgn Aramean minchev galust pghcoyn anapati ev orinac ev kanonac vor qakeal lini ev xaxteal yanughghay arajnordac, miabanuteamb nocin verstin hastatutiւn ev norogumn arnu» ^[183]։ Ays toghery grelis Mecophecin dzerqi tak uner erevi Nersesi tesilqi mez canot sharadranqy, ur xosvum er henc Varaga kronavorneri masin։ Aydpisineric mekn er naev Mecopha vanqic durs ekac mer heghinaky, vory nergorcon masnakcutyun unenalov Ejmiacni atori verahastatman gorcin, andznapes hamozvac er kam kamenum er hamozel urishnerin, te dranov kensagorcum er henc tesilneri hin xostumy։

Inchpes azatagrakan legendi zargacman naxyntac etapnery, aynpes ev sranc hajordacnery, stanum ein ays kam ayn ughghutyuny, amen angam ardzaganqelov hay qaghaqakan kyanqi baxtorosh shrjadardzerin։ Hertakan aydpisi mi shrjadardz er osmanyan turqeri ashxarhakalutyuny։

Nshelov byuzandakan mayraqaghaqi ankumy, Araqel Baghishecin aknkalum er ashxarhi phrkutyuny frankneric, voronq hamadzayn surb hayrapetneri xostman:

Gaycen covov ev camaqov vorpes zasteghs vor voch tuin Yordorelov zamenayn astuacaraq paterazmin։ Nax zYstampol qaghaqn arnen amenazor kamoq phrkchin։ Apa yaraj hamardzakin ev i bolor ashxarh sphrin։

Halacelov osmancinerin, nor ays xachakirnery arnelu en Horomoc ashxarhy minchev Mysyr, gravelu en Tavrizy, hasnelu Xorasan։

Azgys Hayoc paycarana, zi yaylazgeacn azatescin, Berkre al cncan ameneqean, vorpes yaւurs Lusaւorchin։

Baghishecu havastiacumov frank zorqeri arajnordnery handisanalu en Trdati zhamanakneric i ver Hromum toghnvac hay razmikneri zharangnery.

yAshakuneac Pahlavunin, Ard arashnordq noqa linin ariakan frank azgin. Gaycen covov ev camaqov ev ognakan mez linicin։

Voghbasacy gtnvum e liovin nuyn patranqneri ishxanutyan tak, voronq canot en mez arden Nersesi ev Agaton i gushakutyunneric^[184]։ Na grel e naev Nersesi chaphakan varqy, ur andradarnum er noric nra gushakutyunnerin:

Asac gal tatarin, vor katarecaւ. EL zazgi netoghac, vor erevecaւ, EL jaghatay azgin, vor achq mer tesaւ. Anun glxaւorin Tamur kochecaւ. Aylev norogutiւn asac ha (y) k azin, Vor linici i gal frangac azgin։ Zinch vor asac eghev, aylev linicin, Zor surb hogin yaytneac mecin Nersesin ^[185]։

Baghishecu «Voghbi» mej drsevorvum e naev ayn mtaynutyuny, vor handipecinq Mecophecu mot։ Frankneri hayazgi arajnordnery hastatelu en irenc ishxanutyuny Arshakunineri mayraqaghaq Vagharshapatum, vortegh, inchpes erbemn, gahakalelu en naev Lusavorchi zharangnery.

Arcen zgaւarn Ayraratean, vor e teghiq Lusaւorchin, Tagaւoren yEjmiacin Vagharshapat surb qaghaqin.

asum e Baghishecin frank zorqeri hayazarm arajnordneri masin^[186]։

Nuyn tramadrutyunnern artahaytvac en naev Baghishecu mi nerboghum, ur Grigor ev Sahak Partevneri tesilneri kapakcutyamb na govergum e Ejmiaciny, vorpes cir u can eghac azgi «zhoghovaran» ev «teghi norogman» ^[187]։ Chpiti karcel, te Baghishecun hamamit ein nran zhamanakakic bolor hayery kam get bolor hay ekeghecakannery։ Abraham Ankyuracin «Voghb i veray ankman K. Polsoy i tatchkac» grvacqum voch miayn phrkum cher tesnum frankneri mijamtutyan mej, ayl henc «angut latinneri» mijamtutyamb er bacatrum byugandakan mayraqaghaqi voghbergutyuny^[188]։ Polsi ankumy Ankyuracin kapum er ayn iroghutyan het, vor erkyugh krelov huyn zhoghovrdic, byuzandakan karavarutyuny qaghaqi glxavor martkocneri pasht-panutyuny handznel er vardzkan frankneri (italacineri, spaniacineri, fransiacineri ev germanacineri) dzerqy։ Ankyuracin nshum er naev ayn hangamanqy, vor «latinnery» ognutyun ein xostanum huynerin: miayn davanaphoxutyan gnov։ «Latinneri» drac paymany paraktum arajacrec pasharvac qaghaqum։ Akama verhishum enq Marqsi ditoghutyuny Ghalatiayi jenovaci kolonistneri davatchanakan yntacqi masin։ Qaghaqi pasharman naxorein sultanic arevtrakan artonutyunneri xostum stacac, nranq cereky ognutyun ein cuyc talis huynerin, gishery: tyurqerin։ Papi nerkayacucich kardinal Isidori Polsum katarac deri masin Marqsy grum er te «cirani qghamidi nerkayutyuny qaghaqum henc ayn zhamanak, erb amen or tyurqery grohum ein qaghaqi vra, paraktum arajacrec aydtegh» ^[189]։

Ete XV-rd dari keseric i ver Hayastani arevmtyan bazhnum hastatvum ein osmanyan zavtichnery, X dari skzbnerin erkri arevelyan bazhni vra votq ein dnum Sefevyan uzurpatornery։ XVI darum grvac mi votanavori mej ananun heghinaky xosum e «ghzlbash» (karmir glux) azgi, Haytnutyan chorrord vishapi masin, vory charutyamb stveri tak piti dner bolor naxordnerin։

«Zdzayn vor Danieln aser, te chorrord gazann ahegh e Yaytnapes sora ase vor anunyn Shah kocheal e. Nerses hayrapetn mer margareis banin vkay e, Te karmir gluxn elce ev zHayoc erkirn aւere ^[190].

Nuyn darum Hovasaph Sebastacin drec «Tesil tearn Nersesi kartch i kartchoy vasn verjin zhamanakin» chaphakan erky, vortegh nshelov mahmedakanneri dem «ariakan azgi» varac krivy, naxatesvum er sranc arajanaly «minchev yashxarh Parskastan», «tatchkac aghotarani» averumn u Erusaghemi arumy։ Sksvelu e 65 amya barorutyan mi shrjan, vori masin Hovasaphy grum e.

Voch gtani zrkogh ev voch mardaspan, Voch aւazak ev gogh tshnamakan, Zi voch pitoyanan suser ev ayl ban, Ameneqean haւasar phars Astuco tan ^[191]։

XVII dari skzbin: Shah Abasi arshavanqi zhamanak, aycelelov Iran: portugalaci kronavor Gouveyan ditum er, te hayery irenc vitchaki barelavman ayl mishoc chen tesnum, minchev vor Lusavorchi (sic) naxatesutyan hamadzayn chereva qristonya mi ishxan ev chhpatakecni shrjapatogh mahmedakannerin։ Hin ays margareutyuny, asum e Gouveyan, xist taracvac e zhoghovrdi mej, vory havatum e dra motalut iragorcman։

Gouveyan kapum e ir hishatakac margareutyuny Lusavorchi anvan het։ Ayd: yst erevuytin ayn pattcharov, vor ir teghekanqy na cher arel grqeric, ayl hay ayn zrucakicneric, voronc achqum Anaki vordu anuny aravel mec heghinakutyun er^[192]։

Uskic piti ga qristonya ayn «azgy», «tagavory» kam «ishxany», voric hayery aknkalum ein irenc azatagrumy։

Inchpes araj, aynpes ev XVII darum ayd harcin trvum ein tarber patasxanner, nayac iradrutyan, aysinqn nayac te erb kam um koghmic er drvum harcy, kam vov ev inch hangamanqnerum er talis patasxany։ Sakayn naxqan kancnenq trvac patasxanneri qnnutyany, karcum enq yndhanur gcerov hima isk parzvac karogh enq hamarel Petros Mecin ughghvac tghtum Israyel Orii arac ayn haytararutyuny, vori vra kang aranq mer hetazotutyan skzbum։ Aknerev, e, vor ayl inch cher ayd haytararutyuny, qan hay azatagrakan bazmadaryan legendi karevor mi varianty, vor azdanshum er hay qaghaqakan mtqi mej katarvac hertakan shrjadardzy: Legendi nor mi xmbagrutyun er ayd, vory cuyc e talis, te XVIII dari skzbum hay azatagrakan maqi horizonnerum rus petutyunn er darnum ayn husakayany, vori het kapvelu ein hay zhoghovrdi inqnoroshman nor herankarnery:

II. Legendi socialakan mijavayry

1. Feodalnery ev legendy

2. Qaghaqabnakchutyuny ev legendy

3. Ekeghecin ev legendy

4. Gyughaciakan֊azatagrakan sharzhumnery ev legendy

5. Koghmnoroshumneri hakamarty ush mijnadarum

III. Anvanacanker

1. Andznanunneri cank

2. Teghanunneri cank

Canotagrutyunner

1. Jump up↑ Tes G. A. Ezov, Snosheniya Petra Velikogo s armyanskim narodom, SPB, 1898, vaveragir №35, hmmt. n. t. № 36։
2. Jump up↑ Galanus, Clemens, Conciliatio Ecclesiae Armeniae cum Romana etc. Romae, 1650, t. I, 56 ev het.։
3. Jump up↑ Ph. Buzandaci, Patmutiւn Hayoc, Venetik, 1832, D, 15։
4. Jump up↑ M. Xorenaci, Patmutiւn Hayoc, Tphxis, 1913, girq G., gl. 24 ev 25։
5. Jump up↑ Hmmt. nuyn teghum, gl. G., 38։
6. Jump up↑ Pharpeci, Patmutiւn Hayoc, Tiflis, 1907, ej 46 ev het., 52 ev het.։
7. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 41։
8. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 40 ev het.։
9. Jump up↑ Gh. Pharpeci, Patmutiւn Hayoc, Tiflis, 1907, ej 203։
10. Jump up↑ Asoghik, Patmutiւn tiezerakan, SPB, 1885, ej70 ev 73 ev het.։
11. Jump up↑ Tovma Arcruni, Patmutiւn tann Arcruneac, SPB, 1887, ej 44։
12. Jump up↑ Tovma Arcruni, Patmutiւn tann Arcruneac, SPB, 1887, ej 80։
13. Jump up↑ Tes «Sopherq haykakanq», Venetik, 18։3, Z.։
14. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, § 12
15. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum։
16. Jump up↑ K. Marks i F. Engels, Sochineniya, t. XVI, ch. ej 416 ev het.։
17. Jump up↑ Hmmt. Mashkin, «Esxatologiya i messianizm v Rimskoy respublike* (.Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, 1946, № 5, str. 456, 255 naev N. I. Golubcova «Ideologicheskaya borba v Rime na rubezhe IV i V vv. (AN SSSR "Iz istorii soc.-polit» idey* M., 1955. str. 64, t. I. Brosset, Der Antichrist in der Uberlieferung des Judentums, des Neuen Testaments und der alten Kirche, Göttingen, 1895, manavand ej 76 ev het. Sackur, Ernst, «Sibyllinische Texte und Forschungen. Pseudomethodius, Adso und die triburtinische Sibylle», Hall a. s. 1898, ej 80 ev het.։ A. N. Veselovskiy, "Opiti po istorii razvitiya xristianskoy legendi", ZhMNP, t. 178, ej 283 ev het, 179, ej 48 ev het., Nerses Partevi margareutyan huyn bnagri krknaki xmbagrutyan masin tes B. Sargisyani hodvacy «Bazmavep» 1893, ej 567 ev het., ev n. t., 1894, ej 25 ev het. aylev nuyn heghinaki «Usumnasirutiւn hin ktakarani anvaver Groc vra» 1893, ej 133 ev het.։
18. Jump up↑ Asoghik, nuyn teghum, ej 157:
19. Jump up↑ Tes Sopherq haykakanq, Z, can. 147։
20. Jump up↑ M. Urhayeci, Zhamanakagrutiւn, Vagharshapat, 1898, ej 44։
21. Jump up↑ St. Orbelean, Patmutiւn nahangin Sisakan, Tiflis, 1910, ej 146։
22. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 153: Haykakan grchagrerum handipum enq naev Keghc Metodiosi mi ayl variantin, yst erevuytin, azdvac Enovqi, Hipoghitos Bostracu ev urish tesilneric. aydtegh nshvac en nuynisk «azatarar» huyn tagavorneri u taguhineri paymanakan Arciv, Dzi, Mangagh, Ezn, Aghqat, Baremit, Pighc kin, Bari ev, verjapes, Zoravor kam Tiberios anunnery։ Srancic vomanq bnutagrvac en vorpes qajahaght, xaghaghaser kam baregorc, myusnery: anashxat, xrovarar kam apakanich։ Anpitan u dazhan tagavorneri sharqy gocelu hamar i verjo, haytnvelu e inqy Nery: sarsaphneric hetinn u vattaraguyny։ Aknerev e, vor dimarnakan ays tesily achqi araj uner «Mec Babelonum» (= K. Polsum) nstac «bari» u «char» ciranavorneri gorcery։ Tes Haykakan SSR Matenadaran, dzeo. № 2270 «Yarutiւn qristoneic» -hatvacy, dzeragirn yndorinakvac e 1661 t. Sargis dpri dzeoqov։
23. Jump up↑ Hmmt. B. Sargisyani very nshvac hodvacy «Bazmavep», 1894 t., ej 25։
24. Jump up↑ Hmmt. E. E. Lipshic, Vizantiyskoe krestyanstvo i slavyanskaya kolonizaciya, sm. "Vizant. sbornik", M.—L., 1945, I, 142 ev het.։
25. Jump up↑ E. Honigmann, Die Ostgrenzen des Byzantinischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071. nach griechischen, arabischen, syrischen und armenischen Quellen, Brŭelles, 1935, ej 147։
26. Jump up↑ Patmutiւn Aristakeay vardapeti Lastivertcւoy, Tiflis, 1912, ej 108։
27. Jump up↑ 1 Izvlechenie iz Letopisi Yaxi Antioxiyskogo. Tes V. R. Rozen, Imperator Vasiliy Bolgaroboyca, SPB, 1883, str. 62.
28. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 102։
29. Jump up↑ S. Eremyan, Liparit zoravari hajordnery ev Danishmanyan tohmi cagman xndiry. Haykakan SSR Git. akad. «Teghekagir», 1947, № 8, ej 71։
30. Jump up↑ Sopherq haykakanq, Z, 90։
31. Jump up↑ Poghos Taroneci, «Tught ynddem Teophisteay horom philisophayin», K. Polis, 1752, ej 274։
32. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 135։
33. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 421։
34. Jump up↑ Samuel Aneci, Haւaqmunq i groc patmagrac, Vagharshapat, 1803, ej 109։
35. Jump up↑ Sopherq haykakanq, Z, 90 ev het.։
36. Jump up↑ Sra hnaguyn tpagir orinaky luys tesav 1737 tvakanin K. Polsum «Patmutiւn erjanik varuc ev mahuaneraneli arn Astucoy surb Mecin Nersesi» vernagrov: Nor ayd xmbagrutyan orinakn e, vor 1775 tvakanin luys tesav naev Madrasum «Patmutiւn mnacordac hayoc ev vrac arareal yumemne Mesropay qahanaye i Hogoc geghje i Vayoc-Dzoroy yashxarhe i Siւneac» vernagrov։
37. Jump up↑ Sharadrum enq «Tesilqi» yndardzak ays varianty: himq yndunelov haykakan SAR Matenadarani hnaguyn orinaky: grvac 1220 tvakanin (dzer. № 1912, ej 309-319) ։ Dzeragir ayd orinaki yndhanur vernadirn e: «Yaghags zarmic sb. Grigori Hayoc Lusavorchin ev tesil srboyn Nersisin» ։ Giry: mijin erkatagir։ Grichy kam grchutyan vayyy: anhayt։ Madrasi tpagir variantn uni vorosh tarberutyunner։ Ayspes: hunac tagavori mot despan en ugharkum voch te «ormannery», ayl netoghnery։ Despany dardzi e galis, erkrpagum qristoneakan xachin, ev veradarnalov ir tagavori mot: spanum nran, phutacnelov netoghneri partutyuny։ Tes «Patmutiւn mnacordac hayoc ev vracoc», ej 114 ev het.։ Verjin varianty, vor aveli nor e, uni naev Parizi azgayin matenadarani orinaky, voric qaghvacqner kan Shahan Jrpeti mot (tes Chahan de Cirbied, Notice de deŭ manuscrits Arméniens, Paris, 1812, ej 5 ev 59 can.) ։
38. Jump up↑ Tes Sopherq haykakanq, L, Venetik, 1853, ej 24 ev het.։
39. Jump up↑ Lastivertci, ej 101 ev het.։
40. Jump up↑ Hmmt. Kirakos Gandzakeci, Patmutiւn hayoc, Tiflis, 1909, ej 98 ev het.։
41. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 99
42. Jump up↑ Tes «Patmutiւn mnacordac hayoc ev vracoc», ej 103։
43. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 106, hmmt. ej 109։
44. Jump up↑ Tes «Patmutiւn Hacuneac xachin», tp. «Ararat», 1888, ej 399 ev hmmt. Saint-Martio, Mémoires historiques et geographiques sur l'Arménie, Paris, 1819, t. p. II, 422.
45. Jump up↑ Tovma Arcruni, nuyn teghum, ej 307։
46. Jump up↑ S. Aneci, nuyn teghum, ej 104։
47. Jump up↑ Nerses Lambronaci, Atenabanutiւn ev tughtq ev tcharq, Venetik, 1865, ej 229 ev het.։
48. Jump up↑ Tes dranc tpagir bnagiry «Bagmavep», 1913, ej 396 ev het.։ Usumnasirutyan yntacqum achqi araj unecel enq naev Haykakan SSR Matenadarani № 1382 dzeragir orinaky: grvac 1219 tvakanin Haritcha vanqum։ Hamematutyan hamar dzerqi tak unecel enq naev Matenadarani №№ 2270, 2839 ev 706 dzeragrery։
49. Jump up↑ Tchmin hunaren (Zotumina) gtnvum er hromeacineri zhamanak Satala tanogh mec tchanaparhi vra. Hustinianosi oroq dardzav arajin Hayqi varchakan kentrony (Tes N. Adonc, Armeniya v epoxu Yustiniana, SPB, 1908, ej 145) ։ XIII dari mi hishatakaranum nshvum e vorpes Erznkayi mot gtnvac gyughaqaghaq [tes Haykakan SSR Matenadaran, № 6273, ej 52b], isk XVII darqi hishatakaranum: vorpes Erznka erkrum gtnvogh gyugh (nuyn teghum, № 6668, ej 284a) ։ Da nerkayis Erznkayic depi arevelq gtnvac Chimin (ser. hol. Chman) gyughn e, vor Kirakos patmichi mot hishatakvac e vorpes qaghaqagegh (Kirakos Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej 265) ։ Ardyoq Til avanic zat ays vayry evs cher handisacel Partev katoghikosneri kam Arshakuni tagavorneri gerezmanocneric meky։
50. Jump up↑ Haykakan SSR Matenadaran, № 706, ej 17 ab.։
51. Jump up↑ B. Sargisyan, Usumnasirutiւn hin ktakarani anvaver Groc vra, ej 182։
52. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 184, can.։
53. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 187։
54. Jump up↑ Tes Pharpeci, nuyn teghum, gl. D։
55. Jump up↑ Tes N. Akinean, Qnnutiւn teslean s. Sahakay, tpagrv. «Handes Amsoreay», 1936, ej 467 ev het. 1937, ej 5 ev het.:
56. Jump up↑ Hmmt. N. Adonci, L’ âge et l’origine de l’empreure Basile I, tes Byzantion, 1934, ej 220 ev het.։
57. Jump up↑ Vardak Bardzrberdeci, Patmutiւn tiezerakan, Moskva, 1861, ej 116։
58. Jump up↑ Vardan, n. t., ej 116։
59. Jump up↑ "Istoriya SSSR s drevneyshix vremen do obrazovaniya drevne-russkogo gosudarstva", izd. GAIMK. M. i L., ch. III-IV, ej 314։
60. Jump up↑ Hmmt. M. Xorenaci, girq 4, gl. G։
61. Jump up↑ F. Laurent, L’Arménie entre Byzance et l’Islam depuis la congueste arabe jusqu’a 887, Paris, 1919, ej 195, can.։
62. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 197։
63. Jump up↑ Sh. Dil, Osnovnie voprosi vizantiyskoy istorii. Mockva, 1947, ej 82 ev 141։
64. Jump up↑ Lautivertci, nuyn teghum, ej 95։
65. Jump up↑ A. N. Gren, Dinastiya Bagratidov v Armenii, ZhMNP, 1893, ch. 230, ej 100, 105, 111, 123, hmm. naev A. Aksliao. Einverleibung armenischer Territorien durch Byzangin XI Jahrhunderte, Grüningen, 1912, ej 102։
66. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 107 ev het., Samuel Aneci, ej 102. Smbat Gundstabl, Taregirq, Phariz, 1859, ej 56, hmmt. naev H. Manandyan, Qnnakan tesutyun hay zhogh. patm., Erevan, 1952, III, 14 ev het., ev N. Adooz, Notes Armeno-Byzantines, tes "Byzantion", 1934, ej 371 ev het.։
67. Jump up↑ Gl. I, 7։
68. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 48։
69. Jump up↑ Tovma Arcruni, nuyn teghum, ej 307։
70. Jump up↑ Gr. Narekaci, Matenagrutiւn, Venetik, 1840, ej 268։ Nshelov, vor Narekacin nshavakum er «arabacoc qanasar gayleri gazanutyuny», prof. M. Mkryany uzum e havatacnel, te «Matean voghbergutean» heghinaky atelutyamb er varvac depi «otar zavtichnern» arhasarak: Achqi araj unenalov byuzandakan kaysri nkatmamb Narekacu brnac dirqy, nman yndhanracumy piti tyur imacutyan ptugh hamarel (Hmmt. M. Mkryan, «Grigor Narekaci», Erevan, 1955, ej 218): Mi tegh (Matean voghbergutean, CZ, b. hatvac) Narekacin ghatapartum e «ogekorcan» kaysrnerin, sakayn dranic chi kareli anel ayn egrakacutyuny, te na datapartum er bolor kaysrnerin, inchpes naev ayn phastic, vor nuyn teghum na datapartum er «ymbost» aghqatnerin, chi kareli anel ayn hetevutyuny, te na datapartum er bolor aghqatnerin: Nvaz brnadzig che heghinaki ayn havastiacumy, te ibr Narekacin «chi karoghacel hashtv feodalakan kegheqman het» ev kam vor nra mistik ashxarhayecutyuny «artacolel e gyughaciakan-ashxatavorakan xaveri taxicn u vishty u nranc: irakanutyan nkatmamb unecac xor dzhgohutyunn u caskot boghoqy» (tes nuyn teghum, ej 171 ev 198) ։ Karcum enq, vor Narekacun ibrev banasteghci drvatelu hamar anhrazhesht che, vor anpattchar gyughaciakan-ashxatavorakan xaveri gaghapharaxos eghac liner na:
71. Jump up↑ Gr. Narekaci, nuyn teghum, ej 374 ev het.։ Menq der arit kunenanq drsevorelu Narekacu ev myus ekeghecakanneri ays koghmnoroshman socialakan xor sharzharitnery։
72. Jump up↑ M. Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 52 ev het.։
73. Jump up↑ S. Aneci, nuyn teghum, ej 106։
74. Jump up↑ M. Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 66։
75. Jump up↑ S. Aneci, nuyn teghum, ej 106 ev het.։
76. Jump up↑ Lastivertci, nuyn teghum, ej 42։
77. Jump up↑ Mxitar Ayrivaneci, Patmutiւn Hayoc, Moskva, 1860, ej 58։ Astghabashxakan ev zhamanakabanakan grakanutyan mej aregaki xavarumneri masin eghac ays nshumneri tchshtutyuny vitcharkvum e (tes ays masin «Manr zhamanakagrutyunner XIlI-XVIII dareri», Erevan, 1956, II, ej 163. V. Hakobyani canotagrutyuny) ։ Sakayn ayd vetchern yst eutyan chen shoshaphum mez zbaghecnogh harci eutyuny, vorchaph, inchpes piti tesnenq, Kozerni anvamb mez hasac tesilnery kapvac chen voch aregaknayin xavarumneri ev voch isk nra andznavorutyan kam aprac zhamanaki het։
78. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 69 ev het.։
79. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 72։
80. Jump up↑ N. Ya. Marr, Skazanie o katolikose Petre i uchenom Ivane Kozerne, sm. "Vost. Zapiski", SPB, 1905, str. 8.
81. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 50։
82. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 54 ev het.։
83. Jump up↑ Hmmt. nuyn teghum, ej 72։
84. Jump up↑ Terminneri nor ays imastavorumy tes, orinak, Lastivertcu mot, n. t., ej 69 ev het., 109 ev passim, naev: Manandyan ev Atcharyan, Hayoc nor vkaner, gitakan hrat., Vagharshapat, 1903, ej 23։
85. Jump up↑ Te s B. Sargisean, Usumnasirutiւnq ev ayln, ej 178 ev «Mayr cucak Venetiki», b. 803։
86. Jump up↑ Agatony aknarkum E naev Mamikonyan-Tornikyanneri «hyusisayin» tirapetutyunnery։ Ayd aknarky haskanalu hamar piti hishenq, vor hunakan koghmnoroshum unecogh hay qaghkedonakannery, masnavorapes Mamikonyan-Tornikyannery, kalvacner unein naev hyusisum, Byuzandiayin sahmanakic Tayqum ev Sperum։ Mamikonyanneri ayd shrjannerum takavin V darum unecac kalvacneri masin tes Phavstos, G. 18, D. 2։
87. Jump up↑ F. Laurent. L’Alliance et filiation de premier Taronites, («Ecos d’Orient», 37 (1939), ej 127 ev het.։
88. Jump up↑ S. Aneci, nuyn teghum, ej 95, nuyny Kirakos Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej 75։
89. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 130, Lastivertci, ej 141, Mixayel Asori, Zhamanakagrutiւn, Erusaghem, 1871, ej 395։
90. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, ej 206 ev het.։
91. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, Venetik, 1901, ej 396։
92. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 162, hmmt. nuyn teghum, ej 174։
93. Jump up↑ G. Yovsephean, Hishatakaranq dzeragrac I, ej 401։
94. Jump up↑ Poghos Taroneci, nuyn teghum, ej 274։
95. Jump up↑ Mayr cucak Venetiki, b. 473 ev het.։
96. Jump up↑ Poghos Taroneci, nuyn teghum, ej 275։
97. Jump up↑ Mix. Asori, Zhamanakagrutiւn, ej 476։
98. Jump up↑ Kirakos Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej 370։
99. Jump up↑ Alishan, Shnorhali ev paragayq iւr, Venetik, 1873, ej 14 ev Smbat patmich, ej 105։
100. Jump up↑ Mayr cucak Venetiki, b. 83։
101. Jump up↑ Tes Haykakan SSR Matenadarani dzer. № 3519, t. 362a ev № 3276, t. 72a, «Yaghags shrjanac» ev «Vasn daruc» vernagrvac hatvacnery։
102. Jump up↑ Tes orinak. Zaqaria Dzagecu: I taghumn Qristosi tchary։ Haykakan SSR Matenadarani dzer. № 2020, t. 229b.։
103. Jump up↑ Matenadaran, dzer. № 1880, ej 330։
104. Jump up↑ B. Sargisyan, Usumnasirutiւnq ev ayln, ej 192։
105. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum ej 52։
106. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 219։
107. Jump up↑ Tarorinak e Mxitaryan mi ayl banaseri: N. Akinyani ayn karciqy, te Kozerny prti eghac lini Shapuh Bagratuni anunov hraparakvac zrucaran patmutyan heghinaky։ Akinyany chi hamadzaynum IX darum aprac Bagratuni ishxani gorc hamarel hraparakvac patmutyuny, ardaracioren elnelov ayn phastic, vor noratip patmutyuny Arcrunyac tan patmutyun e ev voch Bagratuneac, inchpes, yst tvyalneri, piti vor eghac lini Shapuhi angyut girqy։ Bayc herqelov inqn iren: Akinyany chi varanum Shapuh Bagratunun veragrvac zrucabanutyuny nuynacnel Kozerni «Bagratunyac patmutean» het (N. Akinyan, Matenagrakan hetazotutyunner, Vienna, 1922, I, ej 219 ev het.): Erevani Matenadarani dzer. № 1775-y bovandakum e iroq «Yovhannu Taronecւo vardapeti sharadrutiւn patmutean yaghags tagaւorutean tann Bagratuneac i vera Hayastaneac» gorcy, grvac «hramanaւn Petrosi hayoc katoghikosi»: Pahvac e miayn skizby, vor sksvum e ashxarhi steghcagorcutyunic ev slacik aknarkov hasnum minchev hayoc tvakani skzbnavorutyuny։ Sakayn aya gorcy evs voch mi arnchutyun chi matnum very nshvac zrucaban patmutyan het։ Vor Lastiveracu ev Samueli aranqum eghel e Kozerni anunov haytni hayoc patmutyan girq: ayd aknerev e XII dari patmich Mxitar Anecuc (Tes Mxitaray Anecւoy patmutiւn. SPB, 1879, ej 15) ։ Bayc apacucvac che Taronecu ev Kozerni nuynutyuny։ Ushagrav e, vor Kozernin ev Taronecun cher nuynacnum naev lavateghyak Vardan Baghishecin։ Nra «Patmagirq hayoc» vernagrvac dzeragir cucakum kardum enq. «Yohan Kozern: arab patmagirq vor inch i zhamanaks iւr» , ev «Yohan Taronaci vor e patmutiւn Bagratuneac» (haykakan SSR Matenadaran, № 2220, 292b.: Hmmt. nuyny hand. «Hand. Amsoreay, 1952, ej 57) ։ Aystegh Hohan Kozerny ev Hohan Taronecin handes en galis vorpes tarber heghinakner։
108. Jump up↑ Hmmt. G. Mikaelyan, Istoriya Kilikiyskogo armyanskogo gosudarstva, Erevan, 1953, ej 372 ev het.։
109. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum ej 172։
110. Jump up↑ Q. P. Nshxarq matenagrutean hayoc, SPB, 1884, ej 70։ Hmmt. G. Yovsephean, Yishatakaranq dzeragrac, I, ej 360։
111. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 151, hmmt. Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 300 ev het.։
112. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 254։
113. Jump up↑ S. Aneci, nuyn teghum, ej 120, hmmt. ej 134։
114. Jump up↑ Tes Nerses Shnorhali, «Voghb Edesioy», Tphxis, 1829, ej 99 ev het.։
115. Jump up↑ Otto v. Freising, Die Weltchronik, hrat.Teubner-i, girq VII, gl. 33։
116. Jump up↑ Urhayeci, nuyn teghum, ej 423։
117. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 417, hmmt. nuyn teghum, ej 433։
118. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 177։
119. Jump up↑ G. Yovsephean, Yishatakaranq dzeragrac, I, ej 570։
120. Jump up↑ G. Yovsephean, Yishatakaranq dzeragrac, I, ej 693։
121. Jump up↑ Tes Agantangeghos, girq vipasanutean, K. Polis, 1799, ej 399 ev het.։
122. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 400։
123. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 413։
124. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum։
125. Jump up↑ Tes Agantangeghos, girq vipasanutean, K. Polis, 1709, ej 415 ev het.։
126. Jump up↑ Yst Matenadarani № 516 grchagri, t. 15, ughgheli «suseroq, haւhalenoq» ։
127. Jump up↑ Agantangeghos, nuyn teghum, ej 406։
128. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum։
129. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum։
130. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 413 ev het.։
131. Jump up↑ Takavin XVII darum er asvum, te: "Outre qu’il y a plusieurs choses dans cet Acte qui. paroissent fabuleuses, il y a de l’apparence qui cette prince a esté fabriquée pour la grand parte dans les siecles suivans, principaleme t au temps du pare Innocent III lorsque I’Eglise arménienne a voulu se reunir avec l’Eglise Romaine: car I’ont y trouve maniers le parier fouchant la souverainité des papas, qui n’estoient pas en usage dans ces temps-la (Tes Histoire critique de la creance et des coutumes des naiions du Levant, publiée par le Sr. De Moni, Francfort, 1634», p. 134։ Qnnadatakan verabermunq uner depi «Dashanc tughty» naev XVIII dari skzbnerum aprac Vardan Baghisheci vardapety, «Patmagirq hayoc» dzeragir cucaki heghinaky։ Nshelov Agatangeghosi patmutyan girqy, verjins harum e. «Bayc Dashancn siroy ev miabanutean zgoysh parte linel, zi i hin orinaksn voch ureq gtani, ayl i noragoynsn axtarmayic bazum inch yst iւreanc axorzhakacn sharadreal xoramankuteamb erevi» . (HSSR Matenadaran, № 2271, t. 213a) XIX darum «Dashanc tghti» zhamanakavripumneri herqumov zbaghvec manavand E. Shahnazaryany (tes nra «Dashanc tghti qnnutyunn u herqumy», Pariz, 1862, ej 55 ev het.) ։
132. Jump up↑ Alishan, Arshaloys qristoneuteann hayoc, Venetik, 1901, ej 196։
133. Jump up↑ K. V. Trever, Nadpis o postroenii armyanskoy kreposti v Garni, Leningrad, 1919, str. 25 i dr.
134. Jump up↑ Qristonya Trdatin hay zhoghovrdakan banahyusutyuny veragrum e hatkutyunner, voronq galis en dardzyal hetanos trdatic։ Ayspes: Bulanyxum patmvum er, te «Crdat (Trdat) mec tagavory 40 gomeshi uzh uner ev paler (vem qar) kshrjer» (Azgagrakan handes, VII, ej 30) ։
135. Jump up↑ Verjinneris masin tes: Langlois, V. La Trésor des Chartes d‘Arménie Venise, 1863, p. 33.
136. Jump up↑ Hmmt. Langlois V, Essai historique et critique sur la constitution socials et politique de l‘Arménie sous les rois de la Dynastie Roupénienne, S. Petersbourg, 860, ej 46։
137. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 182։
138. Jump up↑ Josef Karst. Sempadischer Kodex aus dem 13 Jahrhundert. Strassburg, 1905, ej 164։
139. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 19։
140. Jump up↑ Klayeci (N. Shnorhali), Banq chaphaւ, Venetik, 1830, ej 226։
141. Jump up↑ Kirakos Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej 109 ev het.։
142. Jump up↑ «Patmutiւn surb harcn», grchagir, grvac 1409 t., haykakan SSR Matenadaran, dzer. № 7620, tert 24։
143. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 175 ev het.։
144. Jump up↑ Tes Dulaurier E. Recueil des histoire de Croisades, Paris, 1869, I, ej 284, 293, 300։
145. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 431։
146. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 179 ev het.։
147. Jump up↑ Jalalean Sargis, ep. Tchanaparhordutiւn i mecn Hayastan, Tphxis, 1858, h. I, ej 464։
148. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 427։
149. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 422։
150. Jump up↑ Nuyn teghum, ej 437, hmmt. Smbat Sparapet, Taregirq, Phariz, 1859, ej 109։
151. Jump up↑ Nerses Shnorhali, voghb Edesioy, ej 89։
152. Jump up↑ Alishan, Sisuan, Venetik, 1885, ej 477 ev het.։
153. Jump up↑ Langlois V. Essai etc. Ej 21 ev het., Alishan, Sisuan, ej 477 ev het.։
154. Jump up↑ Grigor Tgha, namakani, Venetik, 1865, ej 73։
155. Jump up↑ N. Marr, Iz poezdki na Afon, 1899, ej 33 ev hmmt. «Sopherq haykakanq», L. A., ej 17
156. Jump up↑ Alishan, Ayrarat, Venetik, 1890, ej 537։
157. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, 98 ev Ayrarat, ej 387 ev Arshaluys qristoneutyan hayoc, ej 202 ev het.։
158. Jump up↑ Vardan, nuyn teghum, ej 58։
159. Jump up↑ N. Shnorhali, «Banq chaphaւ», ej 524։
160. Jump up↑ «Hans Shildbergeri kyanqi ev tchanaparhordutyan masin» tes «Handes grakanakan ev patmakan», errord girq, Moskva, 1890, ej 154 ev het. V. Surenyani hodvacy։
161. Jump up↑ Tes «Manr zhamanakagrutyunner, XIII-XVIII dd.» (kazmec V. A. Hakobyan), Erevan, 1956, II, ej 551։
162. Jump up↑ Srvandztyan, Toros Aghrar, B. 55 ev het.։ «Sos ev Varditer» -i canotagrutyunneric mekum Aragaci het kapelov «anparan kanteghi» avandutyuny, P. Proshyany haghordum e, vor Aragacotn gavarin asum en Aparan։ Haytni en M. Nalbandyani ararkutyunnery zhoghovrdakan ays stugabanutyan dem։ Piti karcel, sakayn, vor voch te Aparan anunn er cagel «anparan kanteghic», ayl «anparan» ev «Aparan» anunneri patahakan hamahnchyunutyunn e arit tvel Aragaci gluxy phoxadrelu Sepuh leran masin patmvogh legendy։ «Aparan» anvan stugabanutyan masin tes naev Al. Sahinyani Qasaxi bazilikayi tchartarapetutyuny, Erevan, 1955, ej 42 ev het.։
163. Jump up↑ Taiot-Martio, Mémoires historigues et géographiques sur l’Arménie, Paris, 1819, t. II, 432, Vardany nshum e, vor nuyn ayd turn er achqi araj unecel Hovhannes Pluz (Erznkaci) vardapety: Lusavorchin nvirac «Andzinq» sharakanum ir «i zen arqayakan spanman gordzi» barerov
164. Jump up↑ Taiot-Martio, nuyn teghum, t. II, ej 450։
165. Jump up↑ Hovhannes Dardeli, Zhamanakagrutiւn hayoc, SPB, 1891, ej 70։
166. Jump up↑ Tes Meliqset-Bek, Vrac aghbyurney, II, ej 82 ev het.։
167. Jump up↑ Tes prof. L. Meliqset-Beki hodvacy Vrastani petakan tangarani «Teghekagir», h. 10, 1840, ej 104 ev het.։
168. Jump up↑ «Manr zhamanakagarutyunner», I, ej 26։
169. Jump up↑ Kirakos Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej VII ev VIII ev ej 218։
170. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 452։
171. Jump up↑ K. Gandzakeci, nuyn teghum, ej 35։
172. Jump up↑ Namaky drvac e parskeren ev Vatikani divanic hanel u hraparakel e P. Pelliot-y ir «Les Mongols et la apauté, Paris. 1923, vernagrvac grqum։ Mejbervac toghern arnum enq A. N. Nasonov-i Mongoli i Rus, M. i L., 1940, grqic, ej 26, can.։»
173. Jump up↑ Rubruk, De gestis sive de moribus Tartarorum, Recueil de voyage et de mémoires, publiê par la societê de geographie, tome IV, Paris, 1839, ej 385 ev het.։
174. Jump up↑ «Et par totam Hermeniam habent istam propheciam ita procerto sicut Evangelium. Dicebant etiam nobis: "Sicut anima in limibo expertabant adventum Chpisti ut liberamur, ita expectamus advemtum vestrum ut liberamur ab ista servitute in qua tarn diu furimus." Nuyn teghum, ej 386։
175. Jump up↑ Ayspes, nranc hamar «frankner» ein naev «alamannern» u «hungarnery», tes Orbelyan, nuyn teghum, ej 401, ev Araqel Davrizheci, Patmutyun, Vagharshapat, 1896, ej 615։ XVII dari mi dzeragrum «frank» -ner en kochvac lehery. «i tagaւoruteann frankac azgi, errord Zigmundin. Tes Conyebeare. Fr. C. "A. Catalogue of the Armen. Mns. In the Brit. Museum.", ej 183 ev 195, nuyny naev Srvandztyan, Toros Aghbar, II, ej 385 ev 425։»
176. Jump up↑ Mxitar Ayrivaneci, nuyn teghum, ej 49։
177. Jump up↑ «Manr zhamanakagrutyunner», I, ej 44։
178. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 479 ev het.։
179. Jump up↑ Tovmay Mecopheci, Patmutiւn Lamk-Tamuray ev hajordac iւroc, Phariz, 1860, ej 85 ev Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 553։
180. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 536 ev Phirghalemyan, Gh. Notarq hayoc, K. Polis, ej 206։
181. Jump up↑ ZhE dari hayeren dzeragreri hishatakaranner, kazmec L. Xachikyan, Erevan, 1950, A. Ej 103։
182. Jump up↑ T. Mecopheci, ej 59 ev het.։
183. Jump up↑ Tovma Mecophecu Cishatakarany, Tiflis, 1892, ej 56 ev het.։
184. Jump up↑ Urish mi taghasac evs artahaytel e nman mtqer: voroshakioren kapakcelov dranq Nersesi tesilqi het. tes Tashean, Cucak hayeren dzeragrac Mxitarean Matenadarani, Vienna, 1895, ej 795։
185. Jump up↑ Haykakan SSR Matenadaran, dzeo. № 2398, t. 100a։
186. Jump up↑ «Anahit», 1901, ej 217 ev het.։
187. Jump up↑ Tes «Ararat», 1895, ej 190 ev het.։
188. Jump up↑ Tes Q. P. Nshxarq matenagrutean hayoc, ej 69 ev het.։
189. Jump up↑ Arxiv Marksa i Engelsa, VI, ej 206 ev het.։
190. Jump up↑ Alishan, Hayapatum, ej 593 ev het
191. Jump up↑ Haykakan SSR Matenadaran, dzeo. № 1661, Tagharan, ej 144 ev het.։
192. Jump up↑ Une ancienne prophetie fort commune parmy le peuple- asvac e Gouveyayi grqum. Tes. Fr. Antoine de Gouvea. "Relation de Grandes guerres et victoires obtenus par le roi de Perse de Cha-Abbas contre les empreurs de Turquie Mahomet et Achmet son fils" Trad. de l’org. portugais, Rouen, 1646, ej 343 ev het. ev 416։