Mesrop Mashtoc, (Mashtoc, Mashtoc) (361 kam 362 t., gyugh Hacekac (Taroni gavarum) - 440t. phetrvari 17, Vagharshapat (ayzhm Ejmiacin), taghvac Oshakanum), haykakan gri steghcogh ev hay inqnuruyn u targmanakan grakanutyan skzbnavorogh (Sahak A Partevi het), hay grutyan, hayagir dproci himnadir ev hayeri arajin usucich, lusavorich, mshakutayin-hasarakakan gorcich, qristoneutyan qarozich, Hayastani ekeghecu vardapet։ Mashtoci kyanqi u gorcuneutyan veraberyal kan vaverakan aghbyurner, ayd tvum nra zhamanakakic ev depqeri akanates Koryuni «Varq Mashtoci», naev Movses Xorenacu, Ghazar Pharpecu, Movses Kaghankatvacu, Karapet Sasnecu yndardzak vkayutyunnery (shurj 30 hin ev mijnadaryan aghbyurner) ։

Mesrop Mashtocy aznvakan Vardani vordin er (yst Anania Shirakacu: «azati tnic») ։ Hayastanum stacel e hunakan krtutyun։ Tirapetum er hunarenin, parskerenin, asorerenin, vracerenin։ Skzbnakan shrjanum ancel e carayutyan hayoc Xosrov III (mot 385 − 388) tagavori arquniqum, eghel e zinvorakan, apa: palatakan gragir։ Mot 395/396-in dardzel e hogevorakan, ev meknel Vaspurakani Goghtn gavary, ur teghi ishxan Shabitic stanalov gorcelu azat hnaravorutyun himnel e qristoneakan hamaynqner, ekeghecakan daser։ Shrjagayel e naev Syunium։ Unecel e ashakertner, voronq heto dardzel en nra ognakannery lusavorakan gorcuneutyan asparezum։ Ays shrjanum mtadrvel e steghcel haykakan grer: Astvacashunchy targmanlelu hamar։ Veradardzel e Vagharshapat, vortegh katoghikosi naxadzernutyamb hravirvel e hatuk zhoghov։

Mot 404-in Mijagetqic bervac Danielyan nshagrerov, katarel e targmanakan ev usucoghakan arajin phordzery, sakayn apardyun։ Ayd zhamanak stacel e vardapeti (usucchi) astitchan։ Vramshapuhi ev Sahak Partevi hrahangov andzamb meknel e Mijagetq, handipel nuyn Daniel episkoposi het։ Eghel e Edesiayum, Amidum, apa: Samosatum։ Handipumner e unecel teghi bardzrastitchan hogevorakanutyan het: Edesiayi episkopos Babilasi (Paquida, 398-408 tt), Amidi episkopos Akakiosi (400-409 tt.) het, aycelel e Edesiayi gradaran։ Mot 405-406 tt. Edesiayum avartel e hayoc greri steghcumy։ Arevmtahayastan katareliq arajin shrjagayutyunic araj meknel e Virq, ur vrac Bakur (mot 416-429 tt.) arqayi, Movses episkoposi, ev targmanich Jaghayi ognutyamb steghcel vrac hin giry («xucuri») ։ Mot 420-422-in meknel e Byuzandia: Konstandnupolis, handipel kaysr Teodos II-i ev hunac patriarq Attikosi het, voric heto haykakan dprocner e bacel Mec Hayqi byuzandahpatak gavarnerum, zugaherabar payqar mghel «borboritner» aghandi dem։ V eradardzic araj aghvan Beniamini het steghcel e aghvanic giry։ Byuzandakan ishxanutyunneric stacel e «akumit» (άxουμήτης -tchgnogh) titghosy։ Ayrarat veradarnaluc heto andzamb meknel e Aghvanq, handipel aghvanic Arsvaghen arqayi ev Eremia episkoposi het, kazmakerpel nor gri taracumy, vorteghic ancel e Baghasakan gavar, mghel hakaaghandavorakan payqar։ Ayd shrjanum eghel e Utiqi Gardman gavarum, apa: Gugarac Tashirqum։ Evs mek angam Arevmtyan Hayastan e aycelel 420-akanneri verjin, eghel Bardzr Hayq gavari Derjan, Ekeghyac, Sper ev Shaghgomq gavarnerum։ 431-439-i mijev katoghikos Sahaki ev ashakertneri het himnakanum avartel e Astvacashnchi targmanutyuny։ 439-in nra hrahangov katoghikosakan atori teghapah e darnum Hovseph Vayocdzorcin։

Kyanqi verjin tarinerin grel e hogevor sharakanner, krona-philisophayakan erker։

Hay greri steghcumy

Mashtocy ayd araqelutyan zhamanak sksel e lrjoren mtahogvel erkri vitchakov։ Teev qristoneutyuny Hayastan mutq e gorcel arajin darum ev 301 t. dardzel petakan kron, bayc zhoghovrdi zgali masy miayn anvanapes er qristonya, erkrum eghac astvacashnchi grqery, ekeghecakan ayl erker hunaren kam asoreren ein, zhamergutyunnery ev cesery katarvum ein zhoghovrdi hamar anhaskanali ayd lezunerov։ Mashtocy Astvacashunchy hraparakaynoren kardalis anmijapes banavor targmanum er hayeren: zhoghovrdin haskanali dardznelu hamar։ Goghtnum katarac qarozchutyuny Mashtoci mej hastatec hayeren gir u grakanutyun unenalu hratap karevorutyuny։ Kayin ayd voroshumn yndunelu naev ayl canrakshir pattcharner։ 387 t. erku masi bazhanvac Hayastani arevelyan ev arevmtyan masum teev pahpanvum er hayoc tagavorutyuny, bayc parskakan azdecutyunn oravur mecanum er։ Erkri arevmtyan masum, vory miacvac er Byuzandiayin, veracvac er hayoc tagavorutyuny, ekeghecin entaka er hunakan episkoposutyany, ekeghecu ev petakan lezun hunarenn er։ Hayastani erku maseri mimyancic otaracumy sparnum er erkri ev zhoghovrdi amboghjutyany, verahas er darnum hayutyan dzulman vtangy, amboghj erkrum dprocneri, hamalsaranneri lezun hunarenn er, masamb asorereny, ekeghecakanneri zgali masy huyner u asoriner ein, hay hogevorakanutyan vorosh masy hunaxos er։

Hay greri steghcman anhrazheshtutyuny

Arevmtyan shat gavarnerum hunarenn u hunakan kencaghy armatanum ein hay yntaniqnerum։ Arquniqum pashtonavarelis ev heto Mashtocy kanxazgacel er haykakan inqnuruyn petutyan motalut ankumy։ «Tesnelov, vor hayoc tagavorutyan verjy hasel e, Mesropy (erkri) xrovutyunnern ir hamberutyan nyut dardzrec» (Movses Xorenaci, Patmutyun Hayoc, 1968 t.) ։

Ayspes Mashtoci hamar hay dprutyan hratap steghcumn uner hetevyal npataknery.

1. hayacnel qristoneakan grqery, qarozchutyunn u araroghutyunnery katarel hayeren,
2. steghcel u zargacnel mayreni lezvov grakanutyun
3. hayutyuny phrkel dzulumic, ev da apahovel hetagayi hamar
4. amracnel erkri qaghaqakanapes erku masi bazhanvac hatvacneri hogevor, lezvakan ev mshakutayin miasnutyuny, vory qaghaqakan miasnutyan himq piti darnar erkri petakan ankaxutyuny verakangnelu hnaravorutyan depqum։

Mashtoci ays cragiry dzevavorvec Goghtnum unecac gorcuneutyunic heto, erb Koryuni, «Na mtqum drec aveli hogal nuynpes hamayn (Hayoc) ashxarhi zhoghovrdin mxitarelu masin» (Koryun, Varq Mashtoci, 1962 t.) grqum bervum en naev Mashtoci xosqery. «Trtmutyun e indz hamar, ev anpakas en im srti cavern im eghbayrneri ev azgakicneri hamar» ։

Sahak Partev

387 t. Katoghikos dardzac Sahak Partevy, vor misht eghel e azgakentron qaghaqakanutyan arajamartik ev Mashtoci glxavor henarany nra gorcuneutyan skzbic evet, unecel e nuyn mtahogutyuny։ Galov Vagharshapat: Mashtocy katoghikosin haytnum e ir cragiry ev anmijapes stanum nra liakatar havanutyuny։ Gumarvum e zhoghov: nvirvac hayeren gir unenalu harcin։ Vramshapuh tagavory havanutyun e talis npatakin: haytnelov, vor Asoriqum Daniel anunov episkoposi mot hayeren grer kan։ Zhoghovi xndranqov tagavory hay greri naxandzaxndir Vahritch anunov mi ishxani ugharkum e Danieli merdzakic Habel ereci mot։ Verjins, Danielic arnelov grery, Vahritchi het berum e Hayastan։ Aystegh himnvum en dprocner, Mashtocy stanum e vardapeti (usucchi) kochum ev sksum manuknerin hayoc lezu usucanel bervac grerov։ Skizb e drvum hayeren dprutyany։ Mot erku tarva dasavandumic heto parzvum e, vor danielyan nshanagrery zhamanaki hayerenn artahaytelu hamar anbavarar en u anharmar lezvi vankarkman u usucman tesaketic. «… haskacan, vor ayd nshanagrery bavakan chen hayeren lezvi sizobanery-kapern amboghjutyamb artahaytelu hamar» ։ Danielyan nshanagreri masin banasernery hakadir entadrutyunner en arel։ Bacarvac che, vor drancov inch vor zhamanak grvel e hayeren, isk Mashtoci oroq dranq chen bavararel hayeren dasavandelu ev hayoc dprutyun steghcelu hamar։

Sahak Partevi erashxavorutyamb, tagavori hramanov ays angam Mashtocy ir ashakert-ognakanneri het mi xumb manukner arac, ughevorvum e Asoriq։ Linum e Amid, apa Edesia qaghaqnerum, hayoc greri masin xorhrdakcum asori hogevorakanneri het, bayc apardyun։ Manukneri mi masin asorakan krtutyun e talis Edesiayum, myusin ugharkum aveli hyusis Samosat: hunakan krtutyan։ Edesiayum Mashtocy steghcagorcakan erkunq aprec, «… na shat neghutyunner qashec ir azgayin mi bari ognutyun gtnelu hamar»

Hayeren hnchyunakan hamakargi steghcumy

Mashtocy 405-in steghcum e hayereni hnchyunakan hamakargy tchshgrtoren artahaytogh, usucanelu, targmanelu ev dprutyun steghcelu npatakin liovin harmar nshanagrer. «Na ir surb ajov hayrabar cnec nor ev sqancheli cnundner hayeren lezvi nshanagrer» ։ Edesiayum Mashtocy noragyut tarery dasavorom e: ogtvelov hunakan aybubeni hertakanutyunic, tarerin talis e anunner (ayb, ben), voroshum e nranc tvayin arzheqnery (A =1, Zh = 10, Tch = 100) ։ Apa ancnelov Samosat hmut hunaget Hrophanosi ognutyamb katarelagorcum e noraguyn tareri gcagrutyuny, nor tarern usucanum ir ognakannerin ev aydtegh hunakan krtutyun stacogh manuknerin, ir ashakertner Hovhan Ekeghecacu ev Hovseph Paghnacu het sksum e nor gri ognutyamb Astvacashnchic hayeren targmanel Soghomoni araknery, vori arajin naxadasutyuny naev mesropatar arajin naxadasutyunn er.

Tchanachel zimastutiւn ev zxrat, imanal zbans hantcharoy։

Hay dprutyan himnadrumy

Hayoc grery steghcelis Mashtocy petq e lucer mi sharq bard xndirner, voroncic ein Hayastani aveli qan 300 hazar km qarakusi taracqum xosvogh barbarneri paymannerum miasnakan grakan hayereni hamar hnchyunakan kanoni voroshumy, grutyan dzaxic aj (inchpes hunarenum) ev ajic dzax (inchpes asorerenum) eghac tarberakneric mekn yntrely, dzaynavorneri hamar tarer unenalu te chunenalu ev kam dzaynavorneri hamar havelanshumnerov (diakritik nshannerov) artahaytelu harci lucumy։ Hayereni hnchyunayin hamakargy voroshelic Mashtocy aravelapes nkati arav arquniqum, naxararakan vorosh tnerum, hogevorakanutyan shrjanum dzevavorvac carayoghakan (atenakan) hayereny, vory henvac er araratyan (yst ayl karciqneri Taroni) xosvacqi vra ev inqy gorcacum er Surb girqy banavor targmanelis u qarozelis։ Shrjancelov xosvacqayin negh arandznahatkutyunnery na voroshec barakazmich hnchyunneri (hnchuytneri) irakan qanaky, hayereni hamar bacarec vankayin ev dzaynavorner chunecogh grayin hamarakargery, arajnordvec mek hnchyunin (hnchuytin) mek gir skzbunqov, hayereni yuraqanchyur hnchyuni hamar steghcvec mek nshanagir (bacarutyun er «u» hnchyuny, ete ayn erkbarbarayin artasanutyun chuner) ։ Mashtocy iravacioren hrazharvec tareri dzaynayin arzheqy phoxogh keteric u gcikneric yuraqanchyur depqum geradaselov unenal arandzin tar։ Aydpes steghcvec 36 tar, voronc kirarutyuny tchshtec Soghomoni araknery targmanelis: vordegrelov grelu horizonakan arajyntac harmaraguyn eghanaky, drec hayereni ughghagrutyan himqy (orinak teev steghcvel er «y» tary, bayc, nkati unenalov hamapatasxan hnchyuni hatchaxaki gorcacutyuny hayerenum, «y» tari grutyuny sahmanaphakogh kanon hastatec) ։ Mashtoci steghcac giry ev ughghagrutyuny dardzan amenic liarzheqy zhamanaki myus grayin hamakargeri sharqum ev chhnacan ancac 1600 tarinerin։ Mijnadarum Mashtoci grac tarerin avelacan miayn «o» ev «f» tarery։ Hetagayum arvel en mi qani ughghagrakan phophoxutyunner (hatkapes arevelahayereni hamar: 1922, 1940) ։

Mashtocy norasteghc grerov veradarnum e hayreniq։ Erkrum cavalvum e targmanchac sharzhumy, vory lusavorakan-krtakan yndardzak u erkaratev gorcuneutyun er (erkri bolor maserum haykakan dprocneri himnadrum, targmanakan cavalun ashxatanq, hay dprutyan steghcum, ekeghecu u qarozchutyan hayacum, hay grchutyan kentronneri u gradaranneri himnum) ։

Astvacashnchi targmanutyuny

Sahak Partevn u Mesrop Mashtocn ashakertneri het sksel en Astvacashnchi targmanutyuny: mi masn asorerenic, myus masy: hunarenic։ Mashtocy naxqan ayd ir qarozchakan gorcuneutyan zhamanak, bazmics banavor targmanac linelov Astvacashnchi arandzin hatvacner, dranc zgali masn angir giter, ev mnum er stugel u gri arnel noragyut tarerov։ Kartch zhamanakum Surb grqi himnakan masy targmanvel er hayeren ev bazmacvel grchutyamb։ Ayd yntacqum targmanvel en naev philisophayakan, zhamanakagrakan, bnagitakan ev ayl bnuyti erker։

Hay greri usucman shrjagayutyunnery

Haykakan aybuben

A a	C c	J j
B b	K k	R r
G g	H h	S s
D d	Dz dz	V v
E e	Gh gh	T t
Z z	Tch tch	R r
E e	M m	C c
Y y	Y y	Ւ ւ
T t	N n	Ph ph
Zh zh	Sh sh	Q q
I i	Vo vo	ev
L l	Ch ch	O o
X x	P p	F f

Tareri gyutic heto Mashtocy ir ognakanneri het shrjagayel e Hayastanum, havaqagrel ashakertner, himnel dprocner, inqy tvel hayereni dasavandman arajin orinaky, himnadrel vanqer, voronq dardzel en usman, grchutyan u gitutyan kentron ev orinak hetaga darerum norery himnelu։

Arajin ereq shrjagayutyunnery Mashtocy katarel e Arevelyan Hayastanum, chorrordy Arevmtyan Hayastanum։ Aystegh Anatolis kusakaly, Mashtocin pativnerov ynduneluc heto, nra mtadrutyunnery haytnel e Byuzandiayi Teodos 2-rd kaysrin։ Sa Mashtocin shnorhel e Akumit (tqnogh, artun hskogh) patvavor titghosy, sakayn zrkel gorcuneutyan iravunqic ev Mashtocy ognakanneri mi masin toghnelov Phoqr Hayqi Melitene (Malatia) qaghaqum, mnacacneri het meknel e Kostandnupolis, banakcel kaysri het, stacel hay erexanerin mayreni lezvov krtelu ev hay hogevorakanneri daser hastatelu kayseragir iravunqy։ Veradarnalov Arevmtyan Hayastan: aystegh nuynpes himnel e haykakan dprocner, mshakutayin kentronner։

Yst Koryuni: Arevelyan Hayastanum katarac erkrord shrjagayutyan zhamanak, «sksec Tirojic iren shnorhvaci hamemat nshanagrer horinel vraceren lezvi hamar» ։ (Movses Xorenaci Patmutyun Hayoc 1968) ։

Arevelyan Hayastanum katarac ir mi ayl (hingerord) shrjagayutyan zhamanak Mashtocn aycelel e Bun Aghvanq (Kur geti dzax aphin), amenabazmamard ceghi gargaracineri lezvi hamar teghaci Beniamin ereci ognutyamb steghcel tarer («Nshanagrer steghcec gargaracineri lezvi hamar» Xorenaci nuyn teghum), himnel dprocner, skizb dnel targmanchac gorcin։

Mashtoci ev nra ashakertneri gorcuneutyuny

431 t. Mashtoci ashakertner Ghevond Vanandencin, Koryuny, Eznik Koghbacin ev Hovseph Paghnacin Kostandnupolsic berel en Astvacashnchi Yotanasnic kochvogh hunaren kanonnery ev ayl grakanutyun։ Skizb e arel Astvacashnchi naxnakan shtap (phutanaki) kochvogh targmanutyan hamematakan xmbagrumy, cheghac hatvacneri targmanumy, vorov steghcvel e Astvacashnchi haytni Sahak-Mesropyan hayeren targmanakan bnagiry։ Sharunakelov targmanakan ev xmbagrakan ashxatanqy: Mashtocy ev Sahak Partevy kazmel en hay ekeghecu Pataragamatuyci, Cisarani («Mashtoci»), zhamagrqi naxnakan tarberaknery։ Mashtocy grel e qarozner, tcharer, ugherdzner, kazmel e hunakan erkeri mi zhoghovacu, vory heto inqy targmanel e hayeren, yst vorosh tvyalneri xmbagrel e Grigor Lusavorchi «Hatchaxapatum» qarozneri zhoghovacun։

Mashtocy eghel e zhamanaki xoshor hay banasteghcy։ Yst teghekutyunneri, tchgnakyac kyanqi tarineric sksac na hogevor banasteghcutyunner e horinel։ Tareri gyutic heto, erb shatacan ekeghecu cesery, ergecoghutyuny hayacnelu xndiry, Mashtoci steghcac ergery vordegrvecin ekeghecu koghmic, isk hetaygayum mtan Sharaknoci mej։ Yst bazum vkayutyunneri sharaknocnerum ka shurj 130 banasteghcutyun, ayd tvum Harc. Ter erknic, Voghormea sharqeric։ Dranq mesropyan tarerov grvac banasteghcutyunner en։ Mashtoci banasteghcutyunnery xorapes qnarakan en, krum en heghinaki xor nershnchanqi kniqy։

Mashtocy Sahak Partevi het, himnadrel e hay masnagitakan erazhshtutyuny nranq kargavorel en hayoc banavor zhoghovrdakan u hogevor dzayneghanaknery ev ogtagorcel ekeghecakan erazhshtutyan mej hay masnagitakan erazhshtutyan elevejumy: paymanavorelov hayoc lezvi hncherangov։ Mashtocy eghel e naev hay ergi arajin dprocakan usucichy։

Mashtocy hayereni arajin usucichy linelov naev hay mankavarzhutyan arajamartikn e։ Na mshakel e hayoc lezvi, hay erazhshtutyan ev haykakan norasteghc dprocnerum usucanvogh myus ararkaneri dasavandman skzbunqnery, voroshel e haykakan dproci lezvakan himunqy dasavandumn sksel mesropyan tareri ev hayereni, vorpes miak mayreni lezvi, usucmamb, hanrakrtakan ararkanery dasavandel hayeren, otar lezunery hayoc lezvi himan vra։ Mashtocakan ays himunqy hetaga darerum avandakan dardzav haykakan dprocneri hamar te hayreniqum, te hayreniqic durs։

Mashtoci mankavarzhakan hayacqneri karevor mi koghmn e dprocum dasavandumy ashakertnerin liovin haskanali lezvov katarely։ Hayastani dprocnerum hunaren ev asoreren dasavandumy amboghjutyamb hayerenov phoxarinely, himnakan npatakic baci naev mankavarzhakan xorhurd e unecel։

Mashtoci araqelutyunn u hishataky

Mashtoci ashxarhayacqin bnorosh e mardu inqnatchanachman ev katarelagorcman gaghaphary, mardy ir voch kataryal linely nerqin anmaqrutyunnern u aratavor ararqnery gitakcum e Kataryal tchanachelu ev nra het shphvelu shnorhiv, vory mardun mghum e depi xor zghjum, apashxarhutyun ev tchanaparh bazum Kataryalin motenalu u dzulvelu nerqnapes maqrvelu ev hamyndhanur sirov lcvelu։ Mashtoci hasarakakan hayacqneri mej karevor en zhoghovrdin mayreni lezvov lusavorelu, hayutyunn u hayreniqy qristoneakan ekeghecu ev hayoc lezvi u hay matenagrutyan mijocov miavorelu, zhoghovrdi azgayin inqnutyuny pahpanelu gaghapharnery։

Vorpes anhat Mashtocy, Xorenacu vkayutyamb, gerazancel e. «… bolor araqini mardkancic, vorpisiq ayn zhamanak kayin։ Vorovhetev ambartavanutyun ev mardahatchutyuny nra varqum erbeq tegh chgtan, ayl hez, baryacakam ev baremit linelov, erevum er bolorin erknayinneri sovorutyamb zardarvac։ Vorovhetev na hreshtaki tesq uner, beghmnavor mitq, paycar er xosqov, gorcerov zhuzhkal» ։ (Patmutyun Hayoc, 1968 t.) Koryuny vkayum e «…shat bantarkyalner u kalanavorner ev neghyalner azatec Qristosi ahavor zorutyamb korzelov nranc brnakalneri dzerqic… shat murhakner patrec» (Varq Mashtoci, 1962 t.) ։

Mashtoci mahic heto hazarapet Vahan Amatunin ev zoravar Hmayak Mamikonyany mec bazmutyamb nra marminy teghaphoxum en Oshakan, vortegh ereq tari anc Vahan Amatunin tatchar e karucum, atchyuny teghaphoxum ayntegh։ Nra hishataky hargelu hamar Hovseph katoghikosy handznararum e Koryunin grelu Mashtoci kyanqn u gorcy։ Hay ekeghecin, nkati unenalov Mashtoci zhoghovrdakanutyuny, nran dasel e ir srberi sharqy։

428 t. Hayastani arevelyan masum nuynpes veracav hayoc Arshakunineri petakanutyuny։ Qaghaqakan tesaketic Hayastani hamar ayd canr zhamanakashrjanum Mashtoci gyutov cnund arac hayoc dprutyuny arag caghkec vorpes erkri qaghaqakanapes anjat masery hogevor u mshakutayin zodumov miavorogh ev hayutyany dzulumic patsparogh uzh։

Hayastanum ev sphyurqum Mashtoci anunov en kochvum petakan u hasarakakan himnarkner, dprocner, phoghocner ev ayln։ 1962 t. Mashtoci anunn e krum haykakan amenaharust dzeragratuny Matenadarany։ Oshakani tchanaparhin kangnecvel e mashtocyan aybubenin nvirvac hushakotogh։ Mashtoci anunn e krum naev Erevan qaghaqi glxavor poghotan։ Nra anunov e kochvum Oshakani glxavor phoghocy, mijnakarg dprocy ev Oshakanum ka nra anuny krogh ekegheci, vory karucvel e nra shirmi vra։Oshakanum gorcum e naev nra anuny krogh eritasardac ev patanyac miutyunner։

Filmer

• Mesrop Mashtoc (1988) Hayfilm, phastagrakan film nvirvac hayoc greri steghcman patmutyany ev Mesrop Mashtocin։ Scenari heghinak Artashes Martirosyan, rezhisor Levon Mkrtchyan։