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Ruben Ter֊Gasparyan, «Shushi qaghaqy»
14:25, 07.01.2018
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Glux I — Shushi qaghaqi bnaashxarhagrakan bnutagrutyuny Qaghaqi ashxarhagrakan dirqy Shushin teghadrvac e hyusisayin laynutyamb 39° 46 ev arevelyan erkarutyamb 46° 45 vra։ Gtnvelov Phoqr Kovkasi lerneri shrjanum, na phrvac e Shushu saraharti hamematabar dzhvar matcheli vayrum, covi makeresic 1300—1500 metr bardzrutyan vra[2]։ Shushin gtnvum e Gharabaghi lernashghtayi naxalernerum: shrjapatvac bardzradir lernerov, voronq hasnum en covi makerevuytic aveli qan 2500 metr bardzrutyan ev pashtpanum en qaghaqn uzhegh qamineric։ Qaghaqic 18 kilometr depi harav֊arevmutq gtnvum e Ttu jri lernancqy (Lisogorskiy pereval 2100 m), vori vrayov ancnum e Zangezur (Goris) tanogh xtchughin։ Lernancqy mi qani haryur metr Shushuc aveli bardzr e։ Shushuc depi harav֊arevmutq gtnvum e Gharabaghi lernashghtayi haravayin masi amenabardzr lernagagaty: Mec Qirsy (2746 metr) ։ Qaghaqin arevmutqic, haravic ev arevelqic erevacogh lernayin masivnery ev shghtanery nuynpes Shushuc aveli bardzr en ev miayn depi hyusis teghanqy ktruk kerpov cacranum e, ev Shushi֊Evlax xtchughuc bazmativ zigzagnerov ijnum e depi Stephanakert u Karkar gety, vory goyanum e Shushuc mot 10 kilometr heravorutyan vra Qarin tak ev Xayfalu (Ghaybalu) geteri miaxarnumic։ Ays geteric arajiny hosum e xory dzorum, Shushuc depi harav֊arevelq, isk erkrordy arajacnum e aveli pakas xorutyan dzor, vorn ynkac e Shushuc arevmutq։ Ttu jri bardzr lerneric parz erevum e, te inchpes qaghaqy oghakvac e qare gotiov, vory ktruk kerpov cac e ijnum depi ayd geteri hovitnery: mi qani haryur metr ughghahayac gic kazmelov depi hishyal dzorery։ Qarin tak geti hovity arandznapes andndaxur e, ev geti hosanqi ughghutyamb gnalov dzory aveli xoranum e Honot gyughi jraghacneri mot։ Ayspisov, ughghahayac zhayreri «qari gotin» ereq koghmic (hyusisic, arevmutqic ev haravic), isk amroci (Shushu berdi) hzor patery (arevelqic ev harav֊arevmutqic) qaghaqy pashtpanum ein artaqin hardzakumneric ev nran dardznum anarik mijnadaryan berd։ Ayn bardzravandaky, vori vra karucvac e Shushi qaghaqy, aynpisin e, vor teqvac e haravic ev arevmutqic depi hyusis֊arevelq։ Qaghaqi teghn yndhanrapes anhart e, makeresy: ktrtvac dzoraknerov, phoghocnery, vor XVIII—XIX darerum en karucvac, xist negh en։ Gnxavor Erevanyan phoghocy, vori vrayov ancnum e «Nerqevi darbasic» depi «Verin darbas» (naxkin Erevanyan) ev apa depi Zangezum tanogh tchanaparhy, aynqan negh e, vor nra vrayov miazhamanak erku sayl haziv karoghanayin ancnel։ Ayd phoghocy bavakanin zarivayr e, inchpes naev shat ayl phoghocner։ Berdi qare hast pateri mnacordnery ayzhm el kareli e nkatel qaghaqi hyusisayin masum, vory bnakanic aveli tuyl e pashtpanvac, naev arevmtyan masum, vortegh qaghaqy bacvum e depi Zangezur։ Berdi pateri mej qaghaqic depi hyusis ev arevelq gtnvum e Agh֊oghlani (Amarasi) darbasy, isk arevelq: Gandzaki darbasy: sayleri hamar։ Sa berdi storin darbasn e։ Ancyalum, erb qochvornery sar ein bardzranum kam lerneric ijnum qaghaqi mijov, Erevanyan phoghocy eli (qochvorneri) tchanaparhn er handisanum[3]։ Shushi qaghaqi bnakeli taracutyuny xist sahmanaphak e։ Hyusisum ev hyusis֊arevelqum nran sahmanaphakum en berdi pashtpanutyan hamar karucvac patery, voroncic heto sksum e zarivayr ijnel dzory։ Bnakaranner karucelu hamar xist sahmanaphak en naev qaghaqic depi arevmutq ev harav ynkac taracutyunnery (aystegh xangarum e teghanqy ev platoyi cayry) ։ Derevs 1852 tvakanin hashvvac e eghel, vor Shushi qaghaqum shenqer kareli e karucel 369 desyatin taracutyan vra, voric shenqerov arden zbaghvac er 200 desyatin taracutyun։ «Shenqer chen karucvac zarivayr bardzrutyan vra: qaghaqi haravayin masum, vorn ynkac e negh shertov arevmutqic depi arevelq, vortegh karucumner katareluc heto qaghaqy tegh chuni mecanalu» [4]։ Qaghaqi haravayin masi teq lanjery hetagayum zgali chaphov karucapatvum ev bnakecvum en։ Qaghaqi atchi tesaketic bnakeli taracutyan xist sahmanaphak linely hetagayum (1923 t․) handisacav pattcharneric meky, vor Lernayin Gharabaghi varchakan kentron dardzav Stephanakerty, ev voch te Shushu averumneri zerc mnacac qaghaqamasy (teev ayd himnakan pattchary cher) ։ Petq e nkatel, vor Shushu bardzravandaky, vori vra arajacel, zagracel ev ayzhm el goyutyun uni Shushi qaghaqy, ir erkrabanakan karucvacqov nerkayacnum e mezonyan shrjani kraqarayin plato։ Shushu kraqarayin bardzravandaky darer sharunak tvel e qaghaqin hrashali shinanyut bnakaranner karucelu, phoghocnery qarahatakelu, berdi patery kangnecnelu ev arzheqavor tchartarapetakan hushardzanner, eregheciner u mechidner karucelu hamar։ Kraqary carayel e naev kir artadrelu hamar։ Shushu shrjakayqum eghac bazmativ qarayrnery vkayum en uzhegh zargacac karstayin erevuytneri masin։ Kraqari harust shertery uzhegh lucman en entarkvel storerkrya ev erkri eresin arat hosogh jreri nergorcutyan tak։ Shushu kliman Shushi qaghaqi klimayakan paymanneri masin kareli e datel nra oderevutabanakan kayani tvyalneri himan vra։ Inchpes erevum e 1915 tvakani «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊i cucmunqic[5], Shushu oderevutabanakan kayann ashxatel e 1848—51 tvakannerin, aynuhetev 1872 t․ minchev 1874 t․, isk 1888 t․ sksac na andadar ashxatel e minchev 1920 t․, aysinqn minchev qaghaqi haykakan masi averumy։ Minchev 1920 t․, verjin arnvazn 15 tarva yntacqum, oderevutabanakan kayany gtnvum er Shushu realakan dprocin kic։ Oderevutabanakan kayany spasarkum ein Shushu realakani usucichnery dproci bardzr dasarani ashakertneri het։ Nranq amen or amphophagir ein haghordum Tiflisum gtnvogh kentronakan oderevutabanakan varchutyany[6]։ 1920 t․ heto kayany teghaphoxvum e adrbejanakan mas: rusakan ekeghecu mot, qaghaqi storin darbasic voch heru, vortegh gtnvum e arayzhm։ Inchpes erevum e bervac tvyalneric, Shushu oderevutabanakan kayany patkanum e Andrkovkasum vaghuc ashxatogh phoqraqanak kayanneri tvin, vory mi qani tasnamyakneri yntacqum vstaheli tvyalner e tvel Shushu oderevutabanakan paymanneri masin, Kovkasi nshanavor klimayaban profesor I․ Figurovskin ir arzheqavor ashxatutyan mej bardzr gnahatakan e tvel Shushu oderevutabanakan kayani tvyalnerin[7]։ Shushin gtnvum e verin gotu antarayin shrjanum, vory hamematabar lav pahpanvel e qaghaqi motaka shrjakayqum, lerneri lanjerin ev uni chaphavor xonav ev hamematabar meghm klima։ Yst prof․ Figurovsku hashvarman, vory katarvac e oderevutabanakan bazmamya tvyalneri himan vra, Shushu mijin tarekan jermastitchany havasar e +8, 5, mijin hunvaryan (amenacurt amsva) jermastitchany havasar e —2, 2, isk mijin hulisyany (amenataq amsva) : +19, 3։ Ayspisov, jermastitchanneri mijin tarekan tarberutyuny (ampiltudy) havasar e 21, 5, vory kareli e hamarel camaqayin erkrneri hamar xist chaphavor։ Sa bacatrvum e inchpes amarva, aynpes el dzmerva yntacqum qaghaqy shrjapatogh antarayin shrjani chaphavorogh azdecutyamb։ Shushum, yst tarva eghanakneri, mijin jermastitchannery havasar en, dzmery: —9, 8, garnany: +7, 4, amary: +18, 2, ashnany: +9, 5։ Bacasakan jermastitchannery Shushum linum en miayn hunvarin ev phetrvarin, teev sarnamaniqner ev dzyun Shushum karogh en linel ev hunvaric araj, bayc ays qaghaqum minchev 1926 tvakani septembery nshvum e miayn mi curt or (0֊ic cacr jermastitchanov) amboghj 30 tarva yntacqum, bayc noyemberic sksac nranq hatchax en linum minchev mart amisy neraryal, april amsum sarnamaniqnern hazvadep en, isk mayisin nranq handipum en bacarik tarinerum։ Dzmerva meghmutyan pattcharov Shushum hnaravor e zbaghvel aygegorcutyamb, banjarabucutyamb ev ayl gyughatntesakan kulturaneri atchecmamb։ Arhasarak, Shushu jermayin paymannery chaphazanc npastavor en, vorpeszi na darna Andrkovkasi xoshor aroghjaran։ Qaghaqi sqancheli tetev ev maqur lernayin ody, chaphavor taq amary, dzmerayin sarnamaniqneri bacakayutyuny, jermastitchani chaphavor tatanumnery yst amisneri, hrashali ashnan arajin amisnery, voronq zgali chaphov aveli taq en, qan garnan amisnery, dardznum en Shushin mer erkri bnakan aroghjarany։ Xoselov Phoqr Kovkasi lernayin shrjani bnakan zonayi masin, vortegh teghadrvac e Shushin, profesor I․ Figurovskin grum e․ «Chaphavor taq, nuynisk hov amary, vory miazhamanak hamematabar parz e ev chor, dardznum e ayd zonan arhasarak Andrkovkasi amenalav klimayakan kayanneric meky ev amenalavy amboghj Arevelyan Andrkovkasum։ Shushin ev Ttu jury ays tesaketic vaghuc i ver haytni en, inchpes ev Dilijany, amary aystegh ir jermastitchanov nmanvum e Cyurixin, Bernin, Zhnevin ev ayl Shveycarakan ev Tirolyan vayrerin» [8]։ Shushu aroghjarani aravelutyunnery, ayl nshanavor aroghjaranneri hamematutyamb, ashxarhagrakan dirqi bardzrutyuny (hashvac covi makeresic), ashxarhagrakan laynutyan astitchani ev jermastitchani bardzrutyuny dzmran amisnerin (noyember֊mart) [9]։ Aghyusak 1Amphophvac (yndhanracrac)
Ezrakacutyun․—Shushin bolor tvarkac kurortneric aveli harav e, arandznapes Dasovic ev zgali chaphov aveli taq e dzmran amisnerin։ Dzmery aregaky aveli bardzr e ev kesorin aveli intensiv e taqacnum։ Cerekn aveli erkar e, jermastitchany 0°֊ic cacr e Shushum miayn erku amis, aveli pakas, qan myus tvac aroghjarannerum, manavand Davosum, vortegh tevum e hing amis։ Inchpes parz e erevum berac tvyalneric ev mer usumnasirutyunneric, ashuny Shushum zgali chaphov aveli taq e, qan garuny։ Inch veraberum e odi xonavutyan astitchanin ev teghumneri qanakin, Shushum odi mijin tarekan bacardzak xonavutyuny havasar e 7 mm, minimumy: hunvarin (3 mm), maqsimumy: hunisin, hulisin ev ogostosin (11 mm) ։ Mijin tarekan haraberakan xonavutyuny havasar e 67%, yst vorum maqsimumn ynknum e april (73 %) ev mayis (74 %) amisnerin, naev ashnanayin amisnerin (10 — 71 %, 10 — 73 %, 10 — 70 %), isk minimumy: amarayin ev dzmerayin amisnerin (7 — 54 %, 8 — 59 %, 12 — 63 %, 1 — 63 %, 2 — 65 %) ։ Maqsimal ampamacutyuny Shushum nuynpes linum e garnany (erkinqy 50 % cackvum e amperov) ev ashnany (ampery cackum en erknqi 54 %), isk minimal ampamacutyuny linum e amrany (45 %) ev dzmrany (50 %) ։ Yst amisneri ampamacutyan maqsimumy linum e mayisin (62 %) ev martin (59 %), minimumy ogostosin (42 %) ։ Mijin tarekan ampamacutyuny havasar e 53 %։ Shushum mtnolortayin teghumneri tarekan qanaky havasar e 639 mm, ynd vorum yst amisneri teghumneri maqsimumy ynknum e garnan amisnerin ev hunisin, erkrord maqsimumy: ashnan arajin amisnerin, minimumy: hulis ev ogostos amisnerin ev dzmerva amisnerin։ Yst amisneri teghumneri maqsimumy linum e mayisin (127 mm), minimumy dektemberin (20 mm) ։ Teghumneri gumary Shushum garnan amisnerin (mart, april, mayis), hunisi yntacqum ev ashnan erku arajin amisneri yntacqum (september, hoktember) havasar e 468 mm, isk tarva mnacac 6 amsva yntacqum (hulis, ogostos, noyember, dektember, hunvar, phetrvar), aysinqn: glxavorapes dzmerva ev amarva amisneri yntacqum havasar e 171 mm[10]։ Tarva eghanakneri teghumner tvogh oreri tivy Shushum havasar e: dzmrany 20 or, garnany—41, amrany 25 or, ashnany—26։ Tarva teghumnerov aghqat eghanaky (te oreri tvov ev te teghumneri qanakov) dzmern e, vor shat npastavor e Shushin naev dzmerayin aroghjaran dardznelu hamar։[11] Ayspisov, Shushu kliman mijin tarekan teghumneri gumarov ev nra bashxumov yst tarva eghanakneri kareli e hamarel chaphavor xonav ev barenpast: mardu aroghjutyan hamar։ Shushu hamar bnorosh e naev ayn, vor na tarva yntacqum chuni voch mi chor amis, aysinqn aynpisi amis, erb teghumner berogh oreri tivy amsva yntacqum 6 oric pakas e։ Chor amisneri arkayutyuny hatuk e anapatayin vayrerin։ Nranc bacakayutyuny Shushum nuynpes petq e hamarel barenpast klimayakan gorcon։ Shushum hatchax en maraxughnery, aystegh tarva yntacqum maraxlapat oreri tivy havasar e 70֊i։ Maraxughnery amenic hatchax linum en hoktemberin (10 or), martin (9 or), aprilin ev noyemberin (8֊akan or), aysinqn: garnany ev ashnany, isk amenic qich: hulisin (1 or) ev ogostosin (2 or) ։ Yst tarva eghanakneri maraxlapat oreri tivy havasar e: amrany 7 orva, garnany 21 orva, ashnany—25, dzmrany—17 orva։ Maraxlapat oreri tivy Shushum aveli e, qan Abastumanum, bayc aystegh maraxughnery erkaratev chen ev nranq chen nsemacnum Shushu aroghjaranayin֊klimayakan nshanakutyuny[12]։ Shushum garnany hatchax teghataraph andzrevner en linum։ Yst profesor Figurovsku, Shushum 32 tarva ditumneri yntacqum teghataraph andzrevneri tivy (erb orakan teghumneri gumary 40 mm֊ic aveli e) havasar e 21 orva, vory zgali chaphov aveli e, qan Phoqr Kovkasi oderevutabanakan ditumneri ayl keterum, ynd vorum ditvac teghataraph andzrevneric amenauzheghy teghi e unecel 1906 t․ mayisin, erb teghumneri qanaky havasar e eghel 90 mm (sa amenashatn e hamematac Phoqr Kovkasi bolor kayannerum eghac ditumneric) ։ Shushu hamar xist bnorosh en naev ampropnery։ Ampropayin oreri qanaky mijin hashvov havasar e tarva yntacqum 25 orva ev amboghj Adrbejanakan XSH miayn mi qani kayanner aveli ampropayin orer unein, qan Shushin (Zurnabazhy: 34, Zaqatalan: 29, Aliabady: 26) [13]։ Dzmery Shushum mtnolortayin teghumnery sovorabar dzyan dzevov en linum։ Arajin dzyuny Shushum karogh e linel nuynisk septemberin (bazmamya ditumnerov amenavagh dzyuny teghacel e septemberi 19֊in, amenaushy: mayisi 30֊in), bayc sranq bacarik depqer en, isk sovorabar dzyuny teghum e noyemberic minchev mart amisnery, ayn el voch anyndhat։ Sarnamaniqayin oreri tivy Shushum mijin hashvov havasar e 143֊i, ynd vorum dzyan cacky miangamic chi hastatvum henc arajin ekac dzyan oric ev anhetanum e verjin teghac dzyunic araj։ Dzyan teghman oreri maqsimumy hoktemberin havasar e 7֊i, noyemberin—12֊i, dektemberin—12֊i, hunvarin—11֊i, phetrvarin—13֊i, martin—17֊i, aprilin—10֊i, mayisin—2֊i, septemberin—1֊i, bayc da maqsimumn e։ Dzyan cackuyti hastutyuny Shushum mijin hashvov havasar e 20—30 sm, bayc kan tariner, erb ayn zgali chaphov aveli e linum։ Shushu klimayi arandznahatkutyunneri pattcharneric mekn el ayn e, vor qaghaqi bnakecvac mask patvac e bardzr lernerov։ Bolor koghmeric lav pashtpanvac e qamineric ev qaghaqum sovorabar tirum e xaghagh eghanak։ Hrashali e dzyan orerin, erb eghanaky xaghagh e, parz u arevot։ Ayspisi orerin hatcheli e phaylun ev phaphuk dzyan mijov bardzranal «qerci gluxy», depi Qarin tak tanogh tchanaparhy։ Motaka lerneri ev blurneri bardzr lanjerin, voronq mtnum en Shushu platoyi mej, orinak, naxkin zbosayguc ayn koghm bardzracogh bardzr zhayreri vra: ayspes kochvac «qerci glxin» kam Jydyr Dyuzium shat hatchax linum en uzhegh qaminer։ Shushum tirapetogh qamu ughghutyuny tarva bolor eghanaknerin haravarevelyann e, hazvagyut depqum: arevelyany, erbemn el haravayin ughghutyuny։ Qamu uzhy tarva bolor amisnerin xist chaphavor e ev havasar e mi vayrkyanum mek metric (hoktember) minchev 1, 5 metr (phetrvar) ։ Qamu mijin aragutyuny mi vayrkyanum voch mi amis 1, 5 metric chi gerazancum, vor hazvagyut erevuyt e Adrbejani oderevutabanakan kayanneri mej[14]։ Avelord chi lini nshel, vor Shushin Andrkovkasi ayn qaghaqneric e, vortegh dzmran yntacqum shat hatchax en fyonery։ Shushum noyemberic minchev april amisnery aystegh mijin hashvov amsakan 7 or phchum en fyon tipi qaminer։ Ayd orerin odi jermastitchany bardzranum e 4, 6°֊ic (dektember) minchev 6, 6°֊y (hunvar) normayic aveli, ev odi xonavutyuny xist cacranum e։ «Fyonery xist cacracnum en dzmran dazhanutyuny, xangarum en crteri sksvelun ev aragacnum en garnan yntacqy» [15]։ Amphophelov mer xosqy Shushu klimayakan arandznahatkutyunneri masin, nshenq, vor qaghaqi te jermayin paymannery (hamematabar hov amary, meghm dzmery, tarva yntacqum jermastitchanneri xist tatanumneri bacakayutyuny) ev te odi xonavutyan arandznahatkutyunnery (odi haraberakan xonavutyan voch bardzr astitchany, cacr ampamacutyuny, manavand dzmran amisnerin, tarva yntacqum teghumneri chaphavor qanaky, manavand noyemberic minchev phetrvary, arevot oreri mec qanaky nuyn amisneri yntacqum), inchpes naev meghm, voch qamot eghanaki gerakshrutyuny, kam tuyl amisneri gerakshrutyuny, qaghaqin potencial hnaravorutyun en talis amboghj Andrkovkasum darnal hrashali aroghjaran, vory shat tesaketneric gerazancum e XSHM ev Arevmtyan Evropayi hrchakvac lernayin aroghjarannerin։ Ete Shushi qaghaqi hishchal klimayakan arandznahatkutyunnerin avelacnenq ev ayn, vor na aveli haravayin ashxarhagrakan dirq uni ev ayd pattcharov zgali chaphov aveli taq e, qan Evropayi hamapatasxan lernaklimayakan aroghjarannery, vor na covi makerevuyti hamematutyamb bardzr ashxarhagrakan dirq e gravum, nra ody tetev e, maqur u parz, na annman lernayin tesaran uni, harust antarayin ev lernamargagetnayin busakanutyamb, qaghaqi shrjapaty ir odov u busakanutyamb barenpast azdecutyun en toghnum te hivandneri, ev te aroghj mardkanc hogekan vitchaki vra, naev i nkati unenanq, vor Shushuc voch heru gtnvum en mi sharq buzhich hanqayin aghbyurner (Ttu jury Shushuc 18 km heravorutyan vra, Shirlani hanqayin aghbyury: 20 km, heravorutyan vra, (ev mi sharq annman sovorakan voch hanqayin) lernayin aghbyurner, voronq haytni en irenc hamegh u maqur jrov (Boxi aghbyur—Gharabulagh, Cexi aghbyur, Shoshran ev ayln), ays bolory miasin vercrac aveli en bardzracnum Shushi qaghaqi aroghjaranayin hnaravorutyunnery։ Jramatakararman harcy Shushium Shushi qaghaqi hamar hetaqrqir ev karevor harc e bnakchutyany ev qaghaqin jur matakararely, vory sertoren kapvac e qaghaqi klimayakan paymanneri, inchpes naev aroghjaranayin shinararutyan het։ Nerkayums (inchpes naev minchev 1920 tvakany) qaghaqy jur stanum e te qaghaqum phorac jrhorneric[16] ev te jratar xoghovakneri mijocov, voroncov jur en berum qaghaqic durs gtnvogh tegheric։ Antarakuys 1752 tvakanic heto qaghaqy himnakanum karogh er snvel miayn jrhorneri jrov, vorovhetev aynqan el hesht ban cher qaghaqin jur hascnel harevan geteric kam qaghaqic durs gtnvogh aghbyurneric jratar xoghovakneri mijocov, vorovhetev ayd getery ev aghbyurnery qaghaqi gcic durs ein gtnvum ev teghadrvac ein dzorerum։ Shushuc voch heru gtnvogh getery hosum en xory dzorerum, vorteghic jury qaghaq bardzracnely XVIII ev nuynisk XIX dari skzbin texnikakan paymannerum anhnarin er, isk qaghaqi mot gtnvogh aghbyurnery aynqan sakavajur ein, vor drancic qaghaqin jur matakararely imast chuner։ Qaghaqi gcic ners aghbyuri jur yst erevuytin chi eghel, hamenayn deps menq voch mi tegh nranc hetqerin chenq handipel ev grakanutyan mej nranc goyutyan masin vochinch chenq gtel (ete chhashvenq Mirza—Jamal Jivanshiri very berac hishatakumy) ։ Inch veraberum e jrhornerin, apa nranc tivy Shushum chaphazanc shat er ev ayzhm el qich che[17]։ Menq entadrum enq, vor qaghaqy himnadrveluc heto bavakan erkar zhamanak bnakichnerin xmelu jur ein matakararum jrhorneric, bayc XIX dari verjerin Shushum karucvum e jratar xoghovak Qarin tak geti verin masic, vory sksvum e qaghaqic mot 20 kilometric bardzr։ Aynuhetev qaghaqy sksum e kanonavor jur stanal։ Ayd jratary karucvac e eghel Tadevos Tamiryani mijocnerov[18]։ Qaghaqum XIX darum kar evs mi urish jratar: xani kam xani aghjka jrmughy, vory jur er matakararum qaghaqi nerqevi (adrbejanakan) masin։ Nranov aghbyuri maqur jur er galis (ev voch te geti pghtor jur, inchpes Qarin tak getic) Boxi aghbyuri antarneri shrjanic։ Menq bazmics Boxi aghbyuri tchanaparhin akanj einq dnum getni takic hosogh jri qchqchocin, vory kavashen xoghovakneri mijov hosum er depi qaghaq։ Tesel enq naev ayd xoghovaknery ev jury։ Tamiryanneri jratar erkate ev hzor jrmughi hamematutyamb, xani aghjka jrancqy annshan qanakutyamb jur er talis qaghaqi erku֊ereq aghbyurnerin, qaghaqi adrbejanakan masum։ Aghbyurneric meky gtnvum er Sheytan bazarum, myusy: qaghaqi Nerqevi darbasi mot, guce ev, inchpes asum ein, hangstyan tan mi corakov nuynpes hosum er Xani aghbri jury։ Verjin tasnamyakneri yntacqum jrhorneri jury Shushum aylevs xmelu pitani cher, ayn gorc er acvum carery, ayginery, bostannery jrelu hamar։ Jrhornery lcvum ein storerkya jrerov ev nranc jri makardaky arandznapes bardzranum er ayn amisneri yntacqum, erb amenic shat mtnolortayin teghumner ein linum։ Mayis amsva yntacqum nranc makardaky hamarya hasnum er hoghi eresin։ Amarva verjin ev dzmran yntacqum ayn xist ijnum er։ Jrhorneri xorutyuny tarber er ev hasnum er 10—15 metri, nuynisk avelin։ Baci sovorakan jrhorneric, Shushum mi qani tnerum karucvac ein cementapat jrambarner, voronq snvum ein voch te storerkrya jrerov, ayl nranc mej andzrevajury xoghovakneri mijocov havaqvum er titeghya taniqneric։ Ays jurn arden mec masamb gorc er acvum lvacqi ev glux lvanalu hamar։ Hishyal jrambarnery shinvum ein aveli phoqr xorutyamb (minchev 4—5 metr xorutyamb), bayc aveli layn ein linum, nranc mej havaqvum er jri keghty, tighmy (kturneri ev xoghovakneri phoshuc), vory zhamanak ar zhamanak maqrum ein։ Qaghaqi xmelu jury, vory stacvum er Qarin tak getic skizb arnogh jrmughov (Tamiryanneri karucac jrmughov), hord andzrevneri orerin aynqan pghtorvum er, vor nrancic jur xmely andurekan er darnum։ Aydpisi orerin unevor qaghaqacinery jury gnum ein jrkirneric (suchineric), voronq avanaknerin bardzac taphak phayti takarnerov aghbyuri jur ein berum Gharabulaghic, Cexi aghbric, Rusi aghbric (spandanoci motic), vatcharelov qaghaqacinerin bery (erku takary) 5 kopekov[19]։ Ayn qaghaqacinery, voronq mijoc kam cankutyun chunein hord andzrevneri orerin jrkirneric maqur aghbri jur gnel, nranq pghtor jury lcnum ein kavi mec karasneri mej, nranc mej gcum ein shib kam mi qani ktor acux, voronq ognum ein jury maqrelun։ Hoghy, busakanutyuny ev kendani ashxarhy Shat dzhvar e voroshaki xosq asel Shushu bnakan landshafti ev nra hoghabusakan cackuyti masin։ Aystegh gorc unenq mi qaghaqi het, vori bnakan landshafty ev masnavorapes nra hoghabusakan cackuyty mi qani dareri yntacqum xist kerpov phoxvel e mardu gorcuneutyan azdecutyan nerqo։ Phoxvel e teghi busakan cackuyty ev bnakan busakanutyan tegh araj en ekel ayginer, banjaranocner, zbosayginer, bnakan careri phoxaren atchel en ayginer ev ptghatu carer, tteniner, akacia, loreniner, tpher (varder, hagharj, mardu kamqin hakarak taracvel en moshutnery, voronq cackum ein 1920 tvakanin qaghaqi avervac masy), eghnjutner ev molaxoter։ Bnakan busakan cackuyti phophoxman ev aygineri u banjaranocneri arajacman zugaher (isk ayd ayginery ev banjaranocnery gtnvum ein shushecineri hamarya amen mi tan mot) phoxvel e qaghaqi hoghi cackuyty, isk hoghi manrakrkit verlucutyan bacakayutyuny hnaravorutyun chi talis datelu Shushu saraharti te hoghayin ev te busakan cackuyti masin minchev aystegh qaghaq himnely։ Aravel evs armatakan phophoxutyan e entarkvel qaghaqi kendanakan ashxarhy, vorovhetev anhetacel en vayri kendaninery ev bazmacel yntani kendaninery։ Ayd pattcharov Shushu ancyali bnakan hoghabusakan cackuyti ev kendanakan ashxarhi masin menq stipvac enq datel koghmnaki tvyalneri himan vra (qaghaqy shrjapatogh vayreri, teghanqi hogheri, busakanutyan ev kendanakan ashxarhi himan vra kam harci patasxany phntrel ancyali patmakan aghbyurneri mej) ։ Dzhbaxtabar, qaghaqi shrjakayqi tvyalnery bolorovin nuyny chen, inch verabervum e Shushu sarahartin ev hatchax shrjakayq aselov vercnum en aveli layn ughghahayac taracqner, isk Shushu ancyalin veraberogh hoghabusakan cackuyti masin patmakan aghbyurnery chaphazanc qich en։ Ete datelu linenq Shushu bardzrutyan masin covi makerevuyti hamematutyamb, manavand vor: ayn gtnvum e 1300֊ic minchev 1500 metr bardzrutyan vra ev hashvi arnenq, vor Phoqr Kovkasi sahmannerum antarayin gotin taracvum e minchev 1800—1900 metr bardzrutyuny ev miazhamanak i nkati unenanq, vor Shushu shrjakayqum shat kan hamatarac xarn antarner, ayd depqum petq e hamarel, vor Shushin amboghjapes ynkac e xarn antarneri gotum ev chi bardzranum minchev merdzalpyan margagetinneri gotin։ Bayc ayd depqum inchov kareli e bacatrel, vor qaghaqi bnakecvac masic aveli bardzr ynkac lerneri lanjery ayzhm bolorovin antarazurk en[20]։ Mi sharq cucmunqneri hamadzayn (oronc tchshtutyan mej es vstah chem) ayn teghy, vortegh ibr te 1752 tvakanin himnadrvel e Shushi qaghaqy, minchev ayd eghel e Shosh (Shushiqend) gyughi arotateghin, uremn, na antarazurk e eghel darer sharunak: qaghaqi himnadrumic araj evs[21]։ Bayc inchu Shushu bardzrutyan vra ayzhm chkan ev darer araj chn eghel antarner, minchder Shushu dimac ynkac lerneri lanjerin (Qarin tak gyughic ver) antarner kan: nuynisk aveli bardzr ynkac lerneri lanjerin։ Ardyoq da lerneri tarber teghadrman hetevanq che։ Kam guce da bacatrvum e Shushu platoyi erkrabanakan kazmvacqov, ayn hangamanqov, vor na kraqari sherteric e, voronq mec xorutyamb ners en ccum hoghi verin sherteri makeresayin jrery, jrazurk anum ayd shertery ev nranc anpetq dardznum antarneri atchman hamar, isk xoti cackuyty ayntegh arka e։ Guce aystegh careri atchin xangarum en chaphazanc annshan busahoghi sherty ev nra tak gtnvogh zhayrot bnahoghy։ Kam guce Shushu saraharti lanjerin minchev berdi himnadrumy (kam nranic heto), aynuamenayniv, antarner en eghel, isk heto ktrtel[22]։ Ayd karogh er linel nuynisk qaghaqi himnadrumic araj, xashnaracneri dzerqov։ Mer aystegh arajadrac harcery pahanjum en qnnel ev parzabanel, vory kareli e anel manrakrkit hetazotutyan mijocov, masnavorapes Shushu platoyi antarazurk lanjerin hoghayin cackuyti manramasn hetazotutyan mijocov։ Gorcin kogni naev erkrabanakan, hoghayin ev busakan analizy Klor tmbi shrjanum («Pyulur tumb»), qaghaqic verev gtnvogh ughekali mot, depi Boxi aghbyur tanogh tchanaparhin, naev qaghaqic cacr gtnvogh zhayreri vra, voronq nuynpes antarazurk en (Shushuc cac ijnogh xtchughu zigzagneri vra) ։ Glux II — Shushin ancyalum, himnadrman taretivy, zargacman ev ankman patmakan phulery Shushin hin qaghaq che։ Hamadzayn adrbejanakan aghbyurneri[23], na himnadrvel e XVIII dari keserin Phanah֊xani koghmic vorpes berdaqaghaq Shushu bardzravandaki vra։ Shushu bardzravandaky anmatcheli dirq uner, vory harevan haykakan Shoshu (Shushiqend) gyughi varelateghn ev arotavayrern er nerkayacnum։ Varandayi hay Meliq Shahnazary nvirel er ayn ir dashnakic Phanah Ali֊xanin: ayntegh berd himnelu hamar։ Nor karucac berdaqaghaqy kochvum er skzbum Phanahabad, isk heto veranvanvec Shushi, kam aveli tchisht: teghakan zhoghovrdakan lezvov «Shoshva ghala» ։ Shushu berdaqaghaqi himnadrman ev bnakecman tchshgrit taretvi masin mer patmutyan mej skzbum phoqr taradzaynutyun kar, bayc yndhanrapes Shushu himnadrumy hamarum ein XVIII dari hisunakan tvakannery[24]։ Derevs Leon Gharabaghi hayoc temakan dproci 75֊amyakin nvirvac ir ashxatutyan mej grum e․ «Anhavanakan e, vor qaghaqy Shushi anuny: «Shoshva֊ghala» stacel e Shushu hayabnak phoqr gyughi anunic, ayl, yndhakaraky, havanakanoren gyughy berdic stacac piti lini ir anuny, isk berdy, havanakanoren, goyutyun e unecel hin zhamanaknerum» [25]։ K․ A․ Ezovi hratarakac phastatghteri zhoghovacuum, vor qaghvac en artaqin gorceri ministrutyan Moskvayi, Peterburgi ev mi sharq ayl arxivneric, gtnvum e mi phastatught (kazmac 1725 t․ dektemberi 17֊in, № 281), vortegh xosvum e ayn masin, vor qyoxva Chelebin naxord tarin ugharkvac e eghel handznelu rusac karavarutyan patasxany hay meliqnerin ev yuzbashinnerin։ Chelebin haghordum e, vor katarel e ayd handznararutyuny, handipelov Avan yuzbashu het Shosh gyughi mot, vory «shrjapatvac e qare lernerov» [26]։ Ir mi ayl ashxatuyan mej Leon noric pndum e ir: 1914 t․ Gharabaghi temakan dproci patmutyan mej asacnery․ «Anhavanakan e tvum, — asum e na, vor (Shushi) berdi teghn amayi ev anbnak er minchev Phanah xani erevan galy։ Inchpes gitenq, ays koghmerum er gtnvum hayoc Phoqr Sghnaxy ev hay zinvorutyunn, anshusht, cher karogh anushadir toghnel ayd amur bardzrutyunnery» [27]։ Henvelov Ezovic mer berac phastatghteri vra, Leon avelacnum e․ «Ays cucumy kaskac chi toghnum, vor Shushin Avan yuzbashu zhamanak gtnvum er ayn zhayrapat bardzrutyan vra, vor heto dardzav «Shoshva ghala», hetevabar ayzhmyan Shushu gyughn ir anuny berdic e stacel, qan te anun e tvel nran» ։ Leoyic heto ayd harcin e andradarnum akademikos Ashot Hovhannisyany, vory mi sharq nor phastatghteri himan vra hastatum e, vor Shushin anshusht goyutyun e unecel Phanah֊xanic araj։ 1959 tvakanin luys tesac ir erkhatoranoc ashxatutyan mej A․ Hovhannisyany grum e hetevyaly[28]․ «Hin mi zhamanakagir haghordum e, te Avan yuzbashin ekav «Shoshva qarn mtav sahb xurush ilav RTchKZ t․ (1717 t․)» ։ Xosqn ayn masin e, vor ayd tarum, amranalov Shoshva ghalayum, vor skzbnapes «Qari glux» er kochvum, Avan yuzbashin karogh er Shirvanic Gharabagh ancac linel ayd tvakanic aveli araj» [29]։ Aysteghic hetevum e, vor Shushin («Qari gluxy») vorpes bnakavayr goyutyun uni 1717 tvakanic, ete voch aveli araj։ Avan yuzbashin amracnum e ayd bnakavayry: hardzakumneric pashtpanvelu hamar։ Ev hiravi, 1726 tvakanin, «Qari glxi» (hetagayi Shushu) vra hardzakum en gorcum tatchiknery ev, nerxuzhelov ayd berdy, durs en qshum aynteghic Avan yuzbashu jokatnery, isk Avan yuzbashin qashvum e ir eghbor: Tarxan yuzbashu sghnaxy։ Ayspisov, A․ Hovhannisyani vkayakochac phastatghtery hastatum en Leoyi ayn entadrutyuny, vor Shushin vorpes bnakavayr u berd cher karogh goyutyun chunenal minchev Phanah֊xani ayd qaghaqum hastatvely, ayl eghel e Phanah֊xani handes galuc arnvazn mi qani tasnyak tari araj։ Anhavanakan chi lini entadrel, vor Shushin goyutyun e unecel nuynisk 1717 tvakanic aveli araj։ Xist ushagrav e naev mi cucum, vor kapvac e Shushu himnadrman zhamanaky voroshelu harci het։ «Adrbejani tchartarapetakan hushardzanner» [30] grqi erkrord hatorum, vor kazmvac e hatuk arshavaxmbi nyuteri himan vra, tchartarapetner Alizadei ev Sargsyani zekucman mej ka mi ej, vortegh asvac e, vor Shushin pashtpanogh parispneric ners, «qaghaqi harav arevelyan masum, gtnvum en erku karucvacq voronq irenc planov vorosh nmanutyun unen․ da Ibrahim xani amrocn e ev nra aghjka: Kara Boyuq xanumi amrocy։ Ibrahim xani amrocy chors koghmic phakvac e berdi paterov u ashtaraknerov։ Boyuq xanumi amroci paterum eghel en hraknatner։ Glxavor mutqi miacman kamari vra trvac e amroci karucman tvakany: hijrii 1121 t․, aysinqn: mer tvakanutyan 1709—1710 tt․» ։ «Kara Boyuq xanumi ev Ibrahim xani amrocnery karucvac en eghel qaghaqi berdic araj» ։ Te inchpes karogh e ayd patahel, shat tarorinak e u mez anhaskanali։ Che vor Shushi berdi himnadiry hamarvogh Gharabaghi Phanah֊xany mtel e Shushi arajin angam XVIII dari 50֊akan tvakannerin, isk Ibrahim xany nra vordin e, vori xanutyuny sksvel e miayn 1759 t․ ev sharunakvel minchev 1806 tvakany։ Ibrahim Xalil xani ev nra dustr Kara Boyuq xanumi amrocneri himnadrmany veraberogh tarorinak tvakanutyan ardzanagrutyan masin grvac e naev «Adrbejan (patmakan ev tesarzhan vayrer)» grquykum, vortegh nuynpes asvac e, vor Ibrahim Xalil xani ev nra dustr Kara Boyuq xanumi amrocnery «karucvac en XVIII dari skzbnerin, aysinqn 1709/10 tvakanin», inchpes erevum e mutqi miacman kamari vra mnacac ardzanagrutyunic[31]։ Nuyn bany krknvum e naev Sovetakan mec hanragitarani erkrord hratarakutyan 48֊rd hatorum (1957 t․), vortegh grvac e, vor Shushi qaghaqi haravarevelyan masum gtnvum en erku vorosh chaphov irar nmanvogh amrocner, voronq karucvac en XVIII dari skzbnerin[32]։ Mer berac vkayutyunneric erku verjinnery, yst erevuytin, bxum en arajin vkayutyunic («Adrbejani tchartarapetakan hushardzannery» grqic), hetevapes kariq ka stugel Shushu haravarevelyan masum gtnvogh erku amrocneri karucmany verabervogh ardzanagrutyan taretivy, ete miayn na pahpanvel e։ Shushin Gharabaghi xanutyan kentron dardznely, inchpes ev Shushum xanakan amrocner karucely chein karogh XVIII dari 50֊akan tvakanneric araj katarvac linel, qani vor da hakasum e patmakan bazmativ aghbyurneri tvyalnerin, sakayn Shushu ancyali patmutyuny lusabanelu derevs shat xndirner kan, voroncov petq e zbaghven mer patmabannery։ Mi ban parz e, vor Shushin goyutyun e unecel Phanah֊xanic araj: skzbum vorpes gyughakan bnakavayr, isk Avan yuzbashu zhamanak vorpes berd kam berdaqaghaq։ Ir goyutyan ays arajin shrjanum na eghel e hamest bnakavayr ev unecel e annshan qanakutyamb bnakchutyun[33], unecel e ir zinvorutyuny։ Havanakan e, vor ayd zhamanak Shushu bnakichnery zbaghvel en naev erkragorcutyamb ev xashnaracutyamb։ Shushu berdy Phanah֊xani dzerqn ancneluc heto (XVIII dari hisunakan tvakanneric) sksvum e nra patmakan zargacman erkrord shrjany։ Parispnerov ev burgerov amracvac Phanah֊xani nor amrocy aragoren bnakecvum e Shahbulaghic ev ayl xanakan naxkin berderic Shushi teghaphoxvac rayatnerov ev bekeri, zinvorakanneri, carayoghneri, meliqneri, tanutereri yntaniqnerov։ Shushin miangamic darnum e Gharabaghi xaneri: Phanah֊xani (minchev 1758—59 tvakany), Ibrahim xani (minchev 1806 t․) ev Mehti֊Kuli xani (minchev 1823 t․) atoranist qaghaqy։ Shushin zarganum e naev vorpes Gharabaghi varchakan, arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan kentron։ XVIII d․ erkrord kesin yndlaynvum e Gharabaghi xanutyuny, atchum nra hzorutyuny ev veracvum mijnadaryan feodalakan mi miavori։ Ayd sharunakvum e minchev 1806t․ (aysinqn minchev Ibrahim xani spanvely, voric heto phastoren hastatvum e rusakan tirapetutyuny) [34]։ Shushu patmutyan erkrord shrjanum dandaghoren zarganum ein tnaynagorcutyuny, arhestnery, arevtury, teev Gharabaghi xanutyan glxavor hogsery paterazmakan gorcoghutyunnern ein, xanutyan amrapndumy։ 1806 tvakanic heto Shushin mtnum e ir zargacman errord shrjani mej, erb Gharabaghum ev Arevelyan Andrkovkasum hastatvum e rusakan ishxanutyuny ev shutov xaghagh zargacman kyanq e steghcvum Andrkovkasum։ Qaghaqum zargacum en stanum arevtrakan haraberutyunnery: te erkri nersum ev te otar petutyunneri het, zarganum en arhestnery, tnaynagorcakan artadrutyuny։ Dran npastum e Shushi qaghaqi haghordakcutyan ughineri ev kentronneri nkatmamb harmar teghadrutyuny, qaghaqn astitchanabar zgali arevtrakan haraberutyunner e sksum andrkovkasyan, rusakan ev artasahmanyan shukaneri het։ Shushin vorpes qaghaq astitchanabar barephoxvum e, taracvum ev atchum, gravelov bavakanin patkareli dirq Andrkovkasi ayl qaghaqneri sharqum։ Ays shrjanum Shushin himnakanum voch te berd e kam xanutyan nstoc, nra himnakan funkcian voch te paterazmner mgheln e, teev paterazmakan gorcoghutyunner derevs teghi en unenum, ayl Shushin arevtrakan ev arhestneri kentron e, layn kaperov kapvac e ayl qaghaqneri het, na derevs chi avartel ir mijnadary, bayc tntesakan zargacman layn ughi e durs ekel։ Zgali chapheri e hasel ev nra bnakchutyan qanaky, phoxvel e azgayin kazmy, avelacel e qaghaqi bnakchutyan mej hayeri tokosy, teev der gerakshrum en mahmedakannery։ XIX dari erkrord kesy nerkayacnum e Shushi qaghaqi zargacman chorrord shrjany, vory naxaxorhrdayin Shushu tntesakan ev kulturakan atchi bardzraguyn astitchann e, erb qaghaqi bnakchutyan qanaky hasnum e ir bardzraketin։ Qaghaqi tntesutyuny nuynpes xist atchum e, bayc ayd atchy artahaytvum e himnakanum arevtri ev tnaynagorcutyan, bayc voch ardyunaberakan artadrutyan mej։ Andrkovkasum sksum en zarganal urish hzor tntesakan, masnavor ardyunaberakan kentronner, inchpes orinak, Baqun (manavand 70֊akan tvakanneric), Tiflisy ev urishnery, vorov Shushi qaghaqi tesakarar kshiry Andrkovkasi qaghaqneri mej sksum e ynknel։ Miazhamanak sksum en nshmarvel ayl arevtrakan ughiner, nor haghordakcutyan mijocner, voronq Shushuc heru en mghum naxkin bernashrjanarutyuny te depi heravor ev te depi motavor kentronnery։ XX dari arajin erku tasnamyaknerin Shushi qaghaqy, zgali chaphov korcnelov ir tesakarar kshiry Andrkovkasum ev Gharabaghum, hasnum e liakatar ankman։ 1905—1906 tvakannerin hay֊adrbejanakan azgamijyan yndharumnerin u 1918—1920 tvakanneri aryunot depqery hascnum en Shushi qaghaqi haykakan masi liakatar avermany, Shushin datarkvum, qayqayvum ev antchanacheli e darnum։ Shushu hasarakakan kyanqy ev tntesakan zargacumy Shushu bnakchutyan harcy ev nra zargacman dinamikan yst patmakan etapneri qnneluc heto ancnenq ayn xndrin, te inchpisi qaghaqakan ev tntesakan zargacman shrjanner e unecel Shushi qaghaqn ir cagman skzbic minchev mer orery, pahpanelov qaghaqi patmutyan nuyn zhamanakagrutyuny, vor menq nshel enq naxord ejerum։ a) Shushin minchev Gharabaghi xanutyan kentron darnaly Shushin minchev Gharabaghi adrbejanakan xanutyan kentron darnaly goyutyun e unecel, linelov aveli shut vorpes berd, ayd menq kaskacic durs enq hamarum, vorovhetev ayd bnakavayri goyutyan masin unenq mi sharq patmakan vkayutyunner, voronc masin arden xosel enq naxord gluxnerum։ Shushin ancyalum havanakanoren Gharabaghi phoqr berderic mekn e eghel, minchev nra: Phanah֊xani xanutyan kentron dardznely։ Petq e entadrel, vor na unecel e zinvorakan kazmakerputyun, aynteghi bnakchutyuny, anshusht, xaghagh tarinerin unecel e ir tntesakan zbaghmunqnery, voronq amenayn havanakanutyamb aveli mot petq e linein gyughaciakan zbaghmunqnerin։ b) Qaghaqi hasarakakan ev tntesakan kyanqy Gharabaghi xanutyan qaghaqakan kentron darnaluc heto XVIII dari hisnakan tvakannerin Shushin darnum e uzhegh berdaqaghaq, shrjapatvac amur parispnerov u burgerov ev patrastvum e henc arajin hark eghac depqum dem arnel Gharabaghi nor himnadrvac, aveli tchisht ir varchakan kentrony Bayatic, apa Shahbulaghic Shushi phoxadrac xanutyan bazmativ tshnaminerin։ Pashtpanutyan hamar harmar ev anarik bnakan dirq unenalov, amrutyunnerov u parispnerov shrjapatvac qaghaqy darnum e Gharabaghi xanutyan varchakan kentrony, vory hamar payqar e mghum ir taracqn yndlaynelu ev hzorutyuny amrapndelu hamar։ Qaghaqnern ayn zhamanak tipik mijnadaryan qaghaq֊amrocner ein, voronq carayum ein pashtpanutyany, isk hajoghutyan depqum: himq darnum hardzakoghakan gorcoghutyunner skselu hamar։ Usti bnakan e, vor ayn zhamanak kam nranic araj cagac hamarya bolor qaghaqnery berdaqaghaqner ein, amboghjapes shrjapatvac parispnerov, xandaknerov ev pashtpanoghakan ayl karuycnerov kam unein irenc mijnaberdy qaghaqi nersum։ Aydpisi qaghaqner ein Nuxin, Shamaxin, Baqun, Gandzaky, Erevany, Gyumrin (Aleqsandrapoly), Tiflisy, Gorin, Axalcxan, Qutayisy ev shat urishner։ Shushin bazmativ ayl berdaqaghaqneri mej aveli ush e skizb arel, bayc shnorhiv ir bnakan amrutyan u Gharabaghi xaneri arajin paterazmakan hajoghutyunneri, xist bardzranum e harevan xanutyunneri mej ev arajnakarg dirq gravum nranc hamematutyamb։ Shushin vorpes berdaqaghaq arandznapes mec carayutyun e matucel Gharabaghi arajin xanerin: Phanah֊xanin, Ibrahim Xalil xanin, Xamsayi: Lernayin Gharabaghi hay meliqneri dem mghvac payqarum։ Berdaqaghaq Shushin petq e unenar mijnadaryan qaghaqi ev ayl tipik hatakagcer։ Xaneri tirapetutyan zhamanak Shushin aveli shut piti nmanver gyughi, vorn uner vorosh taracutyamb canqser, ayginer ev arotavayrer։ Tchisht e, aydpisi gyughatntesakan hoghahandaknery Shushi qaghaqum chein karogh mec taracutyun gravel, vorovhetev qaghaqi taracqy, vory teghadrvac er covi makerevuytic 1300—1500 bardzrutyan vra ev xist sahmanaphak taracutyun er gravum lernayin platoyi gagatin, gyughatntesakan npataknerov ogtagorcelu hamar shat qich harmarutyunner uner, aynuamenayniv: ayn zhamanak, berdaqaghaqi goyutyan arajin shrjanum, erb nra mshtakan bnakchutyuny der sahmanaphak er ev azat u chbnakecvac taracutyunnery hamematabar shat, qaghaqi bnakchutyan mi masi gyughatntesutyamb zbaghvely kaskacic durs petq e hamarenq, bayc, antarakuys sahmanaphak chapherov։ Sakayn Shushu bnakchutyan himnakan zbaghmunqy arhestn er, isk hetagayum naev arevtury։ Nax ev araj, Shushin vorpes berdaqaghaq pahanjum er mec qanakutyamb karucogh banvorakan uzher: qartashner, vormnadirner, ataghdzagorcner ev ayl arhestavorner, voronq ashxatum ein berdi shrjapaty, burgery, palatnery, bnakeli tnery, baghniqnery, ekeghecinery, mechidnery ev ayl shenqer karucelu hamar։ Mirza Jamal Jivanshiry ir «Gharabaghi patmutyun» grqi verjum hatuk gluxneri mej, vor kochvum en «Hangucyal Phanah֊xani ev Ibrahim xani karucac hushardzanneri ev shenqeri masin», tvum e ayn hushardzannery, voronq karucvel en ayd xaneri zhamanak[35], ynd vorum na Phanah֊xanin veragrum e «Bayat amroci karucumy ir shukayov, parispnerov ev shenqerov, vor shinvac e trcac aghyusic ev Shahbulagh amroci karucumy aghbyuri mot shinvac mechidov, baghniqov, qaghaqi shenqerov ev shukayov, voronq shinvac en qarov u krov» ։ Mirza Jamal Jivanshiry very nshac grqum haghordum e, vor Phanah֊xany karucel e naev «naxkin Shushu berdi patery ev ayn shenqery, vor ayzhm ogtagorcvum e vorpes hacahatikneri pahest», «zorqeri hamar», isk «Ibrahim xany 1182 musulmanakan tvakanin (mer tvarkutyan 1768—69 tt․) karucel e Shushu mechidy, ev erb verjins hnacel e, Ibrahim xani dustr Gyovar xanumy ayn verakangnel e, ev arajvanic aveli geghecik e dardzel» ։ Aynuhetev Mirza Jamaly haghordum e, vor Ibrahim xany karucel e Shushi berdaqaghaqi patery (1783—1784 tt․), isk Shushi qaghaqic durs el mi sharq parispner (Askeranum, xani ghashum: Xanabadum, Aghdamum, Xazna kochvac vayrum ev ayln) ։ Baci Mirza֊Jamal Jivanshiri vkayutyunic, menq ayzhm el Shushum gtnum enq ayd berdaqaghaqi kisavervac phlatakneri mnacordnery, voronq mi zhamanak shrjapatum ein qaghaqy, naev Shushin pashtpanogh burgern u darbasnery։ Qaghaqi shrjapati parispneri bardzrutyuny hasnum er 6—8 metri։ Pahpanvel en naev Ibrahim xani ev nra dustr Kara Boyuq xanumi amrocneri mnacordnery, naev mi sharq ayl hushardzanner, voronq veraberum en Gharabaghi arajin xaneri zhamanaknerin։ Kang charnelov XVIII dari erkrord kesum Shushi qaghaqi karucoghakan arvesti gnahatutyan xndri vra, ancnenq mer anmijakan harcin: bnakchutyan profesional kazmin ev zbaghmunqin։ Chunenalov anmijakan stuyg tvyalner Shushu bnakchutyan profesional kazmi qanaki masin Gharabaghi xanutyan orerin, menq, aynuamenayniv, mi qani hanracanot phasteri himan vra karogh enq ezrakacnel, vor qaghaqi bnakchutyuny petq e kazmvac liner hetevyal himnakan xmberic․ 1․ Arajin xmbi mej mtnum en xann u nra merdzavornery, xanakan varchutyan carayoghnery, zinvorakannery, bekern u aghalarnery, noqyarnery ev ayln։ Ays xumby cher karogh kazmel Shushi qaghaqi mshtakan bnakchutyan zgali masy, teev erbemn na karogh er atchel zgali qanakutyamb (paterazmakan gorcoghutyunneri, arshavanqneri orerin ev alyn) ։ 2․ Pashtamunqi spasavornery (mahmedakan, qristonya) kazmum ein anashxat bnakchutyan erkrord xumby, vor nuynpes inqnystinqyan bazmamard linel chein karogh։ 3․ Gharabaghi xanutyan zhamanakashrjanum Shushu bnakchutyan mec masy kazmum ein arhestavornery, voronc vra canranum ein himnakan ashxatanqnery։ Nranq petq e karucein berdi parispnern u burgery, palatnern u sovorakan shenqery, te tirogh dasakargi ev artonyalneri ev te hasarak zinvorakanneri u berdum bnakvoghneri hamar, nranq petq e tchanaparhner shinein zorqi phoxadrutyan hamar, petq e zenq matakararein, carayein gyughakan bnakchutyan kariqnerin։ Nor qaghaq karucely, nra hamar noranor kaper hastately, xanutyan motavor u heravor shrjanneri het Gharabaghi xanutyan nor kentroni araj dnum ein noranor xndirner։ Ays bolory petq e katarver arhestavorneri dzerqerov։ Qaghaqum bnakutyun hastatac arhestavorutyuny Shushum gtav ashxatanqi mec pahanj ev anhrazhesht shinanyuter: berdery karucelu, parispnerov shrjapatelu ev hoyakap pater bardzracnelu, shnorhiv ayn kraqari, voric kazmvac er Shushu saraharty, vory himq er carayum kir stanalu hamar, isk anhrazhesht phaytanyutery kareli er stanal shrjaka antarneric։ Shushu himnadrman skzbnakan shrjanum bnakchutyan arhestavorakan massan glxavorapes petq e zbaghvac liner karucoghakan ashxatanqnerov, aysinqn petq e kazmvac liner qartashneric, vormnadirneric, ataghdzagorcneric, phakanagorcneric, darbinneric ev ayln, isk zhamanaki yntacqum, erb avelanum er qaghaqi bnakchutyuny ev bazmanum nra pahanjnery, arhestnery petq e bazmazan darnayin ev arajnayin noranor masnagitacumner, orinak, kashegorcner, glxarkagorcner, derdzakner, pghndzagorcner, klayekchiner, tambagorcner, voskerichner ev ayln։ Patkeracnel te inchpisi arhestnerov e zbaghvel Shushu bnakchutyuny ayd zhamanakashrjanum, mez ozhandakum e XIX dari hisnakan tvakanneri mer dzerqi tak gtnvogh arhestavorneri profesional kazmi cucaky ev arhestnerov zbaghvoghneri qanaky։ Cucaki mej dzhvar e matnanshel mi arhest, vory goyutyun chunenar XVIII dari erkrord kesum[36]։ Sakayn drancic baci, anshusht, menq ughghaki tvyalner unenq, vor veraberum en XVIII dari erkrord kesin ev vkayum en Shushu arhestavorneri kazmi masin։ Raffu «Xamsayi meliqutyunnery» [37] ashxatutyan mej menq handipum enq mi patmutyun: voskerich Melqumi masin, vory araspelakan payqar e mghum Gharabaghi xaneri tirapetutyan dem ev vori masin asvac e, vor na shusheci er (ej 252) ։ Mez hamar ayd phasty nshanakalic e ayn tesaketic, vor Ibrahim xani zhamanak Shushum eghel en voskerichner։ Gharabaghi xanery dramahatman iravunq unein ev irenq hatum ein arcate ev pghndze dramner (oske dramneri hatman iravunqy verapahvum er miayn shahin) [38]։ Te inchpisi nerqin kazmakerputyun e unecel Shushu arhestavorutyuny Gharabaghi xaneri tirapetutyan zhamanak, dzhvar e hastat asel, bayc petq e entadrel, vor arhestavorneri ayn hamqarakan kazmakerputyuny, vor eghel e Shushum carakan karavarutyan zhamanak, motavorapes nuyn patkern e unecel, inch vor eghel e Gharabaghi xanutyan orerin։ Inchpes parz erevum e haykakan aghbyurneric, voronq haghordum en Shushum bnakutyun hastatac hayeri kazmi ev zbaghmunqneri masin, dranq glxavorapes arhestnerov ev vatcharakanutyamb zbaghvoghner ein, ghazanchiner, aysinqn katsaner patrastogh pghntchagorcner, vor ekel ein Shahkert gyughic ev, inchpes Leon e asum, «nshanavor ein irenc yndunakutyunnerov» [39], kayin aguliseciner, aysinqn Agulisic gaghtacner, ayn vayric, vory «Hin Jughayic (Julfayic) heto amenaxoshor arevtrakan hamaynqn e nerkayacnum» [40] ev meghreciner, voronq nuynpes haytni ein irenc arhestnerov ev vatcharakanutyamb Ev aha teghaphoxvac hayery zbaghvum ein arhestnerov ev arevtrov, ev teev arevtury Shushu Gharabaghi xanutyan orerin cher karogh hasnel mec chapheri, bayc ev aynpes na sksum e astitchanabar cavalvel, isk rusakan tirapetutyan zhamanak na aynpisi chapheri e hasnum, vor apahovum e arevtrakanneri gerakshrutyuny mnacac hasarakakan xaveri nkatmamb, ev Shushin ardaraci kerpov stanum e arevtrakan kentroni hrchak[41]։ Ayn, vor menq asacinq Gharabaghi xanutyan zhamanak Shushum hastatvac arajin hay bnakchutyan masin, nuyny masamb ardaraci e naev Shushu mahmedakan bnakchutyan nkatmamb։ Anshusht, arhestnern u arevtury XVIII dar erkrord kesin petq e sksein zarganal naev qaghaqi mahmedakan bnakchutyan mej, teev XVIII dari verjerin nranq mahmedakanneri mot chein hasel aynpisi chapheri, inchpes hayeri։ Ayspes te aynpes Shushin xanutyan tirapetutyan shrjanum nerkayacnum er tipik mijnadaryan qaghaq, vortegh bnakchutyuny bazhanvum er hamapatasxan daseri, vortegh ishxogh er xaneri, bekeri, aghalarneri tirapetogh dasy, aynuhetev hetevum er hogevorakanneri dasy ev verjapes arhestavorneri ev vatcharakanneri ayspes kochvac errord dasy, vory astitchanabar kazmakerpvum er ev zoreghanum[42]։ XIX dari yntacqum, arden rusakan tirapetutyan nerqo, arandznapes uzheghanum ein arevtrakannery, voronq irenc dzerqn en havaqum gerishxanutyan sandzy, vorqan da hnaravor er carakan inqnakalutyan paymannerum։ Ayspisov, XIX dari skzbum Shushin irenic nerkayacnum er mijnadaryan qaghaqi yurahatuk arevelyan arandznatesaky, vortegh pahpanvum ein hin daseri iravunqnern u artonutyunnery, bayc miazhamanak cnvum ev uzheghanum ein nor hasarakakan xaver, isk qaghaqn astitchanabar darnum er arhesti ev arevtri kentron, vory sksum er karevor der xaghal nuynisk Gharabaghi xanutyan sahmanneric durs։ g) Hasarakakan kyanqy ev tntesutyuny XIX dari arajin kesum Erb XIX dari skzbum Arevelyan Andrkovkasy ev dra het naev Shushi qaghaqy, ancan rusakan karavarutyan kazmi mej, ayd hangamanqy nshanakalic eghav ayn tesaketic, vor Andrkovkasum shutov dadarecin anverj paterazmakan gorcoghutyunnery։ Rusakan hzor ishxanutyan nerqo Gharabaghum evs hastatvec xaghagh kyanq, vory barenpast er erkri tntesakan zargacman hamar[43]։ Shushum rusakan gerishxanutyan hastatumic heto (1805 t․) miayn mi qani tari er ancel, ev menq tesnum einq, vor arevtrakan kapitaly Shushum aynpisi xoshor uzh er nerkayacnum, vor hay hasarakakan gorcich ev patmagir Mesrovb Taghidyany nra masin hiacmunqov e xosum։ Taghidyany, 1821 tvakanin Ephrem katoghikosi het gtnvelov Shushi qaghaqum, patmum e, vor Shushum ayn zhamanak bnakvum ein erku vatcharashah tner, voronq xoshor kapitalneri ter ein ev ahagin gorcarqner ein katarum։ Ayd arevtrakan tneric meky Haxumyanneri tunn er, vory rusakan kaysrutyan gandzaranum mot mek milion rubli phogh uner ev arevtur er anum Irani, Sibiri ev Evropayi qaghaqneri het, uner mec qanakutyamb gorcakatarner։ Erkrord vatcharashah tuny eghbayrq Zohrap ev Mesrovb Tarumyanneri tunn er, vory artonutyunner uner Kaspic covi dzknorsutyan ev navagnacutyan mej ev voch pakas arevtrakan gorcer er varum, qan Haxumyanneri tuny։ Eghbayrq Tarumyannery irenc hashvin Shushum karucel en Agulyac ekeghecin, teev irenq Ghazanchecvoc cxin ein patkanum[44]։ Tarumyani mahvanic heto nran taghum en «mec patvov, inchpes Artashes Arshakuni tagavorin», grum e Taghidyany, «hayoc katoghikosi, episkoposneri ev zhoghovrdi ahagin bazmutyan nerkayutyamb» ։ Ays ameny vkayum e, vor vatcharakan xavy arden isk 1821 tvakanin Shushum aynqan er uzheghacel, vor milionavor karoghutyunneri ter er hamarvum, vayelum mec pativ u harganq ev ir gaghapharaxosutyuny patvastum bnakchutyan vorosh xaverin։ Bnakchutyan vatcharakan xavy, gone hayeri mej, aynqan er atchel, vor nra hamar arden negh en dardzel voch miayn sephakan qaghaqi, ayl nuynisk Andrkovkasi sahmannery, ev Shushu dramaterery irenc arevtrakan gorcarqnerov arden ancel en Sibiri, Irani ev Evropayi shukanery[45]։ Shushu vatcharakanneri arevtrakan kapitaly nerdrumner e katarum noranor dzernarkutyunneri mej: dzknorsakan, navagnacutyan gorcum, ev alyn։ Hetagayum Shushu dzernerec vatcharakanutyan hamar pahanjvum en gorcuneutyan aveli layn asparezner, ev nrancic shatery irenc dzernarknery teghaphoxum en Andrkovkasi, Rusastani ev artasahmani noranor vayrer, ayd nor vayrern en teghaphoxvum ev irenq u miayn zhamanak ar zhamanak, mec masamb cerutyan hasakum, veradarnum en irenc hayreni qaghaqy «aprelu irenc verjin orery vorpes qaghaqi hayrer u ishxanner» ։ Zhamanaki yntacqum xoshor arevtrakannery irenc yntaniqnerov verjnakanapes heranum en Shushuc, bnakutyun hastatum ayd qaghaqic durs։ Nranc teghy brnum en nor ekvornery, voronq galis en gyugheric, arhestner sovorum u gorc sksum ev gnum nuyn tchanaparhov, inchpes ev arajinnery։ Shushin yurahatuk ijevan er, vortegh patrastvum ein ayn tarrery, voronq aynuhetev crvum ein Rusastani ev ayl erkrneri tarber koghmery։ «Arevtrakan dasakargy Gharabaghi azgabnakchutyany haghordakic er anum shahi ev harstanalu gaghapharin», isk arevtrakan ev ardyunaberakan kentronnery darnum ein harstanalu asparez։ «Sharzhumy tarerayin dardzav» ev «mimyanc hetevic sksecin gnal ev arhestavory, ev erkragorcy, ev mtavorakany» ։ «Vortegh ha», ayntegh ka» », ays vatcharakanakan skzbunqy amenic mec chaphov katarvec Gharabaghum» [46]։ Ays barerov e nkaragrum patmaban Leon vatcharakan dasakargi zargacman ev tarabashxman procesy ev dra het miasin Shushu bnakchutyan ayl hasarakakan xmberi nor teghasharzhery[47]։ Chcanranalov Gharabaghi hay bnakchutyan zanazan erkrnerum tarabashxman bard xndirneri vra, matnanshenq, vor aystegh miangamayn tchisht e nkatvum arevtrakan dasakargi arag zargacumy Shushu hay bnakchutyan mej ev burzhuakan gaghapharaxosutyan uzhegh azdecutyuny bnakchutyan layn xaveri vra։ XIX darum anshusht katarvum e Shushu bnakchutyan ev nra tntesutyan arag atchy։ XIX dari keserin Shushin darnum e Andrkovkasi xoshor qaghaqneric meky։ Shushi qaghaqy, vory derevs 1846 tvakanin kochvum er Kaspiakan marzi Gharabaghi gavari qaghaq («uezdniy gorod Karabaxskogo uezda Kaspiyskoy oblasti») arden 1852 tvakanin Kovkasi oracuycum[48] kochvum er Shamaxi nahangi gavarakan qaghaq։ Ir bnakchutyan qanakov Shushin 1852 tvakanin Andrkovkasi qaghaqneri sharqum 4֊rd teghn er gravum, zijelov miayn Tiflisin, Shamaxun ev Nuxun։ Shushin uner 12774 bnakich, voroncic 6356 hogin tghamard ein, isk 6418 hogin kanayq։ Qaghaqum kayin 1846 qarashen tner, 576 xanut, 11 salughinerov irar het kapvac phoghocner, 6 hraparak, 4 qare ev 2 phayte kamurjner։ Bnakichnern irenc kazmov nerkayacnum ein:
Ayspisov, Shushu bnakchutyan himnakan zangvacy patkanum er gyughaciakan dasin, bayc aystegh xosqy cagman masin e։ Kontorovichy Shushu masin grac hodvacum ughghaki nshum e, vor «Shushu bnakichnery, hnaravorutyun chunenalov zbaghvelu voch var u canqov ev voch el aygegorcutyamb, bacarapes nvirvac en arhestnerin u arevtrin» (ej 434) ։ Arhestneri taracumy Shushum 1852 tvakanin hetevyal patkern er nerkayacnum:
Arhestneri ev arhestavorneri amphophagric parz erevum e, vor arhestnery Shushi qaghaqum 1852 tvakanin shat karevor tegh ein gravum, isk arhestavorneri qanaky hasnum er 481 hogu։ Aha, aysteghic e parzvum mijnadaryan Shushi qaghaqi tipy։ Shushum laynoren zargacac ein arhestnery, minchder qaghaqy zurk er xoshor ardyunaberakan artadrutyunic։ «Shushin chi karogh parcenal ir fabrikanerov։ Shushu fabrikanery tarekan artadrum en hazar hatic aveli metaqsi ev kisametaqsi ktorner, voronq kochvum en «darayi» ev «kasabi» ev vatcharvum en teghum» ։ «Shushum ka 4 hat kashvegorcakan, dabaghxana, 2 aghyusi gorcaran, 3 hat hat nerkaranner, fabrikaneri ev gorcaranneri hamar nyuter dzerq en berum gavarum, isk artadranqy vatcharum teghakan bnakichnerin» [50]։ Minchder ardyunaberakan artadranqy Shushum annshan chapher e unecel։ Bnorosh e, vor Gharabaghi nersum haghordakcutyan ughineri tuyl zargacman pattcharov arevturn yntanum e artaqin arevtri ughinerov։ «Tavrizic Shushi en nermucvum bambakamanvacqayin hyusvacqner, metaqsi ktoreghen, mahud, tavshya shaler, dipak, (parcha) Baghdadic ev Buxarayic smushkaner (noracin garan morti), cxaxot ev ayln։ Nizhni Novgorodic nermucum en mahudner, bambake ev metaqse ktoreghen, phoqr qanakutyamb tchenapake ev apake amaneghen, erkat, erkate ev pghndze shinvacqner, skyuri morteghen, steorini momer, tught ev ayln։ Tiflisisc nermucum en shaqar։ Iran artahanvum en hnchegh dram, Rusastan: qich qanakutymb metaqs, aghvesi ev kzaqisi morteghen։ Shushu bnakichnery, bacarutyamb arhestavorneri ev aznvakan bekeri, zbaghvum en tarber tesaki arevtrov։ «Kan harust vatcharakanner, — grum e Kontorovichy, — voronq shrjanarutyan mej unen 100—200 hazar ev aveli rubli arcate dram։ Nranq tranzitayin arevtur en varum Laypcigi, Kostandnupolsi ev Tavrizi mijev, ev shatery metaqsi arevtur en anum Moskvayi het» ։ Shushi qaghaqi bnakchutyan zbaghmunqneri ev nra tntesutyan patkery 1852 tvakanin, inchpes tesnum enq, shat caytun e stacvum։ Shushin XIX dari keserin nerckayanum e mez vorpes tipik mijnadaryan qaghaq, vortegh hin artonyal dasakargeri: xaneri, bekeri, aznvakanneri ւe hogevorakanneri koghqin layn zargacum e stacel arhestavorakan, tnaynagorcakan artadrutyuny: xoshor ardyunaberakan fabrika—gorcaranayin artadrutyan hamarya lriv bacakayutyan paymannerum, ev arevtury, vor steghcel e harust vatcharakanneri uzhegh xumb ev mec qanakutyamb manr arevtrakanner։ Xoshor arevtury stacel e artaqin arevtri bnuyt, Rusastani (Moskvayi, Nizhni Novgorodi ev ayl qaghaqneri), Andrkovkasi (Tiflisi) ev artasahmanyan shukaneri (Tavrizi, Polsi, Laypcigi) het։ Shushu vatcharakannery, voronq layn arevtur en anum artaqin shukanerum, yndhanrapes shat qich en artahanum ayn nyuteric, inch artadrum er Shushi qaghaqy kam Gharabaghy, ayl arevtri mej mijnordi der en xaghum, kutakelov aveli ev aveli mijocner, voronq shat chnchin chaphov en hatkacvum qaghaqi kam gavari artadrutyan laynacman gorcin։ 1852 t․ veraberyal tvyalnery miangamayn hastatum en M․ Taghiadyani asacnery Shushum arevtrakan kapitali zargacman masin, vor veraberum en XIX dari 20֊akan tvakannerin, teev Taghiadyany guce ev qich chaphazancnum e Shushu xoshor hay vatcharakanneri kapitali gumarnery, hashvelov ayn milionnerov։ Shushu vatcharakanneri kutakac kapitaly XIX dari 20֊akan tvakanneric minchev nuyn dari hisnakan tvakannery haziv pakasac lini ev milionneric hasac mi qani haryur hazarneri, aysinqn ayn tveri, vor berum e Kontorovichy, ayl yndhakaraky, petq e avelacac lini ev, vor glxavorn e, xoshor arevtrakanneri qanaky, anshusht, minchev XIX dari kesery petq e avelacac lini shnorhiv ayn barenpast paymanneri, vor steghcvac ein chunevor bnakchutyan shahagorcman hamar carakan inqnakalutyan lci tak։ Azgabnakchutyan arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan xaveri mej socialakan hakasutyunnery nuynpes atchel ein, minchder qaghaqi arhestavornery, inchpes ev manr vatcharakannery, aveli ev aveli qayqayvum ein, xoshor arevtrakannery gnalov aveli ein uzheghanum, irenc dzerqy havaqelov qaghaqy karavarelu sandzery ev nra kulturakan himnarknery։ D) Shushu tntesutyuny ev hasarakakan kyanqy XIX dari erkrord kesin XIX dari erkrord kesin Shushin sharunakum er mnal Andrkovkasi amenaxoshor qaghaqneric meky, 80֊akan tvakannerin ir bnakchutyamb zijelov miayn Tiflisin ev Baqvin։ Shushin nuynisk aveli bnakichner uner, qan ir nahangakan kentrony: Gandzaky (Elizavetpoly) ։ Shushu bnakchutyan zgali atchin zugaher XIX dari erkrord kesin ankaskac teghi e unenum naev nra tntesutyan atchy։ Cavalvum en shinararakan ashxatanqnery, karucvum en nor u barekecik bnakeli shenqer, atchum e qaghaqayin tntesutyuny, anc e kacvum koyughi։ Gnalov yndardzakvum en qaghaqi arevtrakan kapery։ Shushuc xtchughi e anckacvum minchev Evlax erkatughayin kayarany, haghordakcutyan nor tchanaparhnerov kapvum e Zangezuri, Naxijevani ev Ghaphani het։ Shushu vrayov qaravanayin tchanaparh e ancnum, vorov qaghaq en teghaphoxvum Naxijevani aghy ev Ghaphani pghindzy, qaghaqum steghcvum en bazmativ xanutner ev arevtrakan tner։ Inchpes erevum e Baqvi arqunakan palati gorcic, qaghaqi arevtri yndhanur stugman matyani hamadzayn (sksvac e 1877 tvakani dektemberi 3֊ic ev verjacrac 1880 t․ aprili 12֊in), Shushi arajin masum (haykakan taghamasum) ka 371 arevtrakan ev ardyunaberakan dzernarkutyun, isk erkrord masum (mahmedakan) 581 dzernarkutyun, miasin vercrac 952 arevtrakan ev ardyunaberakan dzernarkutyunner[51]։ Baci dranic, Shushi gavari Jraberd (Chelyabyurt) teghamasi hamar (chelyabyurtskiy uchastok Shushinskogo uezda) bervac en gorcatereri 28 anun֊azganuny ev nranc dzernarkutyunneri bnuyty։ Ays gorcy, inchpes ev Baqvi arqunakan palati mi ayl gorc, vor verabervum e Shushu gavarin ev sksvac e 1876 tvakani dektemberi 15֊in ev verjacvac 1877 t․ hunvari 24֊in: ughghvac Shushu gavarapeti koghmic Baqvi arqunakan palaty[52], vorosh patkeracum e talis ayn masin, te Shushi qaghaqum vorqan arevtrakan ev ardyunaberakan (aveli shut arhestavorakan) dzernarkutyunner kan, matnanshelov nranc tereri anun֊azganunnery ev dzernarkutyunneri bnuyty։ Qaghaqi dzernarkutyunneri cucaky qich te shat lriv e, inch veraberum e qaghaqic durs gtnvogh dzernarkutyunnerin, apa nranc cucaky teri e։ 1877—80 tvakannerin verabervogh cucaknerum xosvum e miayn Shushi gavari Jraberd teghamasi veraberyal, isk myus teghamasi nkatmamb vochinch chi asvum։ Hamenayn deps: mi ban parz e, vor 1880 tvakanin Shushi qaghaqum kan mot 950 arevtrakan ev ardyunaberakan dzernarkutyunner, isk 1876—77 tvakannerin: drancic mi qich aveli։ Tchisht e, ays dzernarkutyunnery arhestavorakan֊tnaynagorcakan en, isk arevtrakan dzernarkutyunneri mej shatery: manr xanutner, bayc arevtrakan dzernarkutyunneri tereri mej kayin naev xoshor manufakturistner, galanteriayi arevtrakanner, aylevs chem xosum ayn masin, vor kayin naev gorcaranaterer ev fabrikantner։ Shushin XIX darum arevtrakan bazmativ kaperov kapvac er Rusastani ev artasahmanyan shukaneri het։ Arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan dzernarkutyunneri sharqery dzgvac ein Shushu himnakan magistral gcov: Erevanyan phoghocov depi cac, sksac Verin darbasic (zoranocic) phosti motov depi Cherqizenc xanutnery, Tophxanan, Ghaphany, Ghazanchecoc ev Agulyac ekeghecinery, aynuhet depi qaghaqi mahmedakan masy: Sheytanbazary, isk ayd sharqeri arandzin tchyughery ancnum ein depi haykakan temakan dprocy, gnum cat, ancnum Shushu qaghaqayin dproci motov ev noric mtnum mahmedakan taghamasy։ Arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan 952 dzernarkutyunnery Shushi qaghaqi hamar, anshusht, mec tiv e nuynisk, ete nranc mej gerakshrum ein manr dzernarkutyunnery։ Dranq ashxatum ein voch miayn qaghaqi hamar, apranqnery ev arhestavorneri artadranqy gnum ein Lernayin ev Dashtayin Gharabaghi gyughacinery, neraryal ev Gharabaghi qochvor anasnapahnery, vorovhetev amboghj Gharabaghum chkar mi ayl qaghaq, vory aveli mec artadrutyun kam vatcharelu apranqner unenar ev karoghanar bavararel Gharabaghi bnakchutyan sparoghakan pahanjnery, qan Shushin։ Baci dranic, hashvi arnenq ev ayn hangamanqy, vor Shushu dzernarkutyunneri apranqnery vatcharvum ein naev Gharabaghi sahmanneric durs (Zangezurum, Ghaphanum ev aylur) ev nuynisk artasahmanyan shukanerum։ Gharabaghi gyugherum nuynpes bacvum ein manufaktura vatcharogh xanutner, manavand kentronakan gyugherum, vorteghov ancnum ein qochi tchanaparhnery (Aghdamum, Bardayum, Xachenum (Arajadzorum), Aghjabadium ev shat ayl keterum) ։ Ayd vatcharakan dzernarkutyunnery bacoghy kam nranc apranqner matakararoghy hatchax shusheci arevtrakanner ein։ Miazhamanak Shushin darnum e hamematabar xoshor ardyunaberakan artadrutyan, manavand metaqsagorcutyan kentron։ Tchisht e, metaqsi tel qashogh ev volorogh gorcarannery mec masamb teghavorvum ein voch te bun Shushi qaghaqum, ayl Lernayin Gharabaghi haykakan gyugherum (Xndzorestanum, Krkzhanum, Qarin tak gyughum, Dashbulaghum, Sghnaxum, Chanaxchium, Ghshlaghum ev ayl gyugherum) [53]։ Metaqsagorcakan ardyunaberakan dzernarkutyunneri terery mec masamb shusheci kapitalistnern ein (Harunovnery, Nersesovnery, Ter֊Grigoryannery, Ter֊Mkrtchyannery ev ayln), dzernarkutyunneri varchutyan kentronnery gtnvum ein Shushum։ Mez hajoghvel e dzerq berel 1915 t․ Shushu gavarum eghac metaqsi tel manogh ev tel volorogh gorcaranneri pashtonakan cucaky, vor kazmvac ev storagrvac e ayd gorcaranneri avag tesuchneri koghmic, vortegh kan manramasn teghekutyunner 22 aydpisi gorcaranneri masin, sksac 1915 tւ hunvari mekic minchev 1916t․ hunvari meky[54]։ Nranc artadranqn ugharkvum er Shushi, Moskva, Varshava, Marsel։ Mer hishatakac phastatghti tvyalnery veraberum en 1915 tvakanin Lernayin Gharabaghi metaqsamanvacqayin ev metaqsakarzhayin gorcarannerin, bayc erb i nkati enq arnum, te erb en himnvel ayd gorcarannery, parzvum e, vor nrancic motavorapes kesy himnadrvac e XIX dari 80֊akan tvakannerin, hetevapes ayd masin tvac teghekutyunnery iravunq en talis datelu, vor sxal chi lini ayd tvyalnery veragrel XIX dari verjin tarinerin, aysinqn mez hetaqrqrogh zhamanakashrjanin ev hamarel, vor metaqsi gorcarannery Lernayin Gharabaghum arden amur himqeri vra ein drvac։ Mer asacnery hastatvum en 1893 t․ «Kovkasyan oracuycum» tpagrvac lracucich tvyalneri shnorhiv ev anmijapes veraberum en bnutagrvogh zhamanakashrjanin[55]։ Aghyusak №2 teghekutyun e talis, te vorqan fabrika ev gorcaran ka Gandzakum, Nuxum, Shushum u Shushu gavarum, vorqan banvorner en ayntegh ashxatum ev inch gumari artadranq en talis։ Aghyusak №2
Iharke, shat dzhvar e erashxavorel ays tveri tchisht linely։ Sakayn aystegh hastatvum e mi ban․ Shushin XIX dari verjum heru er fabrika֊gorcaranayin kentron lineluc, phastoren na arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan artadrutyan kentron er։ Bervac phasteri himan vra dzhvar e asel, te inchpisi dzernarkutyunner en Shushu gavari 74 fabrika֊gorcarannery, bayc kaskacic durs e, vor nranc zgali qanaky metaqs manelu ev volorelu gorcaranner en։ Ayd masin vkayum e naev Nuxu gerakshrogh teghy aghyusakum dzernarkutyunneri, banvorneri qanaki ev artadranqi gumari nkatmamb։ Che vor Andrkovkasum XIX dari erkrord kesin metaqsagorcutyuny nshanavor tegh er gravum, isk Nuxin ayd zhamanak nra artadrutyan amenanshanavor kentronneric mekn er hamarvum։ Shushum nshanavor er naev gorgeri artadrutyuny։ Brokhauz ev Efroni hanragitakan bararanum Shushu masin menq kardum enq․ «Shushin Kovkasum gorgagorcutyan amenaxoshor kentronn e, vori artadrutyuny sparvum e nahangi sahmanneric durs shat heru ev hasnum e Moskva ev Peterburg։ Gorgeri artadrutyuny tnaynagorcakan e։ Gorgagorcutyamb zbaghvum en hayery ev manavand tatarnery (kanayq) ։ Kan mi qani metaqs manogh gorcaranner։ Metaqsi ev gorgeri ashxuyzh arevtur e gnum, vory hamarya bacarapes gtnvum e teghi hayeri dzerqin» [56]։ Ete Brokhauz ev Efroni hanragitakan bararani asacnery, vorosh verapahutyamb, veragrenq XIX dari verjin, menq ayn zhamanakva Shushin karogh enq hamarel Andrkovkasi xoshor arevtrakan kentronneric meky, vortegh hamematabar tuyl er zargacac fabrika֊gorcaranayin artadrutyuny։ Nuynisk gorgagorcutyuny, vorov yst Brokhauzi ev Efroni bararani, Shushin hamarvum e Andrkovkasi amenaxoshor kentrony, ev nuynpes tnaynagorcakan bnuyt e krum։ Arhasarak XIX dari verjin Shushin chi korcrel mijnadaryan qaghaqi ir bnuyty։ Bnakchutyan arhestavorakan xavery derevs sharunakum en pahpanel hamqarayin kazmakerputyan gcery։ Qaghaqic durs kazmakerpvogh hamqarakan tonern u zbosanqnery derevs sharunakvum en, goyatevum e arhestavorneri bazhanumn yst hamqarutyunneri, mnum en miskyarneri, ataghdzagorcneri, koshkakarneri ev ayl hamaqarutyunnery։ Hamqarutyan nersum mnum en varpetnery, entavarpetnery ev ashakertnery, bayc ays hin kazmakerputyuny astitchanabar gnum e depi ankum, ev zargacogh kapitalizmy qaghaqi «hayrer» e dardzrel arevtrakannerin, voronq gerakshrutyun en stacel qaghaqayin varchutyan mej։ Arden kapitalistakan mrcutyuny hndzum e tulazor arhestavornerin ev manr xanutpannerin ev uzheghacnum e xoshor arevtrakanneri zorutyuny։ Xoshor arevtrakanneri hamar qani gnum aynqan aveli negh en tvum harazat qaghaqi shrjanaknery, ev nranq sharunakum en gorcadrel irenc unakutyunnery ev mijocnery nor aveli xoshor dzernarkutyunneri mej։ XIX dari verjy Shushi qaghaqi bnakchutyan ev nra tntesutyan amenamec atchi zhamanakn e, bayc ev miazhamanak darnum e nra ankman shrjani skizby։ Qaghaqi bnakchutyan qanaky XIX dari verjic hamarya bolorovin dadarum e atchel։ Chunenalov tntesakan naxadryalner, qaghaqy chi darnum ardyunaberakan knetron։ Arevtrakan zargacman ughinery qaghaqi hamar neghanum en, arevtrakan kaperi nor ughiner en haytnvum, voronq Shushin tequm en ir kentronakan dirqeric, isk vra hasnogh azgamijyan yndharumnery aragacnum en qaghaqi ankumy, hascnelov nran annshan qaghaqi kacutyun։ E) Shushu tntesakan kyanqy ev hasarakakan vitchaky XX dari arajin erku tasnamyakum XX dari arajin tasnamyaknery Shushi qaghaqi tntesutyan astitchanakan ankman patker en nerkayacnum։ Ete ayd tarinery Andrkovkasi qaghaqneri, manavand Baqvi ev Tiflisi arag atchman tariner en, apa Shushin, yndhakaraky astitchanabar korcnum e ir bnakchutyuny ev Andrkovkasi mi sharq phoqr qaghaqnery: Erevany, Qutayisy, Batumy ev ayl qaghaqner irenc bnakchutyamb Shushuc araj en ancnum։ Hay֊adrbejanakan aryunot yndharumnery 1905 ev 1906 tvakannerin, isk aveli ush 1914 tvakanin sksac arajin hamashxarhayin paterazmy, aynuhetev qaghaqaciakan paterazmy, musavatakanneri provokacion qaghaqakanutyuny, tatchikneri ev imperialistakan petutyunneri intervencian Gharabagh ev hay bnakchutyan aryunot kotoracy Shushi qaghaqum ev nra shrjakayqum chein karogh qaghaqy chhascnel liakatar ankman։ Akamayic harc e cagum, vorn e ayn himnakan pattchary, vor Shushi qaghaqy hascrec ankum aprogh qaghaqneri sharqy Lernayin Gharabaghum xorhrdayin ishxanutyan hastatman naxoryakin։ Ardyoq dra pattchary qsanerord dari miayn qaghaqakan depqern en ev azgamijyan kotoracnery, voronq vochnchacrin qaghaqi bnakchutyan zgali masy։ Mer karciqov, XX dari skzbi qaghaqakan depqery ev azgayin kotoracnery, anshusht, xist aragacrin Shushi qaghaqi ankman procesy, sakayn qaghaqi astitchanakan u dandagh tntesakan ankman procesy hamematac Andrkovkasi ayl qaghaqneri het kaxvac er naev zut tntesakan pattcharneric։ Iroq, inch ughghutyamb petq e yntanar Shushu tntesakan zargacumy XIX dari verjin ev XX dari skzbin։ Karogh er ardyoq Shushin yntanal xoshor ardyunaberutyan zargacman ughiov․ iharke voch։ Dra hamar na chuner hamapatasxan naxadryalner։ Nra ashxarhagrakan dirqy (taracutyamb xist sahmanaphak lernayin platoyi vra), vortegh tegh chkar yndardzakvelu voch miayn xoshor ardyunaberakan artadrutyan hamar, ayl nuynisk sovorakan bnakaranayin shinararutyan hamar, nra bardzrutyuny covi makeresic, vortegh dzhvar e erkatughi anckacnel, vortegh jrayin resursnery xist sahmanaphak en, ayspisi paymannerum Shushin haziv te karoghanar ardyunaberakan qaghaq darnal։ Minchder Andrkovkasi ayl qaghaqnerum ardyunaberutyuny sksel er zarganal, isk nrancic mi qanisum (Baqvum, Tiflisum, Batumum) nuynisk shat arag։ Andrkovkasi shat qaghaqnerin motenum ein erkatughinery, ev nranc hamar steghcvum ein industracman paymanner: XIX dari 80֊akan tvakannerin karucvum e Andrkovkasi erkatgicy, vory miacnum e Baqun, Evlaxy, Gandzaky, Tiflisy, Qutayisy, Batumy, isk XX dari skzbnerin erkatughin Tiflisy miacnum e naev Aleqsandropoli, Erevani, Naxijevani ev Julfayi het։ Shushin: mnum er erkatgceric heru։ Amenic mot teghadrvac erkatughayin kayany: Evlaxy gtnvum er aveli qan 100 kilometr heravorutyan vra, isk apranqnery xtchughov Shushi teghaphoxely kareli er miayn furgonnerov kam gomshi saylerov։ Tchisht e, Evlax erkatughayin kayany Shushu hamar mec nshanakutyun uner vorpes phoxabernman ket, vori mijocov qaghaqy kapvum er Andrkovkasi ev Rusastani ayl erkatughayin kayanneri het, bayc ev aynpes Shushu tntesaashxarhagrakan dirqy ir harmarutyan tesaketic cher karogh hamematvel Andrkovkasi xoshor qaghaqneri het, voronq anmijapes gtnvum ein erkatughineri vra։ Ayspisov, Shushin XIX dari verjin ev XX dari skzbin cher karogh darnal ardyunaberakan qaghaq։ Nra tntesaashxarhagrakan dirqi bolor paymannery annpast ein dra hamar, nuynisk ardyunaberakan dzernarkutyunnery, aysinqn: metaqs manogh ev metaqsi tel volorogh fabrikanery (inchpes ayn zhamanak ein anvanum gorcarannery), teghadrvac ein, inchpes menq tesanq, voch te Shushi qaghaqum, ayl mec masamb qaghaqic durs, Lernayin Gharabaghi gyugherum։ XIX dari verjin ev XX dari skzbin qaghaqi hetaga zargacumy cher karogh yntanal hin tchanaparhov, aysinqn arevtri ev arhestneri zargacman ughghutyamb, vorovhetev hnaravorutyuny evs Shushi qaghaqi araj xist sahmanaphakvac er։ Nax arhestavorakan artadrutyuny aprum er ir ankman vitchaky, ayn depqum, erb Rusastanum sksel er zarganal fabrika֊gorcaranayin xoshor artadrutyuny։ Myus koghmic Shushu, vorpes arevtrakan kentroni nshanakutyuny anshusht nuynpes petq e tulanar։ Che vor Shushin, vory araj gtnvum er haghordakcutyan ev arevtrakan himnakan ughineri vra, Gharabaghum, Zangezurum, Ghaphanum, Naxijevanum ev nshvac taracqi sahmannerum miak xoshor arevtrakan kentronn er, ayzhm na astitchanabar korcnum er ir ayd nshanakutyuny։ Sksum ein zarganal Dashtayin Gharabaghi bnakavayrery: Aghdamy, Bardan, Karyaginy, karucvecin nor xtchughiner ev saylughiner, voronq irar het kapecin Dashtayin Gharabaghi gyughern u bnakavayrery, isk ayd hangamanqy cher karogh bacasakan azdecutyun chunenal Shushu arevtri zargacman vra։ Myus koghmic, shnorhiv XX dari erkatughayin nor karucumneri, Naxijevany, Julfan ev Araqsi hovti ayl ketery nor arevtrakan kaper stacan ev elq steghcecin depi Andrkovkasi kentronnery։ Parz e, vor qaghaqi hetaga zargacman u atchi hnaravorutyuny, nra karevor tntesakan nshanakutyan pahpanman tchanaparhy Andrkovkasum XIX dari verjum arden zgali chaphov phakvac er։ Bayc, iharke, Shushi qaghaqi katastrofik ankumn, anshusht, kapvac e ayn qaghaqakan depqeri ev azgayin kotoracneri het, voronq teghi unecan 1905 ev 1906 tvakanneri amary, isk heto 1918—20 tvakannerin։ Shushi qaghaqn arajin uzhegh harvacy stacav 1905 tvakani amrany (ogostosin) hay֊adrbejanakan azgayin kotoracneri hetevanqov, erb hrdehi entarkvec haykakan taghamasi storin hatvacy, vory gtnvum er Ghazanchecoc ekeghecuc ev Tophxanayic cacr, ayrvecin naev mi sharq tner qaghaqi ayl maserum։ Ays teghamasum ein gtnvum amenalav tnern u xanutnery Tophxanayic ev qaghaqi Ghantaric sksac minchev Agulyac ekeghecin ev aveli cac hrdehi er matnvac naev adrbejanakan taghi mi hatvac qaghaqi storin masum ev mi phoqr adrbejanakan tagh֊qaghaqi verin, rusakan zoranoci mot, vortegh gtnvum ein katnavatchar Nasiri tuny ev mi qani ayl tner։ Ayrvel er ev Xandamiryani taterakan dahlitchy։ Qaghaqi ayrvac masy hetagayum chi verakarucvel, minchev vor ayd averac u ayrvac masin 1920 tvakanin mianum e hamarya amboghj avervac haykakan qaghaqamasy։ 1905 tvakani azgamijyan kotoracnerin, 1906 tvakani amrany hetevum en nor aryunahegh depqer։ Ays kotoracneri hetevanqov Shushu bnakchutyan qanaky zgali chaphov pakasum e։ Teghakan burzhuazian heranum e Shushi qaghaqic ev hastatvum ayl vayrerum, heranum e naev chqavor bnakchutyan mi masy: ashxatanq ev aprust phntrelu։ Aynuamenayniv, Shushin sharunakum er mnal arhestavorneri ev vatcharakanneri qaghaq, bayc vatcharakannery dardzel ein manr vatcharakanner, arhestavornery aghqatacel ein, mi xosqov qaghaqy aghqatik er dardzel, minchev vor na stacav ir verjin harvacy xorhrdayin ishxanutyan hastatman naxoryakin: 1920 t․ marti 22֊in։ Shushi qaghaqi ev Lernayin Gharabaghi tntesakan kacutyan masin vorosh patkeracum en talis ayn tvyalnery, vor veraberum en metaqsi tel manogh ev volorogh gorcarannerin, vor 1915 tvakanin gtnvum ein Lernayin Gharabaghi gyugherum։ Metaqsi tel manogh ev volorogh fabrikaneri («gorcaranneri») masin Shushu gavarum kazmel enq hetevyal yndhanracrac ev vorosh chaphov krtchatac aghyusaky, vori himqum grel enq Gandzaki nahangi avag teschi zekucagir ayd gorcaranneri masin[57]։
1915 t․ metaqsi ardyunaberutyan nkatmamb mer nerkayacrac ays tvyalneric, vor talis e gorcaranneri tesuchy Shushu gavari masin, parz erevum e, vor metaqsi ardyunaberutyuny Lernayin Gharabaghum derevs xoshor tegh e gravum։ Na nerkayacnum e 22 metaqsi tel manogh gorcaran, voric 6֊n unein naev metaqsi tel volorelu dzernarkutyunner։ Gorcarannerum ashxatogh bolor banvorneri qanaky hasnum er 1341 hogu, voroncic 1177 hogi kanayq en, isk 164 hogi: tghamard։ Kananc ashxatanqy ays gorcarannerum parzapes gerakshrum e, vorovhetev nranc ashxatanqy gorcaranatereri koghmic anhamemat aveli cacr e gnahatvum։ Bolorovin annshan er anchaphahas ev derahas kananc ashxatanqi vardzatrutyuny, uremn ev banvoruhineri tivy ayd hasakum bavakan mec qanak e kazmum։ Gorcarannerum ashxatogh anchaphahas (12֊ic minchev 15 tarekanic pakas hasak unecogh) aghjikneri tivy havasar er 119 hogu, isk derahas (15—17 tarekan) banvoruhineri tivy: 295 hogu։ Bolor gorcarannery, bacarutyamb meki (cucakum 18) ogtvum en mekakan shogekatsayov։ Lernayin Gharabaghi 22 gorcarannerum ashxatogh banvorneri tarekan ashxatavardzy hasnum er 112, 268 rublu (chhashvac kopeknery) ։ Shushu gavari gorcarannern irenc artadranqy bacarapes artahanum en Moskva, Marsel, Varshava kam artasahmanyan ayl qaghaqner, sparvum er naev Shushium։ Artasahman ugharkvogh artadranqy mec masamb ancnum er Evlaxov։ 1915 tvakanin veraberogh mej berac tvyalnery mnacin Shushu ancyal pharqi ev galiqi ankman kendani vkayutyunner։ Vra ein hasnum Shushu verjnakan ankman tarinery։ 1918—20 tvakannerin imperialistakan petutyunneri ev Adrbejani azgaynakan kusakcutyunneri drdumov u anmijakan masnakcutyamb aryunali kotoracner en sksvum Lernayin Gharabaghi arandzin shrjannerum, voronq verjanum en 1920 t․ marti 22֊in Shushi qaghaqi haykakan masi liakatar averumov u hrdehumov։ Dran hetevum e ayn, vor qaghaqy datarkvum e ir bnakchutyunic։ Nax qaghaqic phaxchum e hay bnakchutyuny, apa sksum en heranal naev adrbejancinery։ Shushin dadarum e linel Gharabaghi xoshor arevtrakan ev arhestavorakan kentrony, na shutov korcnum e naev Gharabaghi varchakan kentron linelu ir iravunqy։ Nra teghy gravum e Stephanakerty, vory shnorhiv ir mi sharq aravelutyunneri, 1923 tvakanic darnum e Lernayin Gharabaghi Inqnavar Marzi varchakan kentrony։ Glux III — Shushu bnakchutyuny XVIII daric minchev mer orery Yuraqanchyur qaghaqi tntesakan, qaghaqakan u mshakutayin atchi, masnavorapes nra zargacman etapneriev bekumnayin paheri masin hatchax kareli e datel nra bnakchutyan tvi phophoxutyamb։ Bnakchutyan dinamikan qaghaqi cagman oreric sksac karogh e miazhamanak nra patmakan zargacman tchisht parberacman chaphanish handisanal։ Darnalov Shushi qaghaqin, nkatenq, vor misht che, vor menq bavarar tvyalner unenq ayd qaghaqi bnakchutyan tvi u kazmi masin: nra zargacman bolor etapnerum։ Da aravelapes veraberum e Shushu zargacman skzbnakan etapnerin, teev hetaga shrjannerum el bnakchutyan tvin veraberogh tvyalnery hatchax stuyg chen։ Shushu bnakchutyan tivy voroshelu harcum mez hamar aghbyurner en handisacel․ 1) Hin nshanavor tchanaparhordneri cucumnery․ 2) Shushum yst yntaniqneri kazmac kameral cucaknery, vortegh nshvac en yntaniqneri bolor andamnery — (posemeynie spiski) ․ 3) 1897 tvakani hamarusakan 1921, 1926 ev 1959 t․ hamamiutenakan mardahamarneri tvyalnery։ 4) «Kavkazskiy kalendar», pashtonakan oracuyci tvyalnery[58]։ 5) Arandzin usumnasirutyunnerum handipac tvery։ Verohishyal aghbyurnery hamarzheq chen․ nrancum bervum en hakasakan tvyalner, voronq tchshgrtman kariq unen։ Hamenayn deps, mez haytni aghbyurnern vorosh qnnadatakan motecumov hnaravorutyun en talis patkeracum kazmel Shushu bnakchutyan tvi ev azgayin kazmi masin[59]։ Te vorqan bnakchutyun e unecel Shushin minchev Phanah xanin entarkvely ev Gharabaghi xanutyan kentron darnaly, mez haytni che։ Miayn kareli e entadrel, vor na shat bnakchutyun unenal cher karogh, aylapes ayd masin ays kam ayn kerp haytni kliner։ Phanah xani zhamanak, XVIII dari hisnakan tvakannerin Shushin darnum e berdaqaghaq ev xani bnakutyan vayry։ Vorpes Gharabaghi xanutyan kentron, Shushin aragoren sksum e atchel, gnalov avelanum e nra bnakchutyuny։ Erb berdi karucumn avartveluc mi tari heto Irani Mahmed Hasan xan Ghajary (Agha Mahmed shah Ghajari hayry), hardzakvum e Shushu vra, nra dem yndhanur uzherov durs en galis mahmedakannern u hayery ev mec vnas hascnum nra banakin։ Mahmed Hasan xany chi el karoghanum motenal qaghaqi parispnerin ev het e nahanjum։ Parz e, vor Shushin ir karucman henc arajin oreric dardzel er hzor berdaqaghaq ev cher karogh aranc zgali pashtpanoghakan uzheri linel։ Ayd masin Jamal Jivanshiry grum e, vor Phanah xany, himnelov Shushi berdy, «ayntegh e teghaphoxel Shahbulaghum bnakvogh bolor rayatnerin, naev aznvakan mardkanc yntaniqnerin, meliqnerin, carayoghnerin ev qedxodanerin (gyughakan tanutererin) ev nranc tegh e hatkacrel berdi mej bnakvelu hamar» [60]։ Gharabaghi xanery qaghaqi pashtpanutyan hamar chein karogh vstahel miayn berdi anarikutyany ev norakaruyc amur parispnerin, usti amen kerp ashxatum en avelacnel qaghaqi bnakchutyuny։ Yst erevuytin, Shushu hay bnakchutyuny skzbum kazmum er parispner u shenqer karucogh banvorneri ev arhestavorneri himnakan masy, voronc shutov mianum en naev arevtrov zbaghvoghnery[61]։ Mez haytni e, vor Shushu norakaruyc berdi arajin bnakichneric ein xani barekam ev havatarim dashnakic Meliq Shahnazarn ev nra mardik։ Shutov Shushi en teghaphoxvum zgali tvov hayer naev Araqsi shrjani gyugheric: Naxijevani xanutyan sahmanneric։ Derevs minchev Gharabaghy rusakan tirapetutyan tak ancnely, aysinq Gharabaghi xanutyan zhamanakashrjanum, Shushu hayery bazhanvum ein ghazanchecoc (Shahkertic ekac), aguleac (Agulisic ekac) ev gharabaghcoc (hetagayum Taza zhami) ekeghecakan cxeri։ Yst Leoyi, ays hayery Shushi ein teghaphoxvel bnakvelu berdi himnadrman henc arajin tarineric[62]։ Mi qani tasnyak tari heto Shushum bnakutyun en hastatum naev meghrecinery, kazmelov arandzin ekeghecakan hamaynq[63]։ Baci Shahkerti, Agulisi ev Meghru Shushi gaghtac hayeric, qaghaqi bnakchutyan mej hetzhete atchum er naev Gharabaghi gyugheric qaghaq teghaphoxvac hayeri tivy, manavand XIX dari yntacqum, erb Gharabaghum hastatvum e Rusastani tirapetutyuny։ Sakayn vorqan er Shushu bnakchutyuny XVIII dari verjerin, erb goyutyun uner Gharabaghi xanutyuny, ev ayd bnakchutyan qani tokosn ein kazmum hayery։ Ayd harcin tchisht patasxanelu hamar menq teev anmijakan skzbnaghbyurner chunenq, bayc XIX dari qsanakan tvakannerin Shushum eghac tchanaparhordneri cucumnery ev mi sharq ayl tvyalnery himq en talis pndelu, vor Gharabaghi xaneri tirapetutyan orerin, aysinqn XVIII dari verjin ev XIX dari skzbin Shushu mshtakan bnakchutyuny hasnum er mi qani hazari։ Adrbejanum kan patmabanner, voronq hakvac en chaphazancnelu Shushu bnakchutyan tivy, hamarelov 10 hazaric shat aveli, hamematelov ayn XVI dari Shamaxi qaghaqi bnakchutyan het[64]։ Sakayn ayd pndumy menq anhimn enq hamarum։ Xanakan tirapetutyan tarinerin Shushu mshtakan bnakchutyan tivy haziv te hasner 10 hazari։ Tchisht e, paterazmakan iradardzutyunneri zhamanak qaghaqum karogh er havaqvel hamematabar mec bazmutiւn, pashtpanutyun phntrelov berdi amur parispneri mej, bayc mez hetaqrqrum e qaghaqi mshtakan bnakchutyuny։ Profesor I․ Petrushevskin ir «Adrbejani xanutyunnery XVIII dari erkrord kesin» hodvacum grum e, vor miayn hing qaghaqner: Derbendy, Ghuban, Baqun, Gandzaky ev Shushin unein yuraqanchyury 5 hazaric mi qich aveli bnakich[65]։ «Adrbejani patmutyan» mej[66] asvac e, te Shushin pashtpanelu hamar havaqvel er 15 hazar hogi, sakayn ays tivy evs qaghaqi mshtakan bnakchutyan vkayutyuny che, manavand, vor nuyn grqi 380 ejum parzorosh grvac e, vor «XVIII dari verjin Hyusisayin Adrbejani ev voch mi qaghaq 6 hazaric aveli bnakich chuner» ։ XIX dari 20֊akan tvakannerin Shushu bnakchutyan masin vorosh teghekutyunner en talis haytni tchanaparhordner Mesrovb Taghiadyany ev angliaci Gevorg Keppely։ Arajiny Shushum eghel e 1821 t․ Ephrem katoghikosi het, ayn zhamanak, erb Gharabaghy phastoren arden gtnvum er rusakan tirapetutyan tak, isk Mehti xann el der pahpanum er xanutyan vorosh artonutyunner։ Taghiadyany grum e, vor Shushum bnakvum en hayer ev turqer։ Hayery Shushum unen ereq ekegheci: «Agulecvoc, Gharabaghcvoc ev Ghazanchvoc» ev kazmum en 500 tun (cux) [67]։ Ete yndunenq, vor yuraqanchyur cux baghkacac er motavorapes hing hoguc, qaghaqi hay bnakchutyan tivy kkazmer mot 2500 hogi։ Erkrord nshanavor tchanaparhordy: angliaci Gevorg Keppely ir grqum[68] pndum e, vor 1824 tvakanin, erb na eghel e Shushum, ayd qaghaqum bnakvum ein 2 hazar tun (aysinqn motavorapes 10 hazar hogi), voronc 3/4֊y kazmum ein tatarnery։ Ayspisov, Shushu bnakchutyuny XVIII dari verji hamematutyamb zgali chaphov atchel er, vor miangamayn havanakan e rusakan tirapetutyan orerin, erb erkrum xaghaghutyun er tirum։ Mi ayl patmakan aghbyurum[69], vor veraberum e XIX dari 30֊akan tvakannerin ev pashtonakan hratarakutyun e, menq gtnum enq Andrkovkasi mi qani qaghaqneri bnakchutyany veraberogh hetevyan tvery, voronc hamadzayn kareli e voroshel Shushu bnakchutyan tivy ev nra teghy Andrkovkasi ayl xoshor qaghaqneri sharqum։ Aghyusak № 4
Mer berac aghyusaki tvery bacardzak tchisht hamarel chi kareli, qani vor kazmvac en aranc stuyg mardahamari, veraberum en miayn qaghaqabnak glxavor azgutyunnerin ev ayln, sakayn ays motavor tveri himan vra kareli e hangel hetevyal ezrakacutyan․ 1․ XIX dari 30֊akan tvakannerin Shushin ir bnakchutyan tvov Andrkovkasi xoshor qaghaqneric mekn er, gravum er 5֊rd teghy Tiflisic, Nuxuc, Erevanic, Shamaxuc ev zgali chaphov gerazancum er Andrkovkasi myus qaghaqnerin։ Ayd bany hastatvum e naev myus aghbyurnerov։ 2․ Shushu bnakichneri tivy petq e hashvel voch te 5059 shunch, ayl dra krknakin, aysinqn motavorapes 10 hazar shunch, vorovhetev aghyusakum nshvac en miayn arakan serin patkanoghnery, inchpes ayd arvum er ayn zhamanak։ Mer berac tivy (10 hazar bnakich) hamapatasxanum e Shushu bnakchutyan masin Keppeli verohishyal teghekanqin։ 3․ Hayern ayd shrjanum Shushu bnakchutyan phoqramasnutyunn ein kazmum, sakayn mahmedakanneri tivy hayeric aynqan el mec cher։ Shushum bnakvogh hayeri tvi masin tvyalner e berum Leon ir «Gharabaghi hayoc temakan hogevor dproci patmutyan» mej: Gharabaghi konsistoriayi № 15 gorci himan vra։ Yst ayd phastatghti Shushu hayery yst ekeghecakan cxeri kazmum ein[70]։ (Agh․ № 5) Aghyusak № 5
Aghyusakic erevum e, vor Shushu hayery 1840 tvakanin kazmum ein 5171 shunch։ Qaghaqabnak mahmedakanneri het miasin 1840 ․ Shushu bnakchutyan yndhanur tivy 10 hazaric aveli petq e liner, vorovhetev mahmedakannery derevs mecamasnutyun ein kazmum։ 1852 tvakanin «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊um bervum en Andrkovkasi qaghaqneri bnakchutyan tvin veraberogh mi sharq tvyalner, voronq ognum en voroshelu Shushu bnakchutyan azgayin kazmy ev nra teghy Andrkovkasi qaghaqneri sharqum[71]։ Aghyusak № 6
Ays tveric parz erevum e, vor Shushu bnakchutyuny 1840 tvakanic heto bavakan atchel e, hasnelov 12731֊i, isk qaghaqum bnakvogh hayeri ev mahmedakanneri tivy 1852 t․ hamarya havasarvel։ Hetaqrqir e, ir bnakichneri tvov, Shushu gravac teghn Andrkovkasi ayl qaghaqneri sharqum, vor erevum e «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊i 1852 t․ tvyalneri himan vra mer kazmac hetevyal aghyusakic․ Aghyusak № 7
Inchpes erevum e aghyusakic, Shushin 1852 t․ eghel e Andrkovkasi amenamec qaghaqneric meky: ir bnakchutyamb gravelov 4֊rd teghy։ Shushuc aveli bnakchutyun unein miayn Tiflisy: Andrkovkasi amenaxoshor qaghaqy, Shamaxin ev verjapes Nuxin։ Shushin erku angam aveli bnakich uner, qan Baqun, aveli mec er, qan Gandzaky, Erevany, Axalcxan, Derbendy, Aleqsandrapoly, ereq angam aveli: qan Naxijevany, isk Qutayisy Shushu hamematutyamb annshan bnakavayr er։ Erku tari anc Shushu bnakchutyan tivy hasnum e arden 15194 hogu[72], isk 1860 tvakanin, hamadzayn Shushum kazmac yntanekan cucakneri, qaghaqum bnakvum er 17, 484 mard, vor kazmum ein 2966 yntaniq (cux) ։ Arajin (haykakan) qaghaqamasum bnakvum ein 9533 shunch, isk erkrordum (mahmedakanneri) — 7951 shunch, aysinqn arajinic 1582 hogov pakas։ Ayspisov Shushu bnakchutyuny 6 tarva yntacqum avelacel er aveli qan 2 hazar shnchov, isk hayern arden kazmum ein qaghaqi bnakchutyan mecamasnutyuny[73]։
Ayspisov, 70֊akan tvakannerin evs Shushu bnakchutyuny uzhegh taphov sharunakum er atchel, ev Shushin mnum er Andrkovkasi mec qaghaqneri sharqum։ Bnakchutyan azgayin kazmi mej aveli evs hastatvum e hayeri mecamasnutyuny։ XIX dari verjin tasnamyaknerum Shushum bnakvoghneri tvi masin qich te: shat vstaheli tvyalner mez talis en 1886 tvakani kazmac yntanekan cucaknery, voronc hamadzayn qaghaqum bnakvum er 26, 806 hogi (tghamard 15, 768, kin: 11, 020) ։ Aghyusak №8
Ays tvery handipum en naev «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊i 1893, 1897, 1896, 1900 tvakanneri hamarnerum, hetevapes naev 1897 t․ hamarusakan mardahamaric heto, yst vori Shushu bnakichneri tivy hasnum er 25, 656֊i (13, 282 tghamard, 12, 374 kin) [75]։ Ayspisov, «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊y shat hatchax e andradarnum 1886 tvakani yntanekan cucakneri tverin, hatchax nuyn hamarnerum berelov naev 1897 t․ hamarusakan mardahamari tvery։ Hamematelov 1886 t․ yntanekan cucakneri tvery Shushu bnakichneri qanaki masin 1873 t․ cucakneri het, nkatum enq, vor qaghaqi bnakchutyan atchi tempery zgali chaphov nvazel en․ bnakchutyuny 13 tarum avelacel e miayn 4, 5 hazarov, isk 1897 t․ mardahamari hamematutyamb: 24 tarum miayn 3, 5 hazarov։ Sakayn Shushin XIX dari verjerin derevs mnum e taracashrjani amenamec qaghaqneri sharqum, gravelov errord teghy: Baqvic u Gandzakic heto։ 1897 t․ hamarusakan mardahamari hamadzayn, taracashrjani qaghaqneri bnakichneri tvi masin heteyal tvyalner unenq։ Aghyusak №9
Aystegh parz erevum e, vor XIX dari verjin arandznapes uzhegh chaphov atchel e Baqun vorpes burn zargacogh ardyunaberakan kentron։ Shushuc araj e ancel Gandzaky, sakayn Shushin mnacac qaghaqneric aveli bnakchutyun uni։ 1897 tvi hamarusakan mardahamari tvyalnern yst erevuytin, aveli vstaheli en ev ete 1886 tvakanin Shushum kazmac yntanekan cucaknery stuyg en, apa durs e galis, vor Shushu bnakchutyuny 1897 t․ 1886 tvakani hamematutyamb arden pakasel e։ Menq karcum enq, vor XIX dari 90֊akan tvakannerin Shushu bnakchutyuny kam pakasel e, kam nra atchy dandaghel e։ Havanakan e, vor Shushu bnakchutyan tivy XIX dari verjin kam XX dari skzbin 33 hazaric shat chi avelacel։ Henvelov Shushu gavarapeti hashvetvutyan vra, vor nerkayacvac e eghel Gandzaki nahangapetin 1895 t․ Ervand Lalayany ev Levon Atarbekyany «Azgagrakan handesi» B grqum[76] Shushu bnakichneri tivy hamarum en 33, 252 hogi[77]։ «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊i verjin hamarnerum Shushu bnakchutyan tvi masin tvyalnery menq hamarum enq anhimn u anhavanakan[78]։ Te inch tvyalneri vra en himnvac ayd chaphazancvac tvery, mez haytni che, bayc aknhayt e, vor XIX dari verjeric ev manavand XX dari skzbic qaghaqi bnakchutyuny petq e hetzhete pakaser, vorovhetev ayd shrjanum Andrkovkasum aragoren atchum en Baqun ev Tiflisy, voronq depi irenc en qashum masnavorapes Shushu ev Lernayin Gharabaghi azgabnakchutyan zgali masy։ Shushin korcnum e ir dirqy Andrkovkasi arevtrakan ughineri kentronum, tulanum er nra kapy naev artasahmanyan shukaneri het։ Araj en galis nor erkatughiner, voronq depi irenc en dzgum Andrkovkasi arevtury ev ardyunaberakan bernery, sakayn chen ancnum Shushu taracqov։ Gharabaghi nersum Shushi—Evlax xtchughayin gcic baci karucvum en nor tchanaparhner, voronq ancnum en Gharabaghi dashtayin masov։ Araj en galis tntesakan ev arevtrakan kentronner (Aghdamy ev urishner), gnalov Shushin astitchanabar korcnum e ir gerakshrov tntesa֊ashxarhagrakan dirqy։ Ays bolorin 1905—1906 tvakannerin avelanum en hay֊turqakan aryunali yndharumnery, voronc hetevanqov Shushum vochnchacman u kraki e matnvel haykakan u turqakan taghamaseri zgali masy, avervel en haryuravor tner u xanutner, spanvel haryuravor mardik[79]։ Ayspisov tntesakan u qaghaqakan paymannerum Shushu bnakchutyuny erbeq cher karogh avelanal ev hasnel 39—42 hazarin, inchpes anhimn kerpov vkayum en «Kavkazskiy kalendar» ֊i ivery nshvac hamarneric mi qanisy, ayl qaghaqy astitchanabar petq e datarkver։ Verjin harvacy qaghaqin hascnum en 1918—1920 tvakani depqery: turqeri mutqy qaghaq (1918 t․), musavatakanneri korcanarar qaghaqakanutyuny, vori hetevanqov erbemni caghkac ev Andrkovkasi nshanavor qaghaqneric meky veracvec kisaaverak u annshan mi bnakavayri։ 1920 t․ averumic heto: 1921 tvakanin, erb Gharabaghum xorhrdayin karger ein hastatvel, Shushin uner miayn 9223 bnakich, isk aynuhetev aveli nvazec: 1923 t․ 6965, 1926 tvakanin: 5104, 1939 t․ 5428, isk 1959 t․ mardahamari hamadzayn miayn 6, 1 hazar bnakich[80]։ Ayspisov, Shushu bnakichneri tivn anyndhat pakasum er, nuynisk xorhrdayin ishxanutyan arajin tarineri yntacqum: minchev 1926 t․, isk aynuhetev: minchev 1959 tvakany avelanum e yndameny mek hazarov։ Kotoracneri hetevanqov phoxvum e naev qaghaqi bnakchutyan azgayin kazmy: 1926 t․ bnakichneri 96 tokosy kazmum ein adrbejancinery (4999 hogi), 1, 8 tokosy: hayery։ Shushu bnakchutyan arag verakangnelun xangarum e mi hangamanq evs։ 1920 tvakani averumic heto Shushin dadarum e mnal vorpes gavarakan kentron։ Adrbejanum kazmakerpvum e Lernayin Gharabaghi inqnavar marz, vori kentrony 1923 t․ hulisi 7֊in hastatvum e Xanqendin, vory nuyn tvi noyemberi 23֊in stanum e Stephanakert anuny։ Stephanakerty shat aravelutyunner uner norakazm inqnavar marzi kentrony darnalu, qan Shushin։ Na covi makerevuyti hamematutyamb aveli cacr e teghadrvac (nra mijin bardzrutyuny havasar er 837 merti, isk Shushu bardzrutyuny hasnum er 1300—1500 metri), Stephanakerty inqnavar marzum aveli kentronakan dirq er gravum, nra haghordakcutyan ughinern aveli harmar ein, qan bardzravandaki gagatin ynkac Shushin։ Stephanakerty Evlax erkatughayin kayaranin aveli mot er ev hetagayum ayd qaghaqy erkatughi anckacnelu hamar aveli npatakaharmar։ Baci ays boloric, Shushin, vor mi zhamanak gtnvum er haghordakcutyan glxavor ughineri kentronum ev kapum er Gharabaghy Zangezuri, Ghaphani, Naxijevani ev Irani het, inchpes asacinq, XIX dari verjeric korcrel er ir tntesaashxarhagrakan dirqi ayd aravelutyunnery։ Ays bolorin petq e avelacnel naev ayn, vor Stephanakerty yndardzakvelu aveli harmarutyunner uner, qan Shushin, vori teghanqy anhart er, isk taracutyuny: sahmanaphak։ Ays pattcharnerov Stephanakerty ardaracioren haghtaharec Shushun vorpes Lernayin Gharabaghi kentron ev ibrev bnakavayr aragoren zargacaւ, darnalov Gharabaghi amenamec qaghaqy, isxt es toghnelov Shushun։ Aghyusak №10
Ayspisov, Stephanakerty darnum e Leghnayin Gharabaghi ardyunaberutyan, arevtri, transporti u mshakuyti gitavor entrony։ Isk Shushin, naxatesvum e dardznel arojghanarayin qaghaq։ Glux IV Mshakuyty Ete Shushin ancyalum, masnavorapes XVIII ev XIX dareri yntacqum handisacel e Andrkovkasi xoshor qaghaqneric meky nra qaghaqakan u tntesakan kyanqum, apa phoqr chi eghel nra xaghacac dery XIX dari haykakan mshakuyti zargacman mej։ Derevs XIX dari 20, akan tvakannerin Shushum himq e drvum haykakan tpagrutyan gorcy, vory sharunakvum e minchev qaghaqi haykakan masi korcanumy։ Shushum XIX darum bacvum en mi sharq usumnaranner: ruseren, hayeren ev adrbejaneren lezunerov, voronq veracvum en xoshor mshakutayin kentronneri: andrkovkasyan chaphanishov։ Tpagrakan gorcy Shushum Haykakan tpagrutyunn skizb e arel derevs 1512 tvakanin Venetikum, ev arajin mekukes tasnyak tparannery himnvum u ashxatum ein artasahmanum։ Andrkovkasi arajin haykakan tparany himnvum e Ejmiacnum 1771 t․, aynuhetev haykakan tparan himnum en Rusastanum: Andrkovkasic durs (Peterburgum, Nor Naxijevanum, Astraxanum ev Moskvayum), verjapes 1823 tvakanin haykakan tparan himnvum e naev Tiflisum, voric heto 1828 tvakanin Shushum։ Ayspisov, Shushum himnac tparany Andrkovkasi haykakan tparanneric errordn e: Ejmiacni ev Tiflisi tparanneric heto։ 1822 tvakanin mi xumb boghoqakan misionerner (ayspes kochvac «Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyuny») Peterburgum rusakan karavarutyunic tuylatrutyun en stanum Shushum taracelu irenc qarozchakan gorcuneutyuny։ Ays ynkerutyuny Avgust Ditrixti ev Felician Chambezayi ghekavarutyamb zhamanum e Shushi 1823 t․ ev aystegh sksum voch miayn irenc krtakan֊dastiarakchakan, aylev davanabanakan erandun ashxatanqnery։ 1825 tvakanin misionernery hay ashakertneri hamar bacum en dproc, apa, Moskvayic berel talov hayeren noradzev tarer ev tpagrich, himnum en tparan, vory sksum e ashxatel 1828 t․, 7—8 tarva yntacqum hratarakelov hayeren lezvov mi sharq grqer u grquykner։ Chbavakananalov Shushum katarac hratarakutyunnerov, Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyuny grqeri mi masy tpagrel e talis Moskvayum Lazaryan tchemarani tparanum[81]։ Bazeli misionerakan ynkerutyan gorcuneutyuny Shushum skzbum xandavarutyamb ev xraxusanqov e yndunvum Ephrem katoghikosi koghmic, bayc Hovhannes Karbecu zhamanak ayd ynkerutyan gorcuneutyan dem dimadrutyun e kazmakerpvum Ejmiacnum, vory teghiq e talis xlrtumneri ev harcy verjanum e nranov, vor Kovkasi glxavor karavarich Rozeni dimumov ev Rusastani nerqin gorceri ministri grutyamb misionerneri gorcuneutyany Shushum verj e trvum։ Misionernery Shushum (1836 t․) vatcharum en irenc dzernarkutyunnery, guyqern u heranum, tparann el ancnum e Gharabaghi temi varchutyany։ Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyuny ir ushadrutyuny kentronacrel er hamarya miayn hayeri vra։ Ays ynkerutyuny Shushum ev Moskvayum tpagrel e 11, 679 orinak hayeren, 728 orinak parskeren, 147 orinak turqeren ev 100 orinak ebrayeren grqer։ Inch veraberum e Shushum hratarakvac hayeren grqerin, voronc orinakneri het menq canotacel enq Erevani hanrayin ev Matenadarani gradarannerum, storev talis enq ayn hamarot canky։ Ays hratarakutyunnery mec masamb kronakan֊qarozchakan bnuyt en krum, bayc kan naev ashxarhik bovandakutyamb grqer, bararanner, qerakanakan dzernarkner։ 1․ Patmutyun Surb Groc (targmanutyun ruserenic) ․ 44 ej, Shushi, 1828 t․։ 2․ Yntercuacq i S․ Groc hin ktakarani (i pitoy varzharanac) ․ 28 ej, Shushi, 1829 t․։ 3․ Havaqumn Astuacayin vkayuteanc․ 184 ej, Shushi, 1829 t․։ 4․ Poghos Nersiseanc Gharabaghci: Hamarot haykakan qerakanutiւn․ 30 ej, Shushi, 1829 t․։ 5․ Hovseph Arcaxeci: Hamarot baragirq i grabare yashxarhabarn (i pitoy hambakac) ․ 398 ej, Shushi, 1830 t․։ 6․ Zhamanaki verjn (targmanutyun) ․ 46ej, Shushi, 1832 t․։ 7․ Aւetarani tchshmartutean ev zorutean hamar (targmanutyun), Shushi, 1833 t․։ 8․․ Kiւregh Erusaghemci: Tchar vasn tasn hramanac havatoc․ 46 ej, Shushi, 1833 t․։ 9․ Tchanaparhordutiւn ar barepasht keans (targmanutyun) ․ 150 ej, Shushi, 1833 t․։ 10․ Qaroz aւag urbat orin hamar։ Shushi, 1833 t․։ 11․ Meghqy xagh anelu ban che (targmanutyun), 14 ej, Shushi, 1833 t․։ 12․ Chamchean Miqayel: Qerakanutiւn haykazean lezui, 328 ej, Shushi, 1833 t․։ 13․ Vardapetutiւn Qristosi xachin hamar, 77 ej, Shushi, 1833 t․։ Inchpes erevum e mer nerkayacrac cucakic, verjinneris mi masy phoqrik grquykner en, bayc nranc mej kan ev aynpisinery, voronq 150֊ic minchev 400 ejy en hasnum։ Grqeri mi masy targmanutyunner en, bayc kan ev inqnuruyn ashxatutyunner։ Mi sharq hratarakutyunner katarvac en dasavandmany carayecnelu npatakov (cucakum: № 2, 4, 5, 12) ։ Arzheqavor ashxatutyun e Hovseph Arcaxecu grabaric ashxarhabar kazmac bararany։ Chaphazanc bnorosh e ayn hangamanqy, vor Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyunn arajin angam gorcacutyan e hanum ashxarhabar lezun․ 1834 tvakanin ayd ynkerutyuny Moskvayum luys e yncayum ashxarhabar lezvov irenc targmanac avetarany։ Inchpes asacinq, Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyan gorcuneutyuny ev hratarakchakan ashxatanqnery Shushum skzbnakan shrjanum voch miayn tuylatrvum en, ayl nuynisk xraxusvum lusavorchakan ekeghecu nerkayacucichneri koghmic։ Ayspes, nra hratarakac 2֊rd grqi («Yntercuacq i S․ Groc») arajin ejum tpagrvac e: «HRatarakutiւn tearn Ephremi katoghikosi amenayn hayoc», isk № 6 ev № 12 grqeri vernagreri tak asvac e, vor ays grqery hratarakvac en «hramanaւ tearn Baghdasaray Ishxani Jalaleanc» ։ Inchpes very nshecinq, 1837 tvakanin Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyan gorcuneutyany rusakan karavarutyan kargadrutyamb verj e trvum Shushum, ev nranc guyqy vatcharqi hanvum։ Ynkerutyan Shushu tparany gnum e Baghdasar Mitropolity, vory 1836 t․ «Polozheniayic» heto, hetevyal tarin nshanakvel er Gharabaghi arajnord ev konsistoriayi naxagah։ Gharabaghi ayd hogevor varchutyan tparanum tpagrakan gorcy Shushum sharunakvum e hetevyal tarinerin: vorosh yndmijumnerov[82]։ Ays tparani arajin gorcn e Bayroni «Shilionyan kalanavori» tpagrutyuny (Shushi, 1837 t․), Movses Zohrapyani targmanutyamb։ Aynuhetev aystegh tpagrvum en Esayi katoghikos Hasan Jalalyani «Patmutyun kam inch֊inch ancic dipeloc yashxarhn Aghvanic» (Shushi, 1839 t․), Derzhavini «Astvacy» (targmanutyun), Sallantyanc Miqayel (cayraguyn vardapet Kostandnupolsecuoy) «Hamarotutiւn phoqr qerakanutean grabar lezui hayoc» (arajin masn) 86 ej, Shushi, 1839 t․, Hovseph Arcaxeci: Arajin mas philisovayutean, vor asi tramabanutiւn, Hamaroteal i bun tramabanutene vardapetin Kordnoyi», 246 ej, Shushi, 1840 t․, «Mashtoc», «Tetr aylbbenaran», «Kronagitutyun» ev ayln։ Leon ir «Patmutyun Gharabaghi hayoc temakan hogevor dproci» grqum nshum e, vor Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyunic Gharabaghi temakan arajnordi ev konsistoriayi iravasutyann ancac tparanum Shushium hayeren lezvov tpvel en hetevyal grqery․ 1․ «Xorhrdatetr» ։ 2․ «Saghmos» (sinogi havanutyamb) ։ 3․ «Ephrem Xorin» ։ 4․ «Zhamagirq» (sinodi havanutyamb), 1837 t․։ 5․ Bayron, «Shilionyan kalanavory», 1837 t․ Shushu ayd tpagrutyuny chka, bayc, anshusht da ayn e, vor tpagrvel e Zohrabyani votanavorneri mej, vor kochvum e «Parapoy zhamq» ։ Tpagrvac e Shamaxum, 1856 t․։ 6․ Vardapet Hovseph Ter֊Avagyan «Tramabanutiւn», 1840 t․։ 7․ Nuyn heghinaky, «Vahan ughghapharac» ։ 8․ Avag sarsavag Grigor Ter֊Avagyan, «Kronagitutyun kam hogevarzhutyun qristoneakan», 1849 t․։ 9․ Grigor Ter֊Avagyan, Derzhavin— «Astvac» (targmanvac hrashali grabarov) ։ 10․ Esayi katoghikos Hasan Jalalyan, «Patmutyun kam hishatak inch֊inch ancic dipeloc yashxarhn Aghvanic», 1839 t․։ 11․ «Mashtoc», 1840 t․։ 12․ Sallantyanc Miqayel (cayraguyn vardapet Kostandnupolseci), «Hamarututiւn phoqr qerakanutean grabar lezui hayoc» (arajin masn), 86 ej, 1839—40 tt․։ 13․ Tetr aybbenakan։ Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyunic Gharabaghi temakan arajnordi ev konsistoriayi iravasnutyann ancac tparany Baghdasar mitropoliti kyanqi verjin tarinerin dadarecrel er ir ashxatanqy։ Baghdasar mitropoliti mahvanic heto (1854 t․) Vehapetyany phordzum e mijocner zhoghovel Shushu unevorneric M․ Chamchyani yndardzak qerakanutyuny tpagrel talu hamar, bayc da nran chi hajoghvum, ev inqy stipvac e linum ayd katarel ir hashvin (1859 t․) ։ Aynuhetev na dimum e Moskvayum bnakvogh harust Hovhannes Hovnanyanin, xndrelov nvirel Shushu tparanin mi dzerqi mamul ev hayeren tarer, vor ev stanum e։ Tparany sksvum e kochvel «Tparan Srboy Ejmiacni» ev gtnvum e konsistoriayi hskoghutyan tak։ Ays tparanum hratarakvum e Matevos katoghikosi «Neracutiւn astuacabanakan ditelac» girqy (200 ej, Shushi, 1863 t․), bayc hetevyal tarin temakan dproci hogebardzutyan (hogebardzu Hambardzum֊bek Saruxanyan) dimumov Hovh․ Hovnanyany hastatum e, vor tparany nvirel e voch te Ejmiacnin, ayl Gharabaghi hogevor temakan dprocin ev aynuhetev aystegh 1864 tvakanin hratarakvac girqy luys e tesnum temakan dproci tparanum։ Ayd girqy gitutyanc magistros K․ Ezyanci «Nerqinn keanq hin Hayastani» nshanavor ashxatutyunn o, vory luys e tesel Shushum 1864 t․։ Ayn targmanvac e ruserenic Pertch Proshyani dzerqov (orn ayn zhamanak ashxatum er Shushu temakan dprocum) ev kazmum e 200 ej։ Targmanakan lezun ashxarhabar e։ 1864tvakanic heto Shushum hogevor temakan dproci tparany hetzhete hasnum e qayqayman։ Ays tparanum 1874 t․ mec dzhvarutyamb hajoghvum e tpagrel Xoren Stephani «Haykakan ashxarh» amsagri mi qani hamarnery ev miayn 80֊akan tvakannerin, erb Shushum nor himnvum en boghoqakan Mirzajan Mahtesi Yakobyanci ev Bagrat Ter֊Sahakyani tparannery, nranc dem mrcelu npatakov temakan dproci hatkacrac mijocnerov ev hanganakac gumarnerov 1885tvakanin noric bacvum e «Hogevor teschutyun» tparany, vory nshanavor artadranq chi talis։ Aystegh tpagrvac qich te shat nshanavor ashxatutyunneric mez haytni en Manuk Abeghyani «Nmushnery» (banasteghcutyunneri zhoghovacu), vori arajin ejum handipum enq․ «Tparan hayoc hogevor teschutyan», Shushi, 1888 t․, vory 108 ej e kazmum։ 1881 tvakanic Shushum sksum e ashxatel Mirzajan Mahtesi Yakobyanci tparany, vory XIX dari verjum talis e bavakanin erandun tpagrakan artadrutyun։ Ays tparanum luys e tesnum Raffu «Xent» ֊i arajin hratarakutyuny («Arkacner verjin rus֊turqakan paterazmic»), hratarakich: Abel Davtyan Apresyanc, tparan Mirzajan Mahtesi Yakobyanci, arajin hratarakutyun։ Shushi, 1881 t․, 400 mecadir ej։ Ays tparanum nuyn tvakanin tpagrvel en Nikolayos Ter֊Avetiqyani votanavornery «Qnar xosnak» vernagrov (Shushi, 1881 t․, 36 mecadir ej), vory masamb targmanutyunner en Hayneic, Pushkinic, Lermontovic, ****eic, Shilleric, Dobrolyubovic, isk masamb inqnuruyn en (orinak, «Shushecu idealy» (xanutpan darnalu masin) ev ayln։ 1882 tvakani mayis amsin Shushum luys e tesnum «Gorc» grakan, qaghaqakan u azgayin amsagri arajin hamary, vori xmbagir֊hratarakichy Simeon Haxumyann er։ Aynuhetev «Gorci» mnacac hamarneri hratarakutyuny 1883 tvakanic sksac teghaphoxvum e Tiflis[83], sakayn xmbagrutyuny 1883 tvakanin derevs mnum e Shushum, isk 1884 tvakanin na el e teghaphoxvum Tiflis։ 1886 t․ Shushum: M․ Mahtesi Yakobyanci tparanum luys e tesnomւ Skayordu (Leoyi) «Nor cav» grvacqy (202 ej) ։ 1894 t․ nuyn tparany luys e yncayum Firdusu chaphaco grvacqy, vory kochvum er «Firdusi: Zohak֊Byuraspi Azhdahak» (amboghj vepy Shahnameic) targmanec bnagir parskerenic Samuel Gyurzadeanc, (44—22 ej ev cank) ։ 1896 tvakanin Shushu nuyn tparanum Ervand Lalayani hratarakutyamb luys e tesnum mer nshanavor «Azgagrakan handesi» A girqy, vori azgagrakan bazhiny kazmum e 380 mecadir ej ev ur trvac e E․ Lalayani yndardzak hodvacy, nvirvac hay azgagrutyan tesutyany, L․ Babayani hodvacy Xojalui gerezmanneri masin, R․ Virxovi hodvacy «Kovkasi teghy qaghaqakrtutyan patmutyan mej» (L․ Babayani targmanutyamb), E․ Lalayani yndardzak ashxatutyuny Javaxqi masin (216֊ic minchev 371 ej) ev mi sharq ayl hodvacner։ Vorpes ayd hamari havelvac, grqin kcvac e mardakazmutyany nvirvac evs mek bazhin (130 ej) ։ «Handesin» kcvac en qartezner, zhoghovrdakan eghanakneri dzaynagrutyun (Kara֊Murzayi) ev ayln։ «Azgagrakan handesi» hajord hamarneri hratarakutyuny Shushuc teghaphoxvum e Tiflis։ Handesi erkrord (b) grqum (1879t․) hratarakvum e «Varanda» yndardzak ashxatutyuny (xmbagrutyamb E․ Lalayani ev masnakcutyamb L․ Atarbekyani ev Ghazar Ter֊Ghazaryeni), vory harust azgagrakan nyut e talis Shushu, nra gavari ev masnavorapes Varandayi masin։ Aynuhetev «Azgagrakan handesy» sharunakvum e tpagrvel Tiflisum nuyn cavalov, mot mekukes tasnyak tari, voronc yntacqum hratarakvum en 20֊ic aveli hamarner[84]։ Inchpes erevum e mer berac nyuteric, XIX dari verjin tasnamyakknerum tpagrakan gorcy Shushum laynoren cavalvum e։ Shushum ashxatum ein ereq tparan (hogevor varchutyan, M․ Hakobyani ev B․ Sahakyani), voronq hnaravorutyun unein tpagrelu bavakanin xoshor u arzheqavor grqer ev amsagrer։ Aystegh luys ein tesnum mer nshanavor groghneri ev amsagreri andranik hratarakutyunnery։ XIX dari innsunakan tvakanneric sksac hogevor varchutyan tparany phastoren dadarecnum e ir goyutyuny, bayc XX darum himnum e mi nor tparan: Babajanyani tparany։ Hratarakchutyan gorcy Shushum hayeren lezvov sharunakvum e minchev 1920 tvakany։ Ayd masin vkayum e storev berac Shushum hratarakvac terteri cucaky։ 1. «Gorc» ֊amsagir, xmbagir֊hratarakchi Simeon Haxumyan, 1882 t․ (I hator) ։ 2. «Azgagrakan handes» ֊xmbagir֊hratarakich E․ Lalayan, 1896 t․ (I hator) ։ 3. «Gharabagh» ֊erorya grakan hasarakakan tert, xmbagir֊hratarakich N․ Yaramshyan, 1911 t․ (13 hamar, 1912 t․ 6 hamar «Gharabaghi» xmbagiry 1911—12 tt․ eghel e Sim․ Ter֊Minasyany, vori mahic heto xmbagir eghel e N․ Yaramishyany) ։ 4. «Payqar» ֊qaghaqakan tert, 1912—1917 tt․։ 5. «Phaylak» ֊qaghaqakan hasarakakan social֊demokratakan shabatatert, hratarakich L․ Vardapetyan, xmbagir: Xachik Samvelyan, 1915 t․։ 6. «Ciacan» ֊grakan֊gegharvestakan ev qnnadatakan amsagir։ Xmbagir֊hratarakich M․ Petrosyan, — 1919 t․, tparan Babajanyani։ 7. «Aparazh» ֊qaghaqakan֊hasarakakan ev grakan erkshabatatert, organ hay heghaphoxakan dashnakcutyan Shushva komitei, xmbagir Hayr․ Musayelyan, 1917—1919 tt․, tparan Babajanyani։ 8. «Ashxatanq» ֊qaghaqakan֊hasarakakan, soc֊heghaphoxakan lragir, 1917 t․։ 9. «Asparez» ֊ogran hay heghaphoxakan dashnakcutyan, xmbagir H․ Musayelyan, 1917 t․ (1—9 hamar) ։ tparan Babajanyani։ 10. «Necuk» ֊hasarakakan֊qaghaqakan lragir, hratarakchutyun RSDBK Shushva komitei։ Xmbagir A․ Hovhannisyan, 1917 t․ (luys e tesel yndameny 8 hamar) ։ 11. «Arcax» ֊qaghaqakan֊hasarakakan ev grakan shabatatert։ Azgayin xorhrdi organ։ Xmbagrakan kolegia, 1919 t․։ 12. «Gharabaghi surhandak» ֊lragir, koalicion karavarutyan pashtonakan hratarakchutyun, miayn 1919 t․։ 13. «Nor kyanq» ֊hasarakakan֊qaghaqakan organ, hratarakukyun soc․֊demokratakan xmbaki, miayn 1919 t․։ Tparan Babajanyani։ 14. «Gyughaciakan kommuna» ֊organ Gharabaghi ev Zangezuri gyughaciakan arajin internacional hamagumari (hayeren, ruseren ev turqeren lezunerov), 1921 t․ (mek kam erku hamar) ։ 15. «Erand» ֊hratarakchutyan tvakann anhayt e։ 1920 t․ Shushu haykakan masi averumic ev Gharabaghi inqnavar marzi varchakan kentroni Stephanakert teghaphoxveluc heto, hayeren hratarakchutyan gorcy Shushum hamarya bolorovin dadarum e։ Lusavorutyan gorcy Shushum (dprocner) Shushin XVIII daric sksac eghel e Andrkovkasi xoshor krtakan lusavorchakan kentronneric meky։ Na unecel e bazmativ dprocner ev ayl mshakutayin hastatutyunner, voronc katarac dern anzhxteli e։ Derevs Gharabaghi xanutyan zhamanakashrjanum Shushum mechidnerin kic goyutyun unein mahmedakan tarrakan dprocner։ Aydpisi mi dprocum, orinak, 1795 tvakanin sovorel e xanakan Gharabaghi patmutyan heghinak Mirza Adigyozal bek Gharabaghcin[85]։ Nman kronakan cxakan dprocner unein ev hayery։ Bayc skzbum voch te Shushi qaghaqum, ayl Gharabaghi nshanavor vanqerin kic։ Ayspisi dprocner kayin Gandzasari ev Surb Hakobi, inchpes naev Gharabaghic durs gtnvogh Tatevi ev mi sharq ayl vanqerum[86]։ XIX dari arajin tasnamyakneri yntacqum Gandzasari ev S․ Hakobi vanqerum vorpes vanakan aprum er Hovseph vardapet Ter֊Avagyany (Arcaxeci makanunov), vory hmut er astvacabanutyan, tramabanutyan, tchartasanutyan, qerakanutyan mej, toghel e mi sharq ashxatutyunner, voronc tvum grabaric֊ashxarhabar hayeren bararany։ Nra ashakertneric er Tatevi miaban Poghos vardapet Gharabaghcin, vori mot Ejmiacnum sovorel e Mesrovb Taghiadyany, isk Tiflisum nran ashakertel e Stephanos Nazaryany։ M․ Taghiadyany patmum e, vor ir Shushi eghac zhamanak (1821—22tt․) «imastaser», «gitnakan», vardapet Hovseph vardapet Arcaxecun ev Poghos vardapet Gharabaghcun Shushu harustnery berel ein tvel irenc tghanerin ev aghjiknerin usum talu hamar[87]։ Bayc Shushum usumnaranneri bacman, inchpes naev kultur֊lusavorchakan u tpagrakan gorcy masnavorapes mec taph e stanum, erb Shushi e galis Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyuny (1823 tvakanin) ։ Pakas erandun cher ays ynkerutyan gorcuneutyunn usumnakan gorcov։ 1827 tvakanin himnum en usumnaran (haykakan masum, mahmedakan taghamasi sahmani mot), vortegh yndunum en glxavorapes gharabaghci 10—18 tarekan hay pataninerin zanazan dasakargeric, ashxatelov, vor yndunvoghnery chqavorner linen։ Ays usumnarany (Lemsi shkoly) skzbum mec hajoghutyun e unenum, ev nra himnadrman erkrord tarum ashakertneri tivy hasnum e 130 hogu։ Dprocum sovorum ein hayeren grel u kardal, usumnasirum ein Hin ev Nor ktakarany, targmanum grabaric ashxarhabar ev yndhakaraky, sovorecnum ein naev tvabanutyun ev ashxarhagrutyun։ «Lemsi shkolum» dasavandum ein naev Hovseph vardapet Arcaxecin ev Poghos vardapet Gharabaghcin։ Dprocy zhoghovrdakan bnuyt e krum։ Baci kronakan grqeric misionerneri himnac tparanum hratarakum en hayeren dasagrqer, aybbenaran, kazmum en aghyusakner, qerakanakan dzernarkner։ Usumnarani saneric vomanq sovorum ein naev ruseren, hunaren, latineren։ Arandznapes karevor e sheshtel, vor misionerneri dprocum ev nranc tpagrac hratarakutyunnerum gorcacutyan mej e mtnum ashxarhabar zhoghovrdakan lezun, Moskvayi Lazaryan Tchemarani tparanum hratarakum en Avetarany ashxarhabar lezvov, isk Shushum: Arcaxecu grabaric ashxarhabar bararany։ Misionerneri usumnaranum sovoracnery, masamb misionerneri ozhandakutyamb, irenc hertin Gharabaghum bacum ein phoqrik dprocner, vortegh sharunakum ein irenc usucichneri gorcy։ Sakayn misionerneri dprocakan gorcuneutyuny Shushum erkar chi sharunakvum[88]։ Nranq 1837 t․ toghnum en Shushin ev heranum։ Sakayn Bazeli qarozchakan ynkerutyan dprocakan ut tarva goruneutyuny Shushum bavakanin xor armatner e toghnum ev uzhegh chaphov npastum nra kultur֊krtakan arajadimutyany։ Misionerneri sksac dprocakan goruneutyuny ir sharunakutyunn e gtnum Shushum gavarakan rusakan ev Shushu temakan haykakan usumnaranneri himnadrumov։ Zhamanakagrakan kargov ays erku dprocneric nax bacvum e Shushu gavarakan dprocy։ Ayn bacvum e XIX dari 30֊akan tvakanneri skzbin, havanakanoren 1830 kam 1831 tvakannerin[89]։ Ays dprocy petakan er, vortegh Andrkovkasi mnacac gavarakan dprocneri nman dasavandumy himnakanum tarvum er ruseren lezvov։ Nra npatakn er taracel rusac lezun teghakan bnakchutyan mej։ Mer dzerqi tak e gtnvum 1850 t․ Shushu gavarakan usumnarani varichi (smotritel) hashvetvutyunn yst amisneri (sksac 1850 t․ hunvaric), ughghvac Kovkasi usumnakan shrjani (okrug) arqunakan dprocneri tesuchin (Shamaxi֊Derrbendyan dprocneri karavarchqin) [90], voric hetevum e, vor ayd usumnarann ir himnadrumic mot 20 tari heto irenic nerkayacnum er aveli shut tarrakan kam voch lriv mijnakarg dproc: kazmvac er ereq dasaranneric, voroncum 1850 tvakani hunvarin sovorum en arajin dasaranum 71 hogi, erkrord dasaranum: 33 hogi, errordum: 10 hogi։ Ashakertneri qanakn amseamis 1850 t․ mi qani hogov avelanum kam pakasum e dasarannerum, isk nranc yndhanur tivy hunvarin havasar er 114 hogu, aprilin: 117 hogu, septemberin: 100, isk noyemberin: 106 hogu։ Usumnarani mankavarzhakan kazmy baghkacac er varichic, erku usucchic (Kuzanov ev Boyardin) ev erku kronusucchic (Melqonyan Ar․ ev Alaverdi oghli), voronq miazhamanak avandum ein hayeren ev tatareren tatarskiy lezunery։ Ashakertnery yst azgutyunneri kazmum en: hayer 92—82 hogi (yst amisneri), musulmanner 17֊ic minchev 20 hogi։ Yst cagman (daseri) :
Hashvetvutyan mej asvac e naev, te inch ararkaner en ancnum Shushu gavarakan dprocum yst dasaranneri։ 1֊in dasaranum ancnum en:1․ Kron (aghotqner) ։ 2․ Rusac lezu (yntercanutyun qristomatiayic ev Krilovi arakneric) ։ 3․ Tvabanutyun։ 4․ Hayeren ev tatareren lezuner (yntercanutyun) ։ 5․ Geghagrutyun։ 2֊rd dasaranum ancnum en:1․ Kron (Hanganak Havaty ev mahmedakan kroni neracutyun (imamati masin), 2․ Rusac lezu (bacatrakanum yntercanutyun, patmvacqner ev targmanutyunner, goyakan anunner), 3․ Tvabanutyun (amenaphoqrery֊krtsernery: anvan tveri bazhanumy, mecery: kotoraknery), 4․ Ashxarhagrutyun (phoqrahasaknery: neracutyun, mecery: Rusastani qaghaqnery, getayin glxavor sistemnery, 5․ Hayoc lezu (minchev goyakan anunneri holovumy) ։ 6․ Tatareren (yntercanutyun ev bacatrakan teladrutyun), 7․ Geghagrutyun (maqragrutyun) ։ 3֊rd dasaranum ancnum en:1․ Kron (havato hanganak), mahmedakannery֊nuyny, inch vor 2֊rd dasaranum), 2․ Rusac lezu (qerakanutyunic֊trakan holov aranc naxdiri), yntercanutyun, orinakner yst kanonneri, patmvacqner, gravor ashxatanqner), 3․ Tvabanutyun (do peremeshcheniya chlenov kratkoy proporcii i zadachi troynogo pravila), 4․ Ashxarhagrutyun (matematikakan֊mec shrjanneri ev erkragndi karucvacqi masin), 5․ Yndhanur patmutyun (neracutyun, Evropa, egitpaciner ev parsikner), 6․ Rusac patmutyun (arajin shrjan), 7․ Erkrachaphutyun (hunvarin chka), 8․ Hayoc lezu (minchev goyakanneri hamadzaynutyuny), 9․ Tatarakan lezu (yntercanutyun targmanutyamb, bacatrakan teladrutyun), 10․ Geghagrutyun[91]։ Datelov yst avandvogh ararkaneri petakan gavarakan dprocnern unen yurahatuk cragrer, vortegh himnakany lezun ev tvabanutyunn e, bayc nshanakeli tegh e brnum naev krony։ Dprocum ancnum en naev patmutyun ev ashxarhagrutyun։ Avandman himnakan lezun ruserenn e, bayc ayd dprocnerum avandvum en hayoc ev tatareren lezuner (hay ev mahmedakan erexaneri hamar arandzin֊arandzin) ։ Ays teghakan lezunerov avandvum e ev krony (kronusuycy miazhamanak ev lezvi dasatu e) ։ Shushu mer nshac gavarakan dprocy goyutyun e unecel mi qani tasnyak tari ev zgali der e xaghacel rusac lezvi taracman mej։ Ayd dproci usucichnery temakan dproci bacman arajin tarinerin masamb lracrel en temakan mankavarzhakan kazmy։ Ayspes, orinak, gavarakan usumnarani varich: hayazgi Melqon Xitrovy XIX dari 40֊akan tvakannerin miazhamanak nshanakvum e temakani tesuch ev, yst Leoyi, temakanum nor mankavarzhakan karger e mtcnum[92]։ Shushu petakan gavarakan dprocy 70֊akan tvakanneric veraphoxvum e ev darnum Shushu petakan qaghaqayin dproc[93], vory pahpanum e ir goyutyuny minchev 1942 tvakany vorpes voch lriv mijnakarg dproc ev bavakanin mec der e xaghum Shushum, talov bavakanin stvar mtavorakan kadrer։ Ays dprocum sovorel en glxavorapes hayer, voronq kazmel en ashakertneri mecamasnutyuny[94]։ Haykakan kulturayi zargacman tesaketic Shushu gavarakan (hetagayum qaghaqayin) petakan usumnaranic anhamemat aveli mec der e xaghacel Gharabaghi hayoc temakan hogevor dprocy, vory bacvel e Shushum 1838 t․ hunisi 22֊in ev pahpanel e ir goyutyuny minchev 1920 tvakany (minchev Shushu haykakan taghamasi averumy) ։ Ays dproci goyutyan 75֊amya hobelyanin e nvirvac mer nshanavor patmaban Leoyi 692 ej kazmogh xoshor ashxatutyuny, vory kochvum e «Patmutyun Gharabaghi hayoc temakan hogevor dproci» (1883—1913 tt․), hratarakutyun nuyn dproci hogebardzutyan (Tiflis, 1914 t․), vory bovandakalic ashxatutyun e, kazmvac dproci ev Gharabaghi konsistoriayi arxivayin nyuteri himan vra։ Gharabaghi temakan dprocy XIX darum ev XX dari arajin erku tasnamyaknerum rusahayeri 4 haykakan temakan mijnakarg dprocneric mekn e։ Ayd 4 haykakan temakan mijnakarg dprocnern ein: Nersisyan dprocy Tiflisum, Erevani temakan dprocy, Nor Naxijevani dprocy (Doni Rostovum) ev Shushu temakany[95]։ Ir goyutyan arajin tarinerin Shushu temakan dprocy shat xghtchuk patker er nerkayacnum։ Na chuner mijocner, mshtakan byuje, usucichnery mec masamb kronakanner ein, ashxatum ein aranc vardzatrutyan։ Sakav er ashakertneri qanaky, dasaranneri tivy, xghtchuk er usman cragiry։ Bacman arajin tarin ashakertneri tivy «qsanic aveli er», goyutyun uner miayn mi dasaran։ Zhamanaki yntacqum ashakertneri ev dasaranneri tivy astitchanabar avelanum e։ Usucichneri mi masin sksum en ashxatavardz nshanakel, bayc dproci byujen erkar tariner derevs ankanon er mnum։ Astitchanabar dproci byujen el avelanum er[96]։ 1832 t․ dprocn arden uner 65 ashakert ev 4 usucich։ 1840 tvakanin dprocum avandum ein hetevyal ararkanery: 1) astvacayin orenq, 2) srbazan patmutyun, 3) hayoc qerakanutyun, 4) rusac lezu (yntercanutyun ev qerakanutyun), 5) parskeren lezu, 6) tvabanutyun ev 7) ergecoghutyun։ Temakan dprocy 1838 t․ minchev 1860 t․ entarkvum er konsistorakan karavarutyany ev uner erkdasaranyan kazm, isk 1860 tvakanic sksac na stanum e zhoghovrdakan karavarutyun (karavarvum e zhoghovrdi yntrac hogabardzuneri koghmic) ev zhoghovrdakan karavarutyan arajin shrjanum (1860—1889 tt․) uner 3—4 dasaranyan kazm, vory ev pahpanum e minchev nra verjnakan phakumy 1920 y․։ Tchisht e, «Zhoghovrdakan karavarutyan oroq el shat hatchax hamar payqar e mghvum hogevorakanneri ev ashxarhik hogabardzuneri mej, hatchax temakani tesuchner en nshanakvum hogevorakan andzinq, temakan dproci karavarman gorcum hatchax xarnvum er Ejmiaciny, bayc zhoghovrdakan ashxarhik karavarutyuny yntrac hogabardzuneri mijocov, vor hastatvel er Ejmiacni kanonadrutyamb, himnakanum pahpanvum e sksac 1860 t․։ 1860 tvakanic sksac temakan dproci byujen astitchanabar kanonavorvum e, dprocy darnum e mijnakarg, avelanum e sovoroghneri ev dasaranneri tivy, teev yst tarineri teghi en unenum vorosh tatanumner, inchpes erevum e Leoyi ashxatutyan himan vra kazmac mer aghyusakic[97]։ Aghyusak №11
Aghyusakic erevum e, vor ashakertneri yndhanur qanaky zgali chaphov pakasum e ekeghecakan kalvacqneri petutyan koghmic xlvac tarinerin, erb temakany nuynisk zhamanakavorapes phakvum e։ Hamematabar qich er ashakertutyan qanaky ev dproci goyutyan verjin tarinerin։ Dproci byujen hamematabar apahovvum e dproci 75֊amya hobelyanakan tarinerin, erb na stanum e xoshor nviraberumner[98]։ Inchpes asacinq, mec e eghel Gharabaghi hayoc temakan dproci[99] katarac dery Andrkovkasi ev manavand Shushu haykakan mshakuyti zargacman gorcum։ Ir 82֊amya gorcuneutyan yntacqum na tvel e hazaravor shrjanavartner, voronq chnchin bacarutyamb en miayn hogevorakan pashtonner standznel ev kronavorner dardzel, ayl irenc stvar mecamasnutyamb dardzel en gavarakan dprocneri dasatuner ev lracrel en hay mtavorakanutyan sharqery։ Nrancic shatery sharunakel en irenc krtutyuny artasahmanyan bardzraguyn hastatutyunnerum[100], inchpes naev Rusastanum, dardzel en nshanavor bzhishkner, lezvabanner, hasarakagetner, shatery avartel en Ejmiacni tchemarany ev hetagayum nshanavor der en xaghacel haykakan lezvagitutyan ev grakanutyan mej, isk Hoktemberyan heghaphoxutyunic heto dardzel en Hayastani Hanrapetutyan akademikosner, profesorner ev vorakyal masnagetner։ Hayaget֊grakanaget Maghaqya Puluzyani verateschutyan zhamanak (1870—74 tt․) nra ashakertneric hetagayum nshanavor dardzan Leon, Semion Haxumyany, Kost․ Meliq֊Shahnazaryany, Muracany (Grigor Ter֊Hovhannisyany), Arsen Terteryany, qimikos Hakovb Hovhannisyany։ Arandznapes nshanavor mankavarzhakan ev usucchakan kadrer e unecel Shushu temakan dprocy ir aveli qan 80֊amya goyutyan yntacqum։ Bavakan e nshel aynpisi anunner, inchpisiq en Petros Shanshyany, vory temakan dproci veratesuch e eghel 1863—1864 tvakannerin ev eghel e Shushum zhamanaki demokratakan sharzhman nershnchoghn u gorciqy ev 1864 tvakanin kgherakanutyan janqerov amboghj amboghj usucchakan kazmi het ardzakvum e dprocic[101]։ Shanshyanic ev P․ Proshyanic heto (70֊akan ev 80֊akan tvakannerin) menq temakani usucchakan kazmi mej handipum enq Ghazaros Aghayanin, S․ Mandinyanin (tesuch, 1889), L․ Atarbekyanin, Makar vard Barxutaryanin, Manuk Abeghyanin (ori grchin e patkanum Shushum hratarakvac «Nmushner» vernagrov banasteghcutyunneri zhoghovacun, 1888 t․) ։ 90֊akan tvakannerin ays dprocum teschutyun er anum Levon Sargsyany (1892—94), ergecoghutyan nshanavor usucich Stephan Demuryany, vor erkar tariner minchev XX dari arajin tesnamyaknery dasavandel e Shushu temakanum, haytni azgagraget Er․ Lalayany, grabari dasatu Aslan Shahnazaryany, vory erkar tariner: sksac 1897 t․, dasavandel e temakanum, isk xorhrdayin ishxanutyan, zhamanak profesori kochumov ashxatel Erevanum, ev urishner։ XX dari skzbnerin temakann unecel e voch pakas akanavor dasatuner, inchpisin e haytni hraparakaxos, patmutyan dasatu Garegin Xazhakyany (yspanvel e tatchikneri dzerqov Siamantoyi, Varuzhani, Zargaryani ev urishneri het 1915 tvakanin), haytni lezvaban, hetagayum HXSH akademikos Hrachya Atcharyany, Arshak Chilingaryany, Avetiq Ter֊Poghosyany (tesuch 1908—10 tvakannerin), Levon Taxtatchyany (bnaget֊gyughatntes), Hayrapet Musayelyany, Anushavan Ter֊Miqayelyany, Arshak Tonoyany ev urishner։ 1910—13 tvakannerin teschutyan pashton e varum bzhishk Yaramishyany, vori zhamanak temakanum mtcnum en gyughatntesakan giteliqneri avandumy (ayn handznvum e masnaget usucich Levon Taxtatchyanin) ։ Xorhrdayin ishxanutyan hastatman naxoryakin: temakan dproci goyutyan verjin tarinerin, usucchakan kazmi mej menq handipum enq aynpisi tesuchneri ev usucichneri, inchpisiq en Xachik Samvelyany (1915—16 tt․), Aleqsandr Caturyany (1916—20 tt․) : haytni bolshevik, vory spanvec 1920 tvakani garnany musavatakanneri dzerqov, Armenak Gharagyozyany (bolshevik, Lernayin Gharabaghi Inqnavar Marzi arajin qartughar), Arshavir Qamalyany ev togheris heghinaky (rusac lezvi ev patmutyan dasatu temakanum: 1915—1920 tt․) ։ Shushu temakan dprocn unecel e arxiv, unecel e (orosh tarineri yntacqum) ir tparany, gradarany, vory kazmakerpel er 1869 t․։ Dprocakan shenqy skzbum vercvum er vardzov, 1871 tvakani septemberi 17֊in dprocy teghaphoxvec Baghdasar mitropoliti karucac shenqy (arajnordarany), isk 1898 tvakanin temakany teghaphoxvum e ir nor shenqy[102], ur mnac minchev 1920 t․ karucac Andreas Xandamiryani oriordac dproci ogtin ktakac phogherov, sakayn oriordac (Mariamyan) dprocy teghaphoxvum e arajnordarani (aysinqn temakani) shenqy, isk temakany: nor karucvac shenqy (Leo, nshv․ ashx․, 555) ։ Temakan dproci nor shenqn uner yndardzak dahlitch, ayn nuynqan mec er, inchpes ev realakani nor shenqi (Arafelyani mijocnerov karucvac) dahlitchy (sranq amenamec dahlitchnern ein Shushi qaghaqum, ete chhashvenq Xandamiryani dahlitchy, vortegh taterakan nerkayacumner ein trvum minchev nra ayrvely: 1905 tvakani hay֊turqakan kotoracneri zhamanak) ։ Temakani dahlitchum hatchax teghi ein unenum dprocakan handesner, nerkayacumner։ Temakan mijnakarg dprocy, vor Shushu bolor dprocneri mej amenic hinn er (ete chhashvenq misionerneri dprocy) ev amenic erkarakyacy, mi qani tarov phakvum e ir goyutyan arajin tarinerin, ev apa 2 tarov ekeghecakan kalvacqneri carakan karavarutyan koghmic brnagravman entarkvac tarinerin (1903—1905 tt․) ev noric verabacvum e 1905 tvakani heghaphoxutyan zhamanak։ Ays dprocy yndhanrapes carayel e qaghaqi demokratakan xaveri krtutyan gorcin, vortegh sovoroghnery mec masamb Shushu arhestavorakan dasi zavaknern ein, qich tvov hogevorakanneri zavaknery ev ashakertutyan kazmov na xist tarbervum er Shushu realakanic, vortegh sovoroghnern irenc stvar mecamasnutyamb bekeri, aznvakanneri ev vatcharakanneri zavakner ein։ Temakani ashakertutyuny aktiv masnakcutyun e cuyc tvel Rusastani heghaphoxakan sharzhmany, dprocakan cuycer kazmakerpel ev 1906 tvakanin mi sharq pahanjner nerkayacnel։ Shushum ashxatogh dprocneri tvum teghin e nshel zhamanakagrakan kargov Mariamyan oriordac dprocy, vory yst eutyan cxakan dproc er ev ir bazmamya goyutyan yntacqum krtel u dastiarakel e bazmativ hay aghjikneri։ Na bacvum e Shushum, inchpes very nshecinq, Mariam Haxumyani (hogabardzu Hambardzum Haxumyani knoj) naxadzernutyamb 1864 tvakani hulisi 7֊in։ Ays dprocy pahpanvel e minchev 1920t․ ev hay oriordneri krtutyan gorcum xaghacel e ir zgali dery։ Haykakan mijnakarg oriordac Ghukasyan dprocy bacvum e Shushum XX dari 20֊akan tvakannerin ev haziv goyutyun e unenum mi qani tari։ 1881 tvakanin Shushum bacvum e mi nor tipi dproc evs: Shushu realakan dprocy, vory mot 40֊amya goyutyan yntacqum pakas der chi xaghacel Shushu matagh serndi krtutyan gorcum, qan Gharabaghi temakany, teev temakani nman erkaramya kyanq chi unecel։ Ays dprocy petakan dproc er, vortegh usumy tarvum er ruseren lezvov ev vortegh sovorum ein hayer, tatarner ev rusner, sakayn sovoroghneri stvar mecamasnutyuny kazmum ein hayery։ I tarberutyun rusakan gimnazianeri, vortegh usman gorcum glxavor der ein xaghum dasakan ev nor lezunery (latineren, hunaren, franseren, germaneren), realakan dprocy glxavorapes ushadrutyun er dardznum bnagitakan u fizikamatematikakan gitutyunneri vra։ Ays dprocn avartoghnery irenc usumy mec masamb sharunakum ein Rusastani texnikakan buherum ev darnum tchartarapetner, haghordakcutyan ughineri inzhenerner ev nman texnikakan gcov ashxatogh masnagetner։ Realakan dproci bacumy Shushum vorosh vtang e sparnum temakan dprocin, qani vor na petq e depi iren qasher qaghaqum sovorel cankacoghnerin, manavand, vor na miangamayn apahovvac er petakan mijocnerov (kayun byujeov) ev aveli apahov u layn asparez er xostanum ayd dprocn avartoghnerin hetagayum usumy sharunakelu ev lav pashtonner gravelu hamar (na apahovum er ruserenin tirapetely) ։ Ev hiravi, Shushu ayd dprocum sovorelu cankutyuny xist mec er, manavand unevor dasakargeri koghmic, voronq amen kerp ashxatum ein irenc zavaknerin mtcnel ayd dprocy։ Arhasarak Kovkasum kayin mi qani petakan gimnazianer u realakan dprocner։ Ayspes, 1893 t․ Kovkasi usumnakan okrugum kar 8 realakan dproc[103], isk 1898 t․ Kovkasi usumnakan okrugi hogabardzutyan hashvetvutyan hamadzayn okrugum kar 9 realakan dproc 3494 ashakertnerov, voroncic Tiflisi realakanum: 632 ashakert, Baqvi realakanum: 607 ashakert, Shushu realakanum 334 ashakert, Qutayisi: 241 ashakert ev ayln[104]։ Shushu realakany ir ashakertneri tvov 3֊rd teghn er gravum Kovkasum։ Shushu realakany uner 2 naxapatrastakan ev himnakan dasaran։ Ashakertnery 6֊rd dasarann avarteluc heto stanum ein hasunutyan vkayakan, isk 7֊rd dasarann avarteluc heto: avartakan vkayakan։ Hetaqrqir e Shushu realakani ashakertutyan azgayin kazmy 1893 ev 1898 tt․[105]։ Aghyusak №12
Ayspisov, hayery realakani ashakertutyan tvum kazmum en 80 tokosic avelin, tatarnery mot 15 tokos ev aveli chnchin e rus ev vraci ashakertneri qanaky[106]։ Shushu realakan dprocy uner veratesuch (direktor), tesuch (inspektor), kronusuycner (3 lezvov) ev usucichner, voronq avandum ein hetevyal ararkanery․ rusac lezu, matematika, patmutyun, bnagitutyun, ashxarhagrutyun, franseren ev germaneren, gcagrutyun ev geghagrutyun, erazhshtutyun, ergecoghutyun, adrbejaneren lezu, uner ir dprocakan bzhishky ev dastiarakneri ognakany (pomoshchnik klassnix postavnikov) ։ 1905 t․ heghaphoxutyunic heto hayeri (guce ev tatarneri) hamar mtcvac er mayreni lezvi dasavandum, vory katarum er kronusuycy (Egh․ Tarxanyan hayoc patmutyan het miasin (ekeghecakan patmutyan anvan tak) ։ Realakan dprocn unecel e nshanavor usucichner (direktor ev matematikos A․ N․ Ivanov, hnaget Gummel[107], Miqayel Gharabekyan: germaneren, Harut Meliqyan: fizika, franseren ev ayln), voch pakas nshanavor ashakertner, voronq dprocn avarteluc heto, hetagayum dardzel en akanavor hasarakakan gorcichner (Bogdan Mirzajan Knunyanc, Levon Atarbekyan, Ashot Hovhannisyan, Hayk Gyuliqevxyan, Saqo Sahakyan, Slava Kasparyan) ։ 1905 t․ heghaphoxutyan orerin realakani ashakertutyuny kazmakerpel e burn ashakertakan cuycer ev ayd tesaketic arajatar der xaghacel Shushu amboghj ashakertutyan kyanqum, unecel e ir yndhatakya ashakertakan mamuly։ Mec e eghel naev nra aktiv masnakcutyuny 1917 t․ heghaphoxutyany։ Realakan dprocy unecel e hamematabar aveli yndardzak byuje, hamematabar barekarg fizikakan u qimiakan kabinetner, yndardzak yndhanur u fundamental gradaran (glxavorapes ruseren lezvov), vortegh es: grqi heghinaks gradaranapeti pashton em varel 1918—20 tvakannerin։ Yndardzak dprocakan dahlitch er nor shenqum (Arafelyani caxsov karucvac), ur dprocy teghaphoxvel er 1908 tvakanin (Movses beki tnic) ։ XIX dari verjerin Shushum bacvum e evs mi dproc, vory mec der e katarum Shushu aghjikneri krtutyan gorcum։ Da rusakan oriordac Marinsku dprocn er, vori bacumy havanakanoren katarvel e XIX dari 90֊akan tvakannerin։ Ays dprocy gtnvum er «Nor zhami» («Kanach zhami») taghamasum, temakan dproci phoghoci vra, temakanic qich bardzr։ Irenic nerkayacnum er, im karciqov, progimnazie֊i tipi dproc ev ir goyutyuny pahpanel e minchev 1920 tvakany, unenalov mijin hashvov 200—300 ashakertuhi, voronc mec masy hayuhiner ein (1898 tvakanin 257 ashakertuhineric: 240 hogi) ev chnchin er tatarneri tivy (257֊ic: 2 hogi։ Kayin naev rus aghjikner (14 hogi) ev aylq (1 hogi) [108]։ Menq aystegh chtvecinq Shushum minchev 1917 tvakany eghac bolor dprocneri anunnery, ayl kang aranq miayn haykakan ev rusakan glxavor dprocneri vra։ Baci dranic, Shushin unecel e naev mi qani cxakan (tarrakan) haykakan dprocner, XX dari erkrord tasnamyakum unecel e haykakan mijnakarg oriordac dprocy (Mariam֊Ghukasyan dproc), vori shenqy realakan dproci phoghoci vra er gtnvum։ Dprocy himnvel e shusheci eghbayrq Ghukasyanneri xoshor nviratvutyan gumarnerov[109], Shushu haykakan masi averumic mi qani tari araj ev yndameny mi qani tarva kyanq e unecel։ Ays dproci arajin tesuchy Hayrapet Musayelyann er, isk 1916 tvakanic heto Aslan Shahnazaryany[110]։ Naxaheghaphoxakan Shushin unecel e naev mi sharq ayl dprocner, voroncic nshanavor e rus֊tatarakan dprocy, XIX dari skzbin unecel e naev erazhshtakan dproc։ Mer aystegh tvac teghekutyunnery XIX darum ev XX dari skzbin Shushum goyutyun unecogh dprocneri masin bavakan en galu ayn ezrakacutyan, vor Shushin ayd zhamanakashrjanum eghel e haykakan xoshor (naev rusakan) krtakan֊kulturakan kentron։ Aghyusak №13, vory menq vercrel enq Er․ Lalayani xmbagrac «Azgagrakan handesi» 1897 t․ ej 102—113 «Varanda» vernagir krogh ashxatutyunic, vorosh chaphov amphoph haskacoghutyun e talis Shushum ayd tvakanin goyutyun unecogh dprocneri, usucichneri, ashakertutyan socialakan cagman ev mi sharq ayl xndirneri masin (talis enq aghyusaky amboghjovin, bayc aranc gyughakan dprocnerin veraberogh tvyalneri) ։ Aghyusaki mej kan vorosh sxalner, orinak temakani himnadrumy tvac e 1843 tvakany, isk menq aghyusaky talis enq aranc phophoxelu։ Aghyusak №13
Taterakan gorcy Shushum Yst erevuytin haykakan tatrony Shushum skizb e arnum XIX dari vatsunakan tvakannerin։ Ayd masin vkayum e hay nshanavor azgagraget Ervand Lalayany, vory grum e․ «Shushum arajin haykakan nerkayacumy teghi e unecel der vatsunakan tvakannerin, erb hayreniq veradardzac usanoghnery voch miayn tghamardu, aylev kananc der en katarel։ Aynuhetev temakan dproci usucchakan xumby ev shrjik derasannery nerkayacumner en tvel temakan dproci dahlitchum» [111]։ Ervand Lalayani vkayutyuny hastatum e hay taterakan arvesti nerkayacucichneric meky: Gevorg Chmshkyany[112], vory 1865 tvakani hunis amsin Sedrak Mandinyani ev Mihrdat Amerikyani het eghel en Shushum u tvel mi qani nerkayacumner։ G․ Chmshkyann ir hishoghutyunnerum bavakanin manramasnoren nkaragrum e ayd tchanaparhordutyuny Tiflisic Gandzaki vrayov Shushi։ Arandznapes ushagrav e G․ Chmshkyani manramasn nkaragrutyuny Shushu dirqi, haghordakcutyan ughineri (saylerov, dzierov, jorinerov), tchanaparhneri vtangavorutyan, artistnerin shushecineri koghmic qyandrbazneri kam jambazneri tegh yndunely, handipumy Shushu hyuranocum (klubum, vortegh senyakner ein vardzov talis tught xaghalu kam qef anelu hamar) ։ Chmshkyani nkaragrutyamb Shushum tvac nerkayacumneri mec hajoghutyany xist npastum e Xanqendic (ayzhmyan Stephanakert) nerkayacumneri hamar zinvorakan erazhshtaxumb hravirely, vorn zhoghovrdi mej araj e berum mec xandavarutyun։ Nshanavor e ev ayn hangamanqy, vor ayd nerkayacumnerin hatchaxum ein naev kanayq, voronc hamar hatkacvac ein hatuk nstaranner։ Chmshkyani ereq hoguc baghkacac taterakan xumby teghaci eritasardneri ev handisakanneri erandun masnakcutyamb 1865 t․ nerkayacnum en Srapion Heqimyani «Samvely», «Vardan Mamikonyan» voghbergutyuny ev tesaranner «Shkoli varzhapetic» ։ Chmshkyani xmbi nerkayacumnery unenum en anspaseli hajoghutyun, shnorhiv Shushva eritasardutyan artahaytvac mec hamakranqi[113]։ Chmshkyani grqum ushadrutyan arzhani en ayn toghery, vortegh na grum e․ «Menq Gharabaghum gtanq hamakrutyun, miaban hamakrutyun, vor ayd hamakrutyan skzbunqneri mej kar erkparakutyun։ Kayin erku kusakcutyunner: shanshiakan ev sargsakan։ Mekin patkanum er hay patanekutyan uzhy, myusin: mardkutyan harust dasy, pharaser ev shahasirakan npatakin hetevogh mardik։ Menq gtanq hamakrutyun patanekutyan koghmic։ Mez bavakan er ayd patanineri hamakrutyuny, sksecinq gorcy» ։ Chmshkyany tchisht gnahatakan e talis ayd kusakcutyunnerin ev inqy hamakrutyun e phntrum eritasardutyan mej։ «Shushva nerkayacumnerov G․ Chmshkyany, Amerikyany ev Sedrak Mandinyany skizb drin aynteghi taterakan kyanqin ev pattchar dardzan, vor Shushum 1868 t․ hatuk taterakan bem shinvi» ։ Taterakan kyanqy Shushum sksvum e G․ Chmshkyani nerkayacumnerov։ Sakayn chi kareli hastatoren pndel, vor minchev 1865 t․ G․ Chmshkyani Shushum nerkayacumner taly, Shushum nerkayacumner chen eghel։ Ayd masin entadrutyan himq en talis inchpes Ervand Lalayani bervac nkatoghutyuny, aynpes ev G․ Chmshkyani «Hishoghutyunner» ayn masin, vortegh S․ Mandinyani erbemni usanogh ynker shusheci Ter֊Hakobyany Chmshkyanin ev nra ynkernerin tanum e heru, qaghaqic durs ev kangnecnum mi ahagin qarashen shinutyan araj, aselov․ «Aha mer tatrony» ։ Aynuhetev Chmshkyany nkaragrum e ayd shenqy․ «Mtanq ev inch tesanq: chors pat, mejy phaytya syuner, mi qani tegh bazhanvac taxtakya paterov, aranc hataki ev aranc arastaghi» ։ Aha ays shenqum el Chmshkyany ev ir ynkernery kazmakerpecin ev tvin irenc arajin nerkayacumnery։ Iharke, da kanonavor taterakan shenq cher, bayc ardyoq aystegh teghacinery minchev Chmshkyani nerkayacumner taly, chen tvel nerkayacumner, hastatapes pndel chenq karogh, sakayn havanakan enq hamarum, aylapes inchu Ter֊Hakobyann ayd «tatron» e anvanum։ Ayspes te aynpes, XIX dari 60֊akan tvakannerin Shushum hayeri mej arden himq er drvel taterakan gorcin ev aynuhetev nerkayacumner en bemadrvum te masnavor tnerum, te Gharabaghi hayoc temakan dprocum ev te N․ Xandamiryani hatuk taterakan shenqum։ ✻✻✻ 1882 tvakanin hulisi 23֊in Shushi e galis hay bemi hrchakavor artist Petros Adamyany ev mec hajoghutyamb bemadrum ir nerkayacumnery։ Na Shushi e galis Tiflisic «Tarazi» apaga xmbagir Tigran Nazaryani xorhrdov: Nor naxijevan gnaluc araj ancnel Shushi ev ayntegh handes gal ir erekuytnerov[114]։ Tigran Nazaryany, vori het Adamyany Tiflisum barekamakan haraberutyan mej er gtnvum, 1881 tvakanin Shushuc Tiflisic «Tarazi» apaga xmbagir Tigran Nazar֊Adamyani dzerqov hatuk handznararakan namak e grum ir cnoghnerin ev xndrum npastel Adamyanin։ Adamyany Shushi galuc araj kang e arnum Gandzakum ev ayntegh talis e erku erekuyt, vortegh hatvacner e artasanel Sheqspiri «Hamletic, Shilleri «Avazakneric» ev mi qani votanavor Raphayel Patkanyanic, bayc Gandzakum na hajoghutyun chi unenum։ «Ayd nerkayacucichnerin teghi hayutyuny phaylel e ir bacakayutyamb», — grum e Adamyany։ Sakayn Shushum Adamyani nuyn erekuytnern ancnum en mec hajoghutyamb։ Imanalov hrchakavor derasani galusty, Shushuc 25 «gimnazist» [115] dzi hecac gnum en nran dimavorelu։ Erkyugh krelov, vor Shushum el Gandzaki nman hasarakutyuny chi hatchaxi ir erekuytnery, Adamyany mi namakum grum e, vor «aveli lav e avanakneri vra nstac tatron gan, miayn te gan, qan te iren dzierov dimavoren» ։ Bayc Adamyanin Shushum shat lav en yndunum ev cuyc en talis, vor shushecinery voch miayn hyuraser en, aylev tateraser, Adamyyani tvac chors nerkayacumnery mec hajoghutyun en unenum։ Adamyann ir nerkayacumnery bemadrum e Tigran Nazaryani moreghbayr: Hambardzum agha Haxumyani tany, vortegh «hin mec tan verin harkum harmarecrac er mi taterakan aghqatik bem, vory der mnum er ev karucvac er Tigran Nazaryani dzerqov, nerkayacumnery bemadrum er naev klubi dahlitchum։ Adamyani Shushum tvac erekuytneri masin (hatvacner «Hamletic», «Avazakneric» ev votanavorner Gamar—Qatipayic) parberakan mamulum ev arandzin hishoghutyunnerum luys en tesnum mi sharq hodvacner։ Arandzin vogevorutyamb Adamyani nerkayacumneri masin xosum e Leon, vorn ayd zhamanak patani er ev gtnvum er handisatesneri mej։ Na ir hishoghutyunneri mej patmum e ayn masin, te Shushum inchpisi mtavor sharzhum e kendanacrel Adamyany, vory erku dyutich uzh uner: bemakan arvest ev hayoc lezu։ «Minchev ayzhm el tvum e, — grum e Leon, — te pahel em akanjneris mej mec arvestageti sheshtern u hnchyunnery» [116]։ 1916 t․ «Horizon» ֊i № 109֊um Leon grum e․ «Aysor el der hishoghutyans mej en ayn gavarakan demqery, voronc vra sheqspiryan hantchari hrtchvanqn er droshmvel։ Inch sqancheli orer ein» ։ Adamyanic heto Shushum haykakan nerkayacumner hatchaxaki ein trvum te teghakan uzherov, ev te shrjik derasanakan xmberi koghmic, voronq handes ein galis irenc nerkayacumnerov glxavorapes amarayin amisnerin, erb Shushum havaqvum ein bazmativ «dachnikner» ։ Tatronn aystegh (Shushum) kanonavorvel ev ir krtich azdecutyuny oravur avelacrel e, erb 1891 tvakanin shinvel e P․ N․ Xandamiryani taterakan shenqy։ «Sa teev artaqust ev kam nerqust tchartarapetakan kam gegharvestakan mi arandzin nshanakutyun chuni, — grum e Ervand Lalayany, — sakayn yur yndardzak dahlitchov, bavakan harmaravor bemov ev erkar foyenerov miangamayn bavakanacucich e Shushva pes mi gavarakan qaghaqi hamar։ Uni na bavakan dekoracianer, mi bavakan tchashakov nkarvac varaguyr ev ayln» [117]։ Vorqan mez haytni e, Xandamiryani tatrony unecel e naev elektrakan lusavorutyun, vor ayn zhamanak Shushva nman qaghaqi hamar hazvagyut erevuyt er Andrkovkasum։ Ays shenqy sharunakel e ir goyutyuny minchev 1905 t․ hay֊turqakan yndharumnery, erb ayn hri e matnvum։ Ays taterakan shenqum teghi en unenum zhamanaki nshanavor mi sharq derasanakan xmberi nerkayacumner։ 1891 t․ minchev 1896 t․ ays taterakan shenqum trvum e 119 nerkayacum, tarekan mijin tvov 20 nerkayacum։ Tatrony ayd tarinerin unenum e mijin hashvov tarekan 4 hazaric minchev 7 hazar rubli mutq (yndameny 6 tarva yntacqum 33.362 rubli) ։ Anshlagi depqum tatronn unenum e 325—350 rubli mutq[118]։ 1896 tvakanic heto ays nerkayacumnery sharunakvum ein Xandamiryanneri dahlitchum, isk nra ayrveluc heto: Shushu temakan dproci dahlitchum, Shushva klubi dzmerayin apa naev amarayin shenqum, erbemn Shushu realakan dproci dahlitchum[119], masnavor tnerum (orinak, Phiphertanc tuny), vortegh hatchax linum ein ashakertakan kam yndhatakya erekuytner ev ayln։ Shushu haykakan masi averumic mi erku tari araj dasaxosutyunneri, erekuytneri ev nerkayacumneri hamar ogtagorcvum er Ghukasyan oriordac dproci dahlitchy, manavand, erb 1917 t․ phetrvaryan heghaphoxutyunic araj aystegh bacvum e zhoghovrdakan hamalsaran։ 1896 tvakanic heto Shushum nerkayacumner en tvel hay bemi hrchakavor artistner Siranuyshy, Hovhannes Abelyany, Petrosyany, Hovhannes Zarifyany, Grigor Avetyany, Arus Voskanyany, Olga Gulazyany ev urishner, voronq irenc phaylun xaghov hiacrel en Shushva handisatesnerin ev krtel nranc mtavor, baroyakan ev gegharvestakan tchashaky։ Shushi qaghaqum e cnvel komikakan dereri annman artist Grigor Avetyany, zhoghovrdakan artist Vagharsh Vagharshyany։ Shushin tvel e naev Adrbejani tatroni erazhshtutyan mi sharq nshanavor nerkayacucichner, voronc masin hark e arandzin xosel։ Gradaranner, yntercaranner, parberakan mamul XIX dari yntacqum Shushin unecel e gradaranner, yntercaranner, akumbner։ Derevs 1859 tvakanin Shushum himnvum e ayspes kochvac hasarak gradaran, vory goyutyun e unenum minchev 1867 tvakany, erb na phakvum e, varchutyuny gradarani guyqy nvirum e Shushu temakan dprocin։ Temakan dprocy stanum e bavakanin mec tvov hayeren, ruseren ev ayl lezunerov grqer u parberakan hratarakutyunner։ 1869 t․ noyemberi 1֊in Shushu temakanum gradarani himq e drvum[120]։ Ays gradarany sharunakum e ir goyutyuny minchev 1920 t․ dprocakan shenqi averumy, katarelov ir voroshaki dery Shushu yntercogh hasarakutyan (glxavorapes temakani ashakertutyan ev usucchakan kazmi) hamar։ 1889 tvakani marti 10֊in baregorcakan ynkerutyan Shushu tchyughy qaghaqum himnum e arandzin gradaran, vorn uner ev yntercaran։ Ays gradaran֊yntercarany nuynpes ashxatum e tasnyak tariner[121]։ Baregorcakan ynkerutyan Shushu masnatchyughi gradaran֊yntercarany entarkvac er hay baregorcakan ynkerutyan Tiflisi xorhrdin, uner 14 ketic baghkacat kanonadrutyun ev 1895 t․ uner 4000 hayeren ev ruseren girq (6000 rubli arzhoghutyamb) ։ 1889 t․ marti 10֊ic minchev 1896 t․ hunvari 1֊y (7 tarva yntacqum) nra tarekan, amsakan ev orakan andamnery ogtvel en 27, 620 angam (4098 andam) ։ Nuyn tarva yntacqum ogtvoghneri 85 tokosy kazmum ein hayer, 8 tokosy: rusner, 4 tokosy: turqer, 3 tokosy: ayl azgutyunner։ Sovoroghnery kazmum en hatchaxordneri 55 tokosy, arevtrakannery: 25 tokosy, astitchanavornery: 10 tokosy, usucichnern u varzhapetnery: 7 tokosy, arhestavornery: 3 tokosy։ Aveli shat kardacvel en hayeren: Raffi, Proshyan, Abovyan, Shirvanzade, Cerenc, Aghayan, Sheqspir, Eozhen Syu, Dyuma, Zhyul Vern, Shiller, Paronyan, Sundukyan, Xrimyan, Molier, Shahazizyan, Gamar֊Qatipa ev Leo։ Ruseren: Turgenev, Tolstoy, Zhyul Vern, Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin, Dikkens, Dostoevski, Shpilgagen, Goncharov, Hyugo, Garshin, Zola, Ostrovski, Dode, Belinski, Bayron, Molier, Sheqspir, Shiller, ****e, Senkevich, Chexov ev ayln[122]։ Parberakan hratarakutyunneric (amsagreric) aravelapes kardacvel en: Hayeren: «Murtch», «Phordz», «Araqs», «Taraz», Handes grakan ev patmakan» ։ Ruseren: "Vestnik Evropi", "Artist", "Severniy Vestnik", "Russkaya misl", "Knizhki nedeli", "Mir Bozhiy", "Russkoe bogatstvo". 1896—97 tvakanneric heto baregorcakan ynkerutyan Shushu masnatchyughi gradaran֊yntercarany aveli e cavalum ir ashxatanqy, avelacnelov ir grqaqanaky, stacvogh handesneri ev oraterteri tivy u yntercanutyunneri qanaky, sharunakelov ir goyutyuny minchev 1920 tvakany։ Baci temakani ev baregorcakan ynkerutyan gradaran֊yntercaranneric, XIX dari verjeric Shushum goyutyun unein evs mi qani ayl gradaran֊yntercaranner․ 1. Klubi gradaran֊yntercarany Shushu qaghaqayin varchutyan nax dzmerayin, apa amarayin (caghkanoci) shenqum, vory bavakanin harust er ev voric ogtvum ein te hayery, te rusnern u adrbejancinery։ 2. Shushu realakan dprocy, vory XX dari skzbnerin uner bazmativ grqer ruseren lezvov ev manavand shat harust fundamental gradaran։ 3. Shushu ashakertakan miutyan gradarany, vor yndhatakya gradaran er ev steghcvel er 1905 tvakani heghaphoxutyunic heto[123]։ Shushum gradaranner unein naev Shushu qaghaqayin dprocy, Marinski dprocy, Mariamyan oriordac dprocy, Ghukasyan oriordac mijnakarg dprocy ev ayln։ Kayin ev mi sharq masnavor gradaranner, voronq patkanum ein arandzin andzanc, glxavorapes: teghakan usucichnerin։ Aystegh teghin e mi qani xosq asel ayn masin, te vor parberakan hratarakutyunneric ein ogtvum Shushu bnakichnery masnavor kargov, vor amsaterterin ev oraterterin ein nranq bazhanordagrvum XIX darum ev inch qanakutyamb։ Ays harcin hastat patasxan talu hamar menq chunenq qich te shat tchshgrit teghekutyunner, manavand vor yntercaser shushecineri hamozmunqnery, tramadrutyunnery ev ays kam ayn tertin arajnutyun talu hakumnery tarber en eghel ev phophoxakan: tarber zhamanakneri ev hasarakakan tarber sharzhumneri gerakshrutyan shrjannerum։ Rusahayeri arajin parberakan hayeren hayere hratarakutyunnern ein: 1847—48 tvakannerin «Kavkaz» ruseren pashtonakan terti hayeren targmanutyunnery, 1850 tvakanin: «Ararat» shabataterty (ashxarhabar ev grabar), 1858 t․: «Hyusisaphayly» Moskvayum, 1853 t․: «Tchraqaghy», 1858 t․: «Meghu Hayastanin» Tiflisum, 1860 t․: «Krunk Hayastani» Tiflisum, 1960 t․: «Masyac Aghavni» Teodosiayum, 1860 t․: «Ciacan Hayastanyac», 1861—67 tt․: «Vatcharakan», «Garun», «Haykakan ashxarh» ։ «Hyusisaphayly» 1858 t․ uner 262 bazhanord (Tiflisum: 48, Shamaxum: 12, Shushum: 1) ։ 1859 t․ na uner 350 bazhanord (Tiflisum: 60, Shamaxum: 30, Shushum: 24, Erevanum: 7 ev ayln) ։ «Tchraqaghy» 1859 t․ uner 372 bazhanord (Tiflisum: 68, Ejmiacnum: 22, Shushum: 19, Erevanum: 18, Shamaxum: 16) ։ «Meghu Hayastanin» 1861 t․ ptagrakan 350 orinak, 1866 t․: 450 orinak։ «Krunk Hayoc ashxarhi» 1862 t․: 800 orinak, 1865 t․: 400 orinak։ «Vatcharakany» 1866 t․: 450 orinak։ Vovqer ein «Hyusisaphayli» bazhanordnery։ Mec masamb hay vatcharakanner։ Na hogevorakan bazhanord hamarya chuner, nkateli chaphov zurk er naev aznvakan ev astitchanavor bazhanordneric։ «Bayc hay vatcharakanutyuny nuyn erandov ev nuynpes gerazanc jermutyamb naev hakarakord banaki sparoghn e» [124]։ «Azgagrakan handes» ֊y (1897 t․ph B girq, ej 106) XIX dari innsunakan tvakanneri Shushu bazhanordneri masin talis e hetevyal tvery։ Shushum 1894, 1895 ev 1896 tvakannerin 3 tarva yntacqum mijin hashvov bazhanordagrvac ein tarekan «Nor darin» : 80 hogi, «Mshakin» : 60 hogi, «Ardzaganqin» : 32 hogi, «Tarazin» : 18 hogi, «Murtchin» : 6 hogi, bolor hayeren handesnerin ev oraterterin: 179 hogi[125], isk bolor ruseren terterin u handesnerin: 470 hogi։ Ays tveric hetevum e, vor Shushum amenic shat 1894—96 tt․ bazhanordagrvac ein «Nor dar» oratercin, apa «Mshak» ֊in։ XX dari skzbneric, manavand 1905 tvakani ev 1907 tvakani heghaphoxutyunic heto, shushecineri bazhanordagrman patkery, iharke, bolorovin phoxvum e։ Araj en galis nor arajadimakan ev heghaphoxakan terter ev handesner, voronc bazhanordneri tivy xist avelanum e։
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